動詞不定式用法小結(jié)

1、一 . 作主語 例如：To be a doctor is hard.做醫(yī)生很難。To learn English well is not easy.學(xué)好英語不容易。動詞不定式（短語）作主語時，為了避免句子的頭重腳輕，可以用 式（短語）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示為：It is hard to be a doctor.i作形式主語，而把真正的主語-動詞不定It is not easy to learn English well.再如：It ' s important to plant trees in spring. 如果動詞不定式的動作是誰做的，可以在動詞不定式前面加一個由介

2、詞 例：for 引導(dǎo)的短語，稱為不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。It ' s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 對我們來說每天早晨大聲讀英語是很有益的。It is important for students to use English every day. 對學(xué)生來說每天使用英語是很重要的。. 作表語：動詞不定式（短語）作表語常用于系詞 be 的后面。例：His work is to drive a car.他的工作是開車。My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是飼養(yǎng)動物。Her ambition is t

3、o be a doctor.三 . 作賓語動詞不定式 （短語） 可以放在一些動詞后面用作賓語，remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask 等。例：能以動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：begin,start, want, forget,I want to tell you a story. 我想給你講個故事。They begin to work at eight every morning. 他們每天早晨 8 點(diǎn)開始工作。Don ' t forget to lock the door. 別忘了鎖門。Would you like to go and

4、have a picnic with us tomorrow? 明天和我們一起去野餐好嗎？*如果and連接兩個動詞不定式，第二個動詞不定式一般省“ t例:'1） He wants to go and have a swim with us.他想和我們一起去游泳。（2）若作賓語的動詞不定式（短語）很長，可用it 作形式賓語。I find it interesting to learn English with you. 我覺得和你一起學(xué)英語很有趣。He found it hard to catch up with others. 他覺得趕上別人很困難。動做如m四 . 作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如：

5、The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning. 老師讓我們早晨讀半小時英語。The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games. 老師常告訴 Jim 不要花太多時間玩電腦游戲。Please let me help you. 讓我來幫助你。動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示賓語所做的動作，可以用動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：tell, ask, want, like,invite, encourage, h

6、elp 等。但在 let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, have等感官聽覺動詞或使役動詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞不定式一般要省略動詞不定式符號“to ，”可以歸納為以下三種句式：1. 不可以省 to 的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：tell /ask / want / would like / wish / like / invite /encourage /teach sb. to do sth. 例： The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow.I want you to go now. 我想讓你現(xiàn)在就走。H

7、er parents wish her to be a teacher. 她父母親希望她當(dāng)老師。2省“ tO勺不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：Let / make / have sb. do sth.Let the boy go out now. 讓那個男孩出去。The boy made the baby cry. 男孩弄哭了這個小孩。see / watch / hear / notice / feel sb. do sth.I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday.昨天我看見學(xué)生們在操場打籃球。I often hear

8、the girl sing in the next room.我經(jīng)常聽到女孩在隔壁唱歌。3.可省可不省勺：help sb. （to）do sth.I often help my mother（to ）do housework.我經(jīng)常幫媽媽做家務(wù)。* 動詞不定式勺否定式是直接在 to 之前加 not. 例：（ 1） Tell them not to play football in the street.告訴他們不要在街道上踢足球。（ 2 ）省 to 勺動詞不定式勺否定式是直接在動詞前面加 not. 例：Let the boy not go.讓那個男孩別走。（3）如果將主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，作

9、賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞不定式變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語，動詞不定式則不省“ tq即原來省勺再加上，例：The boy made the baby cry.The baby was made to cry by the boy. 那個孩子被男孩弄哭了。動詞詞五 . 動詞不定式作定語動詞不定式作定語常用來修飾名詞或不定代詞，放于所修飾的詞后，為后置定語。例：Who was the first one to arrive?誰第一個到的？She has no paper to write on? 她沒有紙寫字？The best way to learn English is to use it.學(xué)英語最好的方法是使用它

10、。When is the best time to plant vegetables?什么時候是種植蔬菜的最好時間？Do you have something to drink?你這有喝的嗎？*動詞不定式（短語）作定語修飾名詞時，與其所修飾的詞具有一種動賓關(guān)系，如果不定式中的動詞為不及物動詞 時，其后應(yīng)加上一個含義上所需要的介詞。例：I have no chair to sit on. 我沒有椅子坐。He has no house to live in.他沒有房子住。動做學(xué)六 . 動詞不定式作目的狀語：動詞不定式作目的狀語常用在 go, come, hurry 等不及物動詞后，表目的。 He

