名詞及練習(xí)題匯編

1、學(xué)習(xí)-好資料一.名詞的意義從英語語法角度來講,表示人物、時間、地點、事物或抽象概念的詞,我們通常稱為名詞.例如：teacher,desk, Japanese milk , physics 等.二.名詞的種類英語中的名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩類.1 .專有名詞：表示人、地方、事物、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等專有名稱的名詞.具體說來,它包括人名、地名、月份、星期、節(jié)日、書名、電影名以及某些抽象名詞等,專有名詞的第一個字母要大寫.專有名詞如果是含有普通名詞的短語,必須使用the,如：the United States姓氏如果采用復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示該姓氏一家人,如： the Greens (格林一家人)A.個體名

2、詞Individual NounsB.集體名詞Collective Nouns family 等.C.物質(zhì)名詞Material Nouns gas 等.D.抽象名詞Abstract Nouns law, happiness 等.2 .普通名詞：表示某一類人或事物或個抽象概念的名詞.例如： worker, boy, machine等.普通名詞可分 為以下四類：):表示個體的人或事物的名詞.如： man , pencil, chair等.):表示一群人或一些事物的總稱的名詞.如：class, police , army,):表示無法分為個體的物質(zhì)或材料的名詞.如： rice , glass, wa

3、ter,)：表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、動作、情感等抽象概念的名詞.如： life , love ,三.名詞的數(shù)名詞按其所表示的事物的性質(zhì)可分為可數(shù)名詞(Countable Nouns )和不可數(shù)名詞(UncountableNouns )兩種.表示可以計算數(shù)目的人或物的名詞稱為可數(shù)名詞,一般有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式,個體名詞 和大多數(shù)集體名詞一般是可數(shù)名詞；表示不可以計數(shù)的人或事物的名詞叫不可數(shù)名詞,一般不分單數(shù)和復(fù) 數(shù),前面不能用a/an,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞是不可數(shù)名詞.初中階段學(xué)過的不可數(shù)名詞有：news, paper, milk , orange (桔子7f) , bread, chalk

4、, truth, water, rice, work , housework, homework , luck , ink, meat, money , sugar, grass, ice 等等,如以下圖.名詞類另I意 義例 詞專用名詞表示具體的人名、事物、國家、地名、 機(jī)構(gòu)、團(tuán)體等的專有名稱Jim, China, Qingdao, the UK, the Great Wall普通 名詞可 數(shù) 名 詞個體名詞個體的人或事物的名詞girl, student, factory, desk, cat country集合名詞一群人或一些事物的總稱的名詞people, police, team, clo

5、thes, group, crew不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞無法分為個體的物質(zhì)或材料的名詞water, ice, pork, cheese, cotton, broccoli抽象名詞狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、動作、情感等抽象概念的 名詞fun, healthy, happiness, courage, love, care四.名詞的復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式,可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式要在前加“或an；復(fù)數(shù)形式在名詞后加-s或-es.可數(shù)名詞由單數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式,其構(gòu)成方法分為規(guī)那么和不規(guī)那么兩種.1.規(guī)那么變化(可依照下表)當(dāng)名詞為詞尾變化讀音例 詞一般情況加s清輔首后讀/s/濁輔首、兀首后讀/z/chips, jee

6、ps, pats , clocks boys, sharpeners, sofas, drawers更多精品文檔學(xué)習(xí)-好資料以 s,x,ch,sh 結(jié)尾加es/iz/watches, boxes, classes, brushes以字母o結(jié)尾加es/z/tomatoes, potatoes, heroes加szoos, radios , photos, bamboos, pianos, kiloszerozeros/ zeroes以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾去y變i加es/z/dictionaries, strawberries以f或fe結(jié)尾加s/z/beliefs , roofs , gulfs ,

7、chefs, proofs去f或fe變v加es/vz/leaves, wives, halves, knives , thieves, loaves均可handkerchiefs / handkerchieves妻子騎牛拿起刀,追得賊狼滿街跑碰倒架子喪己命手帕樹葉半空飄注意：在中學(xué)英語范圍內(nèi),要改 f / fe為ves的只有以下詞,wife-wives; calf-calves; knife-knives;thief-thieves; wolf-wolves shelf-shelves; self-selves; life-lives leaf-leaves half-halves2.不規(guī)那么

8、變化A.單復(fù)數(shù)同形,如：deer, sheep, fish , people, Chinese, Japanese Portuguese, Swiss, aircraftB.改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母如： manmen , womanwomen, foot feet, tooth teeth, goose geeseC.含有man, woman的復(fù)合名詞的變化與man, woman的變化形式相同,但是 human, German不是合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)要按一般規(guī)那么變化如： Englishman Englishmen , policewoman policewomen , Frenchwoman Fr

