中考沖刺專(zhuān)題三—代詞

1、中考沖刺專(zhuān)題三代詞【主要考點(diǎn)】1. 人稱(chēng)代詞主格、賓格形式及其主要用法；2. 名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞的形式、區(qū)別及其主要用法；3 反身代詞的形式、意義及其主要用法；4 常見(jiàn)不定代詞的一般用法；5. 指示代詞的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法；6. 相互代詞的基本用法；7. 疑問(wèn)代詞的基本用法。8. 關(guān)系代詞的基本用法?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】 代詞是代替名詞、形容詞和數(shù)詞的詞。按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、不定代詞和關(guān)系代詞等。一. 人稱(chēng)代詞1.人稱(chēng)代詞的人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和格，如下表所示。 2.人稱(chēng)代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主

2、語(yǔ)，賓格作賓語(yǔ)。如： I like table tennis. （作主語(yǔ)）Do you know him?（作賓語(yǔ)）3.人稱(chēng)代詞還可作表語(yǔ)。作表語(yǔ)時(shí)用賓格。如：-Whos is knocking at the door?-Its me.4.人稱(chēng)代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用主格和賓格都可以。如：He is older than me.He is older than I am.二. 物主代詞1.表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，如下表所示。 2. 形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語(yǔ)。例如： Our teacher is c

3、oming to see us. This is her pencil-box.3. 名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。 Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主語(yǔ)） - Is this English-book yours? （作表語(yǔ)） - No. Mine is in my bag. I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作賓語(yǔ)）三. 指示代詞 指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。 1. this和the

4、se一般用來(lái)指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those則指時(shí)間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人，例如： This is a pen and that is a pencil We are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard time2. 有時(shí)that和those指前面講到過(guò)的事物，this 和these則是指下面將要講 到的事物，例如： I had a cold. That's why I didn't come. What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is v

5、ery important in learning English3. 有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，?？捎胻hat或those代替，例如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai 4. this 在電話(huà)用語(yǔ)中代表自己，that 則代表對(duì)方。例如： Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?四. 反身代詞 英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)表示"我自己"，"你自己"，"他自己"，"我們自己"

6、;，"你們自己"等意義的代詞稱(chēng)為反身代詞，也有人稱(chēng)之為自身代名詞，其形式如表所示。 反身代詞可以在句中作賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)。 1. 作賓語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作的承受者就是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人或一些人。 He called himself a writer Would you please express yourself in English?2. 作表語(yǔ)。 It doesn't matterI'll be myself soon The girl in the news is myself 3. 作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，表示親自或本人。 I myself

7、 washed the clothes（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)） You should ask the teacher himself（作賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)）五. 不定代詞 不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)將幾個(gè)常用的不定代詞舉例說(shuō)明如下：1. some與any的區(qū)別1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個(gè)”作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. . Some rice

8、in the bag has been sold out. 2）any多用于疑問(wèn)句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時(shí)，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞；可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。 If you have any questions, please ask me. There isn't any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea? 3）any和some也可以作代詞用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。 How many people can you see in the picture? I c

9、an't see any. If you have no money, I'll lend you some. 注意：與some, any結(jié)合的詞如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句、條件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的區(qū)別1）用作形容詞： 含義用法表示肯定表示否定用于可數(shù)名詞a few雖少，但有幾個(gè)few不多，幾乎沒(méi)有用于不可數(shù)名詞a little，雖少，但有一點(diǎn)little不多，沒(méi)有什么

10、I'm going to buy a few apples. He can speak only a little Chinese. There is only a little milk in the glass. He has few friends. They had little money with them. 2）a little和little也可以用作副詞，a little表示“有點(diǎn)，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 I'm a little hungry. (修飾形容詞hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修飾動(dòng)詞sleep) Ma

11、ry, go a little faster, please. (修飾副詞比較級(jí)) She slept very little last night.3. other, the other, another, others, the others的區(qū)別。用 法代名詞形容詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)不定another另一個(gè)others別人，其他人another (boy)另一個(gè)（男孩）other (boys)其他男孩特定the other另一個(gè)the others其余那些人、物the other (boy)另一個(gè)男孩the other (boys)其余那些男孩1）other可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數(shù)或

12、復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思是“其他的、別的”。 Where are his other books? I haven't any other books except this one. 2）other也可以用作代詞，與冠詞the連用構(gòu)成“the other”，表示兩個(gè)人或物中的“另一個(gè)”。常與one搭配構(gòu)成“one ., the other .”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old. She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in t

13、he other. 3）other作代詞用時(shí)，可以有復(fù)數(shù)“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some搭配構(gòu)成“some ., others .”句型。 Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. This coat is too large. Show me some others, please. 4）“the others”表示特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物”。 We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock. I

14、n our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.5）another可以作形容詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個(gè)”，還可以跟代詞one. You can see another ship in the sea, can't you? Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one? 6）another也可以作代詞用，表示“另一個(gè)”。 I'm still hungry after I've had th

15、is cake. Please give me another.4. every與each的區(qū)別。eachevery1)可單獨(dú)使用1)不可單獨(dú)使用2)可做代名詞、形容詞2)僅作形容詞3)著重“個(gè)別”3)著重“全體”，毫無(wú)例外4)用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個(gè)人或物4)用于三者或三者以上每一個(gè)人或物 The teacher gave a toy to each child. Each ball has a different colour. 當(dāng)我們說(shuō)each child, each student或each teacher時(shí)，我們想到的是一個(gè)人的情況。而當(dāng)我們說(shuō)every child和every