11、went to see his sister yesterday.他昨天去看妹妹了。They got up early to catch the early bus. 他們早起去趕早班車。 有時可以把不定式（短語）提前，放于句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)目的。例：To early English quickly and well, he went to England. 為了更快更好地學(xué)英語，他去了英國。七 . 不定式和疑問詞連用，可以作句子的主語、賓語、表語等。例：The problem is where to get a computer.（表語）No one knows how to do it.沒有人

12、知道如何做這件事。 （賓）I really don' t know which one to choOS賓）我真的不知道選哪一個。When and where to have the party is not known.（主語）何時何地舉行聯(lián)歡還不知道。* 不定式和疑問詞連用作賓語時有時可以改為賓語從句。例：I don ' t know what to do next.我不知下一步該做什么？I don ' t know what I should do next.模擬試題】 （答題時間： 30 分鐘） 一 . 選擇填空：1. He asked me here earl

13、ier.A. comeB. to comeC. coming2. Please tell him on the wall.A. don ' t draw B. to not drawC. not to draw3. He wanted a cup of tea.A. to haveB. having C. have4. I ' d like a word with you.A. hadB. having C. to have5. I came here my uncle.A. saw B. to see C. seeingD. not draw6. The man refuse

14、d （拒絕） _A. to takeB. taking7. I can let you one ticket.A. to haveB. have_ back his words. C. tookD. takesC. havingD. had8. We often heard him in his room.A. to singB. sings C. sang9. He was made day and night.A. workB. workingC. to workD. sing戰(zhàn)眨10. He stopped a look, but saw nothing.A. havingB. to h

15、aveC. have11. My father was too angry a word.A. to sayB. not to sayC. to sayingD. worked12. My brother was old enoughA. wentB. goes to school.C. going D. to go13. It is time him supper.D. for, to hasD. of, helping15. ItA. keptposrtaimnt B. to keepour classroom clean every day.C. to give D. keepA. of

16、, to haveB. for, to haveC. of, having14. It ' s very kind you me.A. of, to helpB. for, to helpC. of, help16. Before liberation A. wentB. goto school.D. to attend20. Your radio needs .A. to be repaired B. to repair21. My wish is a teacher.A. becomingB. to become22. I want him a letter now.A. to w

17、riteB. not writeC. repairedC. becomeC. writeD. to repairingD. becameD. wrote23. It took us three days the trees.A. plant B. planted C. to plant D. plants24. Why not here me?A. to come, to seeB. come, to seeC. came, seeing25. He wishes me my best hard at English.A. to do, to work B. doing, working C.

18、 to do, working D. do, work26. Please tell me her. I have something her.A. where to find, tellingB. where to find, to tellC. where can find, to tell D. where finding, telling不sE免語C- : ' ;腎;踞27. How happy they are A. to see B. seeeach other again!C. sawD. being seen動做動好裔都惱昭解放） they had no chance

19、C. to goD. to be gone17. He said he had an important meeting .A. attend B. would attend C. attending18. Please give me a piece of paper A. to writeB. to write onC. writingD. to write it19. I don' t know .A. what doB. what will doC. what to doD. do what28. They decided （決心） a letter their thanks.

20、A. to write, expressing （表達(dá)）B. writing, expressC. write, expressedD. to write, to express29. The officer ordered （命令） A. lying, have B. to lie, to havehim downC. to lie, havingD. lie, hada rest.30. The headmaster called on A. to work B. worked號召） us hard for our country.C. work D. to working 動. 根據(jù)上句

21、意思完成下句，使兩句意思相近或相同，每空一詞。1. He was so angry that he couldn' t say anything.He was too angry anything.2. I don ' t know when we will have the meeting.I don ' t know when the meeting.3. He said he would write a letter.He said he would have a letter .4. That you read English in the morning is

22、 very important.It is very important you English in the morning.5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. （石頭）He was strong the stone.6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday.His father went to Beijing his holiday.7. They got up early so that they could get there in time.They got up ear

23、ly there in time.8. His brother decided that he would buy the book.His brother decided the book.9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall.He hopes the Great Wall.10.I saw him go into the room.He was seen into the room.11. We made him work five hours a day.He was made five hours a day.12. Do you w