9、enchwomenD.由man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式需要前后同時變化如： men workers , women teachers, gentlemen officialsE. 其他變化,如： child children , mousemice, oxoxenF.有些詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式某些由兩個局部構(gòu)成的物體的名詞.如： trousers, glasses, clothes等.假設(shè)表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞 pair對,雙；suit套等, 如： a pair of glasses, two pairs of trousers某些通常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞.如：arms, clothe

10、s, goods, stairs等.G.除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式如：a dollar, two dollars; a yuan, two yuanH.以s結(jié)尾仍為單數(shù)的名詞,包括以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名,劇名,報紙,雜志名,也可視為單數(shù) 如：maths, politics , physics等學(xué)科名詞,The Arabian Nights等,謂語動詞用三單3 .集合名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)：集合名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實為復(fù)數(shù).如：people, police, cattle等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)4 .不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,如：news, information , advice, f

11、urniture等不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,它的“量的表示方式如下：A .表示不定數(shù)量時,一般用 much, a little , a lot of/lots of, some, any 等詞修飾B .表確定數(shù)量時,一般用“數(shù)詞 +量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞,即two/three/+量詞復(fù)數(shù)十of+不可數(shù)5.名詞,如： a glass of water, a piece of advice, two pieces of paper 有些名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞也可作不可數(shù)名詞,但詞義有所不同,如下：food食物一foods各種食物fish魚fishes魚的種類time時間一times時代sand 沙s

12、ands 沙灘paper紙 a paper試卷、論文cloth布 a cloth桌布、抹布glass玻璃a glass玻璃杯,glasses眼鏡 fruit水果-chicken 雞肉 a chicken 小雞 orange 橘汁 an orange 橘子green綠色 greens青菜tea 茶a tea 一杯茶wood 木頭a wood 小森林room 空間、余地a room 房間fruits表示不同種類的水果drink飲料、酒a drink 一杯/一份飲料、一杯酒補(bǔ)充：不同國家的人的單復(fù)數(shù),見下表.名稱總稱謂語用復(fù)數(shù)一個人兩個人更多精品文檔學(xué)習(xí)-好資料中國人the Chinesea Chi

13、nesetwo Chinese日本人the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese瑞士人the Swissa Swisstwo Swiss美國人the Americansan Americantwo Americans加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadiantwo Canadians俄國人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians澳大利亞人the Australiansan Australiantwo Australians印度人the Indiansan Indiantwo Indians意大利人the Italiansan Ita

14、liantwo Italians法國人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen英國人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen希臘人the Greeka Greektwo Greeks瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes德國人the Germansa Germanstwo Germans五.可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語1 .修飾可數(shù)名詞的常用修飾語有these, those, few, a few, many, a great many等2 .修飾不可數(shù)名詞的常用修飾語有much, little, a li

15、ttle等3 .有些修飾語即可修飾可數(shù)名詞也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞,如 allsomeenougha lot oflots of等4 . 一般不可數(shù)名詞不可以用數(shù)目來計數(shù),假設(shè)要計數(shù),要借助單位詞,如 piecebottlepair等. piece其意為“張 “塊 “條等pair主要用來指由兩者組成的“一雙或“一對,或有兩半合成的“一條“一副等注：a piecepair+名詞之類的結(jié)構(gòu)作主語是,其謂語通常與 piecepair的數(shù)保持一致.六.名詞所有格1 .名詞格的種類有三個格,即主格、賓格和所有格.名詞的主格和賓格形式相同.名詞所有格表示名詞之間的所屬關(guān) 系,相當(dāng)于屋主代詞,分為 -斯有格和of

16、所有格兩種形式.2 .-斯有格有些名詞可以加s來表示所有關(guān)系、所屬關(guān)系、動作執(zhí)行者、動作承受者等意義,帶這種詞尾的名詞形 式稱為該名詞的所有格.如：Where is the teachers office ?中的teacherso名詞詞尾變化舉例一般詞直接在詞尾+ SMr. Mott s robot單數(shù)名詞詞尾加sthe boys bag復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s加smens room, childrens books復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾有-s加the workers struggle , girls school不能加s的名詞名詞+of +名詞the title of the song復(fù)合名詞或短語s加在取

17、后,個訶尾a month or twos rest-斫有格的用法：A.主要用于有生命的人或物,有些表時間、距離、國家、城市等無生命的名詞后也可以加來構(gòu)成所有格,如： todays paper, two hoursrest, America ;s policyB.在表示店鋪、教堂或某人家時,名詞所有格可以表示地點,如： the barbers理發(fā)店C. and連接的并列名詞的所有格分兩種情況,分別帶有-表示“分別有；假設(shè)一個 -表示“兩者共有“,如： Jims and JackJs rooms 兩間,Jim and Jacks room 間D.用所有格表示節(jié)日的方法Teachers; Day 教