16、student時(shí)，我們想到的是全體的情況，every的意思與all接近，表示他們都如此。 Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.5. all和both的用法。1）all指三者以上，或不可數(shù)的東西。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)。在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。 All of us like Mr Pope. 我們都喜歡Pope先生。（作主語(yǔ)） = W

17、e all like Mr Pope. (作同位語(yǔ)) All the water has been used up. (作主語(yǔ)) That's all for today. (作表語(yǔ)) Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作賓語(yǔ)) All the leaders are here. (作定語(yǔ)) 2）both作代詞。與其他名詞或代詞并列出現(xiàn)，表示“兩個(gè)都”。 Lucy and Lily both agree with us. They both passed on their sticks at the same time. How are your pare

18、nts? They're both fine. 與“of +代詞（或名詞）”連用，表示“兩者都”。 Both of them came to see Mary. Both of the books are very interesting. 單獨(dú)使用，表示“兩者（都）”。 Michael has two sons. Both are clever. I don't know which book is the better, I shall read both. 3）both用作形容詞，放在名詞之前，修飾該名詞，表示“兩者都”。 Both his younger sisters

19、 are our classmates. . There are tall trees on both sides of the street.六. 相互代詞 表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有each other 和one another兩種形 式。在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中，each other和one another沒(méi)有什么區(qū)別。相互代詞可在句中作賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)用時(shí)，相互代詞用所有格形式。 We should learn from each other / one another. （作賓語(yǔ)） Do you often write to each other / one another?

20、（作賓語(yǔ)） We often borrow each other's / one another's books. （作定語(yǔ)） The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework. （作定語(yǔ)）七. 疑問(wèn)代詞疑問(wèn)代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑問(wèn)代詞用于特殊疑問(wèn)句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。例如：Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主語(yǔ)）What is that? (作表

21、語(yǔ))Whose umbrella is this? (作定語(yǔ))Whom are you waiting for? (作賓語(yǔ))八.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞是一種引導(dǎo)從句并起連接主句和從句作用的代詞。關(guān)系代詞有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它們?cè)诰渲锌捎米髦髡Z(yǔ),表語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ). 在主句中,它們還代表著從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞。例如：I hate people who talk much but do little.Im looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.With the money

22、 that he had saved, he went on with his studies.Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?【實(shí)例解析】1. (2004年北京市中考試題) Mary, please show _ your picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me 答案：D。該提考查的是人稱(chēng)代詞和物主代詞的用法。在本題中，動(dòng)詞show的后面要跟雙賓語(yǔ)，空白處缺少一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)選me。2. (2004年北京市中考試題) -Whats on TV tonight? Is there _

23、 interesting? -Im afraid not. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 答案：B。該提考查的是不定代詞的用法。這是一個(gè)疑問(wèn)句。在疑問(wèn)句中，通常用anything。3. (2004年上海徐匯區(qū)中考試題) _ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each 答案：D。該題考查的是不定代詞用法。因?yàn)橹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)形式，所以Both和Some都不對(duì)。Every 不能作主語(yǔ)，所以只有Each合適。4. (2004年安徽省中考試題) -Wher

24、e is my pen? -Oh, sorry. I have taken _ by mistake. A. yours B. his C. mine D. hers 答案：A。該題考查的是物主代詞的用法。根據(jù)題干的背景，我們可以判斷出錯(cuò)拿的鋼筆應(yīng)該是對(duì)方的，所以選yours?！局锌佳菥殹恳? 單項(xiàng)填空1. Tom, Please pass _ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers. A. you B. me C. him D. her2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _

25、new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few3. -You want _ sandwich? -Yes, I usually eat a lot when Im hungry. A. other B. another C. others D. the other4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _. A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs5.

26、 -Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk? -_, thanks. Id like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None6. -Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. -Never mind. You can have _. A. us B. ours C. you D. yours7. -Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? -_ is OK

27、. Im free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None8. -How are you going to improve _ this term? -Work harder than last term. A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself9. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for? -Her cousin, Susan. A. that B. whose C. who D. which10. -Is _ here? -N

28、o. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody11. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, youll have to pay _ $ 30. A. more B. other C. the other D. another13. -

29、Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang? -Yes. I have two sons. But _ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America? A. neither B. both C. none D. either14. -Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe? -No. _ of them can use a computer. A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All15.

30、 Who taught _ English last term? Was _ Mr. Smith? A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that16. -That woman has a bag in her right hand. Whats in her _ hand? A. another B. other C. one D. the other17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _. A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves18.

31、 -Is there a bus to the zoo? -Im afraid theres _ bus to the zoo. A. no B. any C. some D. none19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _. A. me B. my C. mine D. myself20. This is _ classroom. Where is _? A. our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs二. 用所給代詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. This is not my penci

32、l-box. _ ( I ) is in the bag.2. Trees are planted in _ ( we ) country every year, which makes our country more and more beautiful.3. -Is that bike Miss Gaos? -Yes, it is _(she) . Beautiful, isnt it?4. Help _ (you) to some fruit, Jack.5. -Who taught your brother to surf? -Nobody. He learnt all by _ (

33、he).6. Their English teacher is from America, but _ (we) is from England.7. Marys answer is different from _ ( I ).8. -My watch keeps good time. What about _(you)? -Mine? Oh, two minutes slow.9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with _ (he)?10. Did you enjoy _ (you), Mary and Kate?三. 用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空1.

34、 The old man has two sons. One is a worker, _ is a teacher.2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; _ like ball games.3. Lets go and have a drink. Weve got _ time before the train leaves.4. We were all very tired, but _ of us would like to have a rest.5. _ of the twins are in our class.6. Boys, dont touch the machines, or you may hurt _.7. It is said there is going to be _ important in the CCTV news.8. We couldnt buy anything because _ of the shops opened at that time.9. They d