英語學習故事

1、常用口令Common Orders起床！ Get up！上操 attention drill快點兒！ Be quick！集合！ Fall in！一（二）列隊 On one rank (two ranks)立正！ Attention稍息！ At ease！向右看-齊！ Right-dress！向左看-齊！ Left-dress！向前-看！ Eyes- front！報數(shù)！ Count off！點名！ Call the roll！roll call到！ Here！立定！ Halt！靠攏！ Close！向左-轉(zhuǎn)！ Left-face(Left turn)！向右-轉(zhuǎn)！ Right-face(Right

2、turn)！向后-轉(zhuǎn)！ About-face(About turn)！齊步-走！ Forward- march(March off)！踏步！ Mark time-march！跑步-走！ Double (time)-march！便步-走！ At ease-march！右轉(zhuǎn)彎-走！ Right-wheel！左轉(zhuǎn)彎-走！ Left-wheel！前進！ Advance！  ?。茫?！ Take arms！肩槍！ Shoulder arms！槍放下！ Order arms！臥到！ Down！裝子彈! Load！退子彈! Unload！射擊! Fire！起立! Get up (Sta

3、nd up)！解散! Dismiss！用炮 Prepare for action！收炮 March order！架炮 Seat/Mount gun！置炮 Lay gun！就炮 Take posts！炮后集合 Fall in in rear of piece！ 步操口令口令表1. Squad Fall in(集隊)2. Attention(立正)3. Stand at ease(稍息)4. Stand easy(休息)5. Dressing in three ranks right dress(向右看齊)6. Eyes front(向前看)7. Open Order March(開排)

4、8. Close Order March(合排)9. Move to the right in threes Right turn(合排向右轉(zhuǎn))10. Move to the left in threes Left turn(合排向左轉(zhuǎn))11. Move to the right Right turn(開排向右轉(zhuǎn))12. Move to the left Left turn(開排向左轉(zhuǎn))13. Squad will retire About turn(向后轉(zhuǎn))14. Squad will advance About turn(反排向后轉(zhuǎn))15. Squad will fall out Fall

5、 out(暫散)16. Squad will dismiss Dismiss(解散)17. Inclining at the halt Right incline(右半轉(zhuǎn))18. Inclining at the halt Left incline(左半轉(zhuǎn))19. By the left Quick March(開步操)20. Squad Halt(停步)21. Saluting to the front Salute(行進中向前敬禮)22. Saluting to the left Salute(行進中向左敬禮)23. Saluting to the right Salute(行進中向右敬禮

6、)24. By the right Eyes right(向右注目禮)25. By the left Eyes left(向左注目禮)26. Eyes front(向前看)27. Move to the left in threes About turn(行進中向后轉(zhuǎn))28. Move to the right in threes About turn(行進中向后轉(zhuǎn))29. By the left Mark time(踏步)30. Forward(前進)古德明征服英語之英語軍事故事，古德明，香港英語教育作家，他開了一個征服英語專欄，在專欄中專門用英語寫了世界近代史上的軍事小故事，用英語講述歷史

7、中那些驚心動魄的戰(zhàn)爭。慈 悲 的 奴 隸Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederate States of America, was captured by Union soldiers at the end of the Civil War and indicted for treason in 1866. Though many northerners bayed for his execution, one unlikely group petitioned for his release: the former slaves on his o

8、wn Mississippi cotton plantation.Manacled by his Union captors in an island fortress, Davis was freed after a two-year imprisonment, having avoided a trial. He returned to Richmond, Virginia, and thousands of admirers lined the two-mile route between his landing and his hotel.美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時，南部邦聯(lián)總統(tǒng)杰佛遜戴維斯落在北