18、師節(jié)Children ;s Day 兒童節(jié)Mother ;s Day 父親節(jié)Father;s Day 母親節(jié)2 . of所有格更多精品文檔學(xué)習(xí)-好資料A.表示無生命的東西的名詞或不能加s的名詞,通常都采用“of名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)表示所有關(guān)系.如：thegate of the school, the windows of that houseB.名詞較長或其定語較長時,有生命的事物也可用of短語表示所有關(guān)系.如：the story of Mr. Smith ,the dog of the eight-year-old girlC.表示有生命的和無生命的名詞,一般都可用介詞of短語來表示所有關(guān)心,有些情況

19、下,of所有格有時可以與-所有格互換如：the boy s name=the name the boy 男孩的名字the dog s legs=the legs of thed附的腿China s population=the population Of China 中國的人口China s capital=the capital of China 中國的首都D.表示同位關(guān)系時,通常只用of所有格,如：the city of Beijing3 .雙重所有格of +名詞所有格/名詞性物主代詞同時使用s 和 of 的所有格,如：a friend of his, the big nose of To

20、m s七.名詞的用法1 .用作主語,要求謂語動詞必須在人稱和數(shù)兩方面和其主語一致,如： One day, a little monkey was playing in a tree by the river .2 .作表語,如：The largest city of China is Shanghai .3 .作賓語,如：The students love their teachers.4 .作賓語補(bǔ)足語,如： They choose the boy monitor .5 .作同位語,如： We are waiting for Miss Yan , the English teacher.6

21、.作定語,如： The school gate was built last year.八.局部詞義辨析1、sport、game match racesport常指戶外運動,以鍛煉為主,概念較大,如： People all around the world enjoy sports.game意思是“運動、比賽,不管戶內(nèi)戶外還是腦力體力,指以勝負(fù)為主的運動如：The 2021 Olympic Games was held in Beijing.match意為“競賽、比賽,多指正式比賽,如： Our team won the league match.race 主要表示 “賽跑、賽馬、賽車, 如：

22、 They were strong and won the boat race.2、festival、holiday、vacationfestival 節(jié)日,指喜慶的日子或持續(xù)一段時間的文娛活動,如： the Spring Festivalholiday假日、i息日,指法定假日或風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣,復(fù)數(shù)可以表示一個較長的假期,如： What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays?vacation “假期,指學(xué)習(xí)或工作中一段長時間的休息如：Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work

23、.3、journey、tour、trip、traveljourney指在陸地上或海上或空中進(jìn)行的長途旅行,不知終點,含有辛苦的意思如： He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,強(qiáng)調(diào)游覽多處,常用來指觀光等如：He has gone on a walking tour.trip通常指往返定時的短途旅行,如出差度假等,如： He took several trips to S多指長期或長途的觀光旅行,尤其指到國外,沒有明確目的地,也作不可數(shù)名詞,多指旅行這一 行為,如：D

24、id you go to Santiago圣地亞哥during your travels?4、sound、noise、voicesound 指各種聲音,如： All of a sudden there was the sound of shots.noise 主要指 噪音, 如： The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.voice 指人的 嗓音 如： The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.5、fish的問題指許多條魚且不管種類時,用fish,單

25、復(fù)數(shù)相同fishes 指許多種類的魚, 如： There are many kinds of fishes in the pool.更多精品文檔學(xué)習(xí)-好資料方sh指魚肉時是不可數(shù)名詞,如： I prefer fish to meat.6. question指“需要答復(fù)的問題problem指“需要解決的問題、“難題,常至社會問題,比方說污染問題7. between指在兩者之間among指在三者以上之間,也可指在三者以上諸物體的“兩者之間8. too和also用于肯定句和疑問句,too多用于句尾,also多用于句中,即用在動詞be、助動詞之后,實義動詞之前either主要用于否認(rèn)句.9. lend

26、意為“借出,常連 to borrow 意為借入,常連 from10. say 強(qiáng)調(diào)“說的內(nèi)容,如： What did he say at the meeting ?speak意為“說某種語言,“發(fā)言、演講talk意為談?wù)?、交?強(qiáng)調(diào)說的連續(xù)性,如： They talked until it got dark .tell意為“告訴,強(qiáng)調(diào)“表達(dá)、講述,多帶雙賓語,如： tell sb. sth.11. look強(qiáng)調(diào)“看的動作see強(qiáng)調(diào)“看的結(jié)果,即“看見read那么指“看書報紙,即“閱讀12. interesting意為“物有趣的；interested指“人感興趣的“13. have to意為“必