24、ant to say anything for yourself?Do you have anything for yourself?13. We don' t know what we shall do next.We don ' t know what next.14.I ' m very sorry on hearing the bad news.I' m very sorry the bad news.15. He stopped and had a look at me.He stopped a look at me.16.I helped him w

25、ith his English.I helped him English.17.My father promised （許諾） that he would buy me a bike.My father promised me a bike.18. The box is so heavy that I can' t carry it.The box is too heavy me 19. “ Lie down!” the boy said gto. his doThe boy ordered his dog 20. “ Don ' t make any noise,She to

26、ld me _【試題答案】down.” she said to me.any noise.1. B2. C3. A4. C5. B 6. A7. B8. D9. C10. B11. A 12.D13. B14. A15. B16. C17. D18. B19. C20. A21. B22. A23. C24. B25. A26. B27. A28. D29. B30. A1. to say 2. to have 3. to write4. for, to, read5. enough, to lift 6. to spend7. in, order, to, get8. to buy 9. t

27、o visit10. to go 11. to work 12. to say13. to do14. to hear15. to have17. to buy18. for, to carry 19. to lie16. to learn （ study20. not, to make一：形式主語或形式賓語 it那些未曾去過那個小村莊的人很難描繪出它的美麗。it It is very hard for those who haven 我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難與那些一貫固執(zhí)己見的人合作。the sm'all tvbilleaegne tto describe its beauty. it 動很.I

28、find it hard/it is hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions. 常需要用形式主語來翻譯的情況1、2、3、4、5、It ' s + adj. + of/for sb. to do sth.動做如作式 鐘 's so ca筲沁止ma9anIt so happened thatEg. It so happened that I didnIt ' s reported/ believed/ estimated thatIt ' s estimated that

29、 about 30 passengers were killed in the bus accident. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句 it is + that 中Eg. It ' s because of his perseverance that led to his late success. 在含有某些形容詞的句子中，如 important ，necessary ， impossible,秤嚎褒ellin mistakes in the English exam' t have a動Mumiinatural, common,.r Ustrange 等。Its likely that動如主

30、不生短避惱IEg. It ' s likely that John won1. 據(jù)報道，飛機(jī)失事是由引擎故障引起的。2. 我們已定好了規(guī)矩，開會遲到的要罰款。3. 眾所周知，中國是個發(fā)展中國家。 (It 二：動名詞作主語6、' t comeomthiosuegdhdho report 詞嚇誦沫.勤洗手是避免疾病傳染的有效方法之一。Washing hands often/frequently/regularly is one of the effective ways to(infect)avoid being infected by diseases.動詞不充分利用時間并不意味

31、著從早到晚不停地看書。 (make full use of time)Making full use of time does n' t mean keeping on reading books from morning till night.長時間看電視有損視力。 (do harm) watching too much TV does harm to one' s eyes./Watch ing TV for a long time does harm to o動Practice1.定期復(fù)習(xí)課文可以使我們更好地掌握已學(xué)的知識。 大量砍伐樹木已經(jīng)對生態(tài)平衡帶來了嚴(yán)重影響。吃太

32、多的甜食容易使人發(fā)胖。(likely )動做：句型結(jié)構(gòu)很多人身體有疾病時才認(rèn)識到保持健康的重要性。2.3.enable .盛(not until)Many people are not aware of the importance of being healthy until they are ill. 這部有關(guān)第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的歷史小說引人入勝，我簡直愛不釋手。(sothat)The historical novel about World War I is so attractive that I can這個練習(xí)太難，沒幾個人能做對。(sothat動做語不生不 他下決心不再依賴父母，要靠自己用雙手謀生。(notb)t瑪麗把開門的鑰匙丟了，只好在屋外等她媽媽。 ( do nothing but 她身體太弱，沒法從事這樣艱苦的工作。( too tto與閱讀一樣，聽力在語言學(xué)習(xí)過程中也起著重要作用。6. 人們普遍認(rèn)為，用腦越多，智力越活躍。( the more7. 正是在這個小城里，他度過了幸福的童年。 ( It is8. 這位作家生活在 18 世紀(jì) 60 年代，但他的作品到 909. 他是鑒定書法的高手，自己也寫得一手好字。10. 過了若干年那個事件的真相才被揭示出來。.5.as asthe mo®一廬*r