9、軍手上，一八六六年以叛國罪名被起訴。當時雖然不少北人狺狺然主張把他處死，有一群人卻出乎意料要求把他釋放：那群人從前正是戴維斯名下密西西比州棉樹種植場上的奴隸。戴維斯被北軍當局銬起來，囚禁在一個島上的城堡中，過了兩年，得免審訊，獲釋出獄。他回到維吉尼亞州利其蒙市，動身往旅館，兩英里的路程兩旁擠滿了數(shù)以千計的仰慕者。【附注】留意indict（起訴）的讀音：這個字從前拼作indite，后來拼法變了，但讀音沒變，所以仍讀inDITE，不可讀inDICT，例如：He was indicted for fraud / on a charge of fraud （ 他 被 控 欺 詐 罪 ） 。 Bay 作

10、 動 詞 ， 指 獵 犬 追 趕 獵 物 時 不 斷 吠 叫 。 Bay for 可 引 伸 解 作 一 群 人 嚷 要 某 些 東 西 ， 多 帶 貶 義 ， 例 如 ： The rabble of angry youths bayed for an apology from CNN （ 那 群 沒 理 性 的 憤 怒 青 年 然 要 有 線 新 聞 電 視 網(wǎng) 道 歉 ） 。阿 基 米 德 之 死After a two-year-long siege, Roman forces under General Marcellus captured Syracuse in 212 BC. The

11、 city is said to have fallen due to a peace party opening a small door in the wall to negotiate a peace, but the Romans charged through the door.According to the popular account given by Greek biographer Plutarch, Archimedes was contemplating a mathematical diagram when the city was taken. A Roman s

12、oldier commanded him to come and meet General Marcellus, but he declined, saying that he had to finish working on the problem. The soldier was enraged and killed him with his sword. General Marcellus was reportedly angered by the death of Archimedes, as he had ordered him not to be harmed.公元前二一二年，馬塞

13、勒斯將軍率領(lǐng)羅馬軍隊圍攻西拉庫斯兩年之后，終于攻陷城池。據(jù)說，西拉庫斯陷落，是因為議和代表團打開城墻一道小門，準備出城談判，不料羅馬軍隊乘機沖進城中。希臘傳記作家蒲魯塔克筆下有一個膾炙人口的故事：西拉庫斯淪陷時，阿基米德正在研究數(shù)學圖表。一個羅馬士兵命令他前去謁見馬塞勒斯將軍，但他拒絕，說要先解決眼前的數(shù)學問題。那士兵大怒，一劍取了他性命。根據(jù)傳說，馬塞勒斯將軍聽到阿基米德死了，很不高興：他曾下令不得傷害阿基米德?！靖阶ⅰ筷P(guān)于阿基米德之死，蒲魯塔克還記錄了另一說法：阿基米德拿數(shù)學工具，向一羅馬士兵投降。那士兵以為他手上的是寶物，把他殺了輝 煌 的 發(fā) 明 (古德明)In 214 BC, a p

14、owerful Roman force attacked the city of Syracuse, the home of the famed mathematician and inventor Archimedes. To hold off the Roman legions, he devised one ingenious weapon after another, among them a catapult which could hurl a ton of stones some six hundred feet and a crane which could be used t

15、o capsize invading ships.His most brilliant contraption, however, was remarkable for its simplicity. Using an array of mirrors, Archimedes directed and concentrated the sun's rays onto the Roman ships and set them ablaze.公元前二一四年，羅馬大軍進攻西拉庫斯城。著名數(shù)學家兼發(fā)明家阿基米德住在城中，設(shè)計了多種巧妙武器抵御羅馬軍團，包括可把一噸石頭投擲約六百英尺的彈弩，以及

16、可把敵船弄翻的起重機。阿基米德最輝煌的發(fā)明最是簡單：他擺下鏡陣，把陽光集中射向羅馬戰(zhàn)船，令戰(zhàn)船火焚燒?！靖阶ⅰ课骼瓗焖刮辉谖魑骼飴u東岸，是古希臘一重要城邦，公元前五、四世紀最為繁盛。Ingenious是精巧的，和另一個常用字ingenuous（坦白的、純真的）拼法相似，切勿混淆，例如：（ 1 ） He fastened the gate with an ingenious padlock （ 他 用 設(shè)計 巧 妙 的 掛 鎖 把 大 門 鎖 好 ） 。 （ 2 ） The ingenuous youth believed everything we said （ 我 們 說 什 么 ， 那 戇