27、須、不得不,強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要must意為“必須、應(yīng)該,強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀愿望14. whether和if這兩個詞都可做是否講,引導(dǎo)賓語從句,但在 whether or not. 結(jié)構(gòu)中,一般用 whether,不用if15. cross意思與across相近,都是“橫越、穿過“,但 cross是動詞along 是 沿著之意,可以說 along the street, along the river16. work作“工作講,是不可數(shù)名詞job側(cè)重于“職業(yè),是可數(shù)名詞17. person 與 people者B有人 的意思,個人用 a person,兩個人用 two persons people泛指“人們,是集

28、合名詞,表示復(fù)數(shù)the people 指人民, a people指個民族九.專項練習(xí)I1.寫出以下名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式.bag2. orange3. family _ 4. wish5.leaf6. knife7. key8. baby9.tooth10. foot11. woman 12. sheep13Indian14. Japanese15. potato16. radio17child18. fish19 . Frenchman20. man doctorII.I..II.13.15. III.1 .將以下短語譯成英語.名詞所有格的用法吉姆的自行車 2.王叔叔的自行車教師節(jié) 4

29、.吉姆和凱特的父親我父親的一個朋友 6.五分鐘的路程兒童節(jié) 8.中國地圖床頭 10.今天的作業(yè) 孩子們的故事書 12.在我姑姑家 在醫(yī)務(wù)至 14. 幾年的時間 我姐姐的朋友的書 選擇填空.The day before yesterday she told me news.A . a goodBsuch a goodC.so good aD. a piece of good2.I wont go there with youA . worksB.,for I have a lot ofjobC to do . .workD. working更多精品文檔學(xué)習(xí)-好資料3.will conquer 征

30、服nature.A The manB A manC The menD. Man4.Li Lei is a friend of _A I sisterB. my sistersC me sisterD my sister of5Have you read?A todaysB today paperC the todays paperD todays paper6.There are lots ofin the basket on the tableA tomatosB tomatoC tomatossD tomatoes7.Whoseare these?A . photoB photoesC p

31、hotosD photoss8.The cat caught two _ last nightA . mousesB miceC mouseD mices9.There are many on the hill .A . sheepsB. sheepC sheepesD sheeps10,There are six_ and fifteen in this w workshopA . mans womansB men womenC men womansD man women11.The children hadin the park.A. good timesB. good timeC. th

32、e good timeD. a good time12.I am busy with my work these days. I dont get.A. many sleepB. much sleepC. more sleepD. most sleep13.This is an interesting.A. newsB. informationC. workD. job14. Her parents are.A. EnglishB. AmericaC. FrenchmanD. two English15.Room 110 on the second floor is theoffice. I

33、know some of them.A. doctorsB. doctor sC. doctors D. doctors s16.The room is. They are brothers.A. Tom and Mikes B. Tom s and MikeC. Tom s and MikeD. Tom and Mike17.The box is made of a kind of hard.A. woodenB. woodC. woodsD. word18. Can you see some _on the hill?A. sheeps and deersB. sheeps and dee

34、rC. sheep and deersD. sheep and deer19.How manyshall we pay for the special service?A. moneyB. yuansC. dollarsD. pound20. I have many friends here. Lily is.A. mine friendB. a friend of myC. one of myD. one of them21.-Would you like some?- Thank you, but I am not hungry.A. breadsB. cakesC. orangesD.

35、orange juice22.Don t make any _, the boy is sleeping.A. voiceB. noiseC. musicD. laugh23. She was born in Xiangfan, but now she works in Taiyuan. So we cannot say Taiyuan is herA. hometownB. second homeC. familyD. house24. Is this your_ for making so many mistakes?A. ideaB. mindC. excuseD. result25.

36、There are few for supper. Would you please buy some carrots and cabbages on yourway home?A. meatB. eggsC. fruitD. vegetables更多精品文檔學(xué)習(xí)好資料26. - Would you like some?- Oh, yes, just a little please.A. pearsB. applesC.bananasD. milk27. - Can you finish the work in a week?- No .A. problem28. Is there a lit

37、tleB. matterC. troubleD. questionA. room29. The signA. NO PHOTOSleft for me?B. placeC. groundD. house! is often seen on the box.B. NO SMOKINGC. BUSINESS HOURSD. THIS SIDE UP30. Help yourselves to some, children.A. fishB. fishesC. a piece of fishD. a fish31.Here is the, please.- Oh. Fried meat with s

38、ome green peppers and two eggs.A. billB. listC. bookD. menu32.is used to eat soup.A. KnifeB. Fork33.- What s thelike today?C. SpoonD. Chopsticks-It s sunny.A. climate34. Two thirds areB. weatherin our school.C. skyD. spaceA. woman teachersB. women teachersC. woman doctorD. women doctors35. It swalk

39、from my home to our school.A. two minutes 36. They got muchA. ideas37. I have twoB. two minute from those new books.B. photos and three bottles ofC. two minutesD. two- minutes A. orange, orange38. An oldA. people39. Help yourself toA. chickens and applesC. news here.D. storiesB. oranges, oranges C.

40、oranges, orangewants to see you.B. personB. chickens and appleC. the peopleC. chicken and apple40. Oh, dear. I forgot the two.A. room s number B. rooms numberC. room numbers41. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her secondA. family42.mothers couldnB. houseC. homeD. orange, ora

41、ngesD. the personD. chicken and applesD. rooms numbersD. roomt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai .A. Mary and Peter43. Li Lei has been to A. her uncleB. Mary and PeterC. Mary s and Peter D. Marymany times this month.B. her uncle s44. He is a success as a leader but he hasnA. many

42、 experiences 45. A classmate ofA. youB. much experienceC. her unclestC. an experiencewas here ten minutes ago.B. yourC. your sister更多精品文檔D. aunts and Peterin teaching.D. a lot experienceD. your sister學(xué)習(xí)-好資料46. A group of are talking with two A. Frenchmen, GermansC. Frenchmans , Germen47. The team ha

43、ving a meeting .A. isB. are48. “ Would you like? A. drink, Three coffeesC. a drink, A coffee49. The Great Wall was made not only by A.earth and stone, millions of C. the earth and stone, million of50. Last night, there was a food accident. The A. child, livesB. children, lifeB. Germans ,FrenchmansD.

44、 Germen , FrenchmenC. amD. be,please. B. a cup of drink, Coffees D. a drink, Three cups of coffees ,but also the flesh and blood of men.B. earths and stones, millionsD. the earths and stones, millions were ill, but no were lost.C. children, lives D. child, life51. -This is a photo of when they were

45、young.-OK, how happy they both looked!A. my father and motherB. my mother and fathersC. my mothers and fathersD.my fathers and my mother52. The new student is in, Grade Two.53. Today is September 10th. ItsA. Class ThirdB. Third ClassC. Class ThreeD. Three classDay. Lets go and buy some flowers for o

46、ur teachers.A. TeachersB. TeachersC. the TeachersD. Teachers54. The market isnt far from here. Its onlyA.half an hoursB. half an hoursbicycle ride.C. half an hourD. an hour and a half55. - What would you like to drink, girls?-, please.A.Two cup of coffeeC. Two cups of coffeeB. Two cups of coffeD. Tw

47、o cups of coffees56. During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs forA. fun57. SomeA. childB. wishesare flying kites near the river.B. boyC. interestC. boysD. thanksD. childs58. After the exam, well haveholiday.A. two weeksB. two-weeksC. two weeksD. two weeks59 . They are those bag

48、s. Please put them on the bus.A. visitorB. visitorsC. visitors60 .- How many workers are there in your factory?-There are two.A. hundredsB. hundredC. hundred ofD. visitorsD. hundreds of61. -What do you think of the, the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?-It sounds really wonderful.A. subjectB. musicC. b

49、ook62. There is not enough in the corner for the fridge.A. placeB. roomC. field63. comes from sheep and some people like eating itA. WoolB. PorkC. Mutton64. If you dont take more, youll get fat.A. medicineB.lessonsC. photos65. My school is about twentywalk from here.A. minuteB.minutesC. minutess66.

50、Mum, I haveto tell you!A. a good newsB.some good newsC. some good newesD. animalD. groundD. MilkD. exerciseD. minutesD. much good news更多精品文檔學(xué)習(xí)-好資料D. addressD. wereD.makes few mistakeD. potatoeD. the roomD. two pairs shoe67. Which is the to the post office?A. streetB. wayC. road68. Maths not easy to

51、learn.A. areB. isC. am69. She was very happy. She in the maths test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistake C. made few mistakes70. We need some more. Can you go and get some, please?A. potatoB. potatosC. potatoes71. Children should make for old people in a bus.A. roomB. a roomC. rooms72. John

52、bought for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoeC. two pair of shoes73. are for cutting things. A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using74. They got much from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories75. face to the south.A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the room C. The rooms windows D. The windows in room76. He gave us on how to keep fit. A. some advices B. some advice