17、 直 小 伙 子 都 相 信 ） 。Contraption 是 奇 妙 的機 器 ， 有 時 帶 貶 義 ， 指 新 奇 的 古 怪 玩 意 ， 例 如 ： I have no use for this newfangled contraption for breaking eggs （ 這 新 奇 的 打 蛋 玩 意 ， 對 我 完 全 沒有 用 ） 。The Choice of WordOne day, John was back home after work. He found that his wife was shaking their daughter who was only

18、half a year old. She said Da-Dy to the baby many times. John felt very happy because he thought his wife chose the word Dady to teach their baby.During one night several weeks later, John and his wife were waken up by the cry Dady. His wife said to him, Darling, she is calling you. Then she turned t

19、o sleep.選詞一天下班回家，約翰發(fā)現(xiàn)妻子在搖半歲的女兒，嘴里反復(fù)念道：“爸-爸?！奔s翰心里感到美滋滋的，他的妻子選擇了“爸爸”這個詞首先教孩子。幾周后的一天夜里，約翰和妻子被一陣哭聲驚醒了，“爸-爸！”“她在叫你，親愛的?！逼拮诱f，然后翻身竟自睡了。Friend for DinnerHoney, said the husband to his wife, I invited a friend home for supper.What? Are you crazy? The house is a mess, I havent been shopping, all the dishes ar

20、e dirty, and I dont feel like cooking a fancy meal!I know all that.Then why did you invite a friend for supper?Because the poor fools thinking about getting married.請朋友吃飯“親愛的，”丈夫?qū)ζ拮诱f：“我邀請了一位朋友回家吃晚飯。”“什么？你瘋了嗎？我們的房子亂糟糟的，我很久沒有買過東西回來了，所有的碗碟都是臟的，還有，我可不想做一餐累死人的晚飯。”“這些我全都知道。”“那你為什么還要邀請朋友回來吃晚飯？”“因為那個可憐的笨蛋正考

21、慮要結(jié)婚呢?！贝笙蟮墓适翶ing Pyrrhus of Epirus used elephants as a shock tactic against his enemies. But elephants were a rather unreliable weapon because of their tendency to run amok on the battlefield.During Pyrrhus' siege of Argos, an elephant called Nicon had lost his master, who had been wounded sever

22、al times and had fallen off. Nicon rampaged through the crowd till at length he found the body of his master. He lifted him up from the ground with his trunk, and carrying him upon his two tusks, furiously trod all under foot he found in the way, killing friends and foes alike.伊庇魯斯國王皮拉斯對敵會出動大象，以收震懾效

23、果。但大象在戰(zhàn)場上有時會發(fā)狂，不是十分可靠的武器。皮拉斯圍攻阿爾戈斯時，一只叫尼康的大象失去了主人：牠主人接連幾次受創(chuàng)，從象背上摔了下來。尼康在人群中橫沖直撞，終于找到主人尸體，用鼻子卷起，擱在兩條長牙上，怒氣沖沖，把阻礙牠去路的人都踩在腳下，死者有敵人，也有自己人。【 附 注 】 Amok 也 作 amuck 。 兩 個 拼 法 都 可 讀 作 aMUCK ， 而 amok 這 拼 法 則 較 為常 見 。 Amok 本 是 馬 來 語 ， 意 思 是 發(fā) 了 殺 人 狂 ， 英 文 常 用 于 run amok 這 片 語 ，指 發(fā) 狂 不 受 控 制 ， 例 如 ： He ra

24、n amok when his girlfriend left him （ 他 因 女朋 友 棄 他 而 去 ， 發(fā) 狂 了 ） 。Rampage 是 狂 暴 地 左 沖 右 撞 ， 也 可 作 名 詞 ，常 見 于 go on the rampage （ 撒 野 ） 一 語 ， 例 如 ： The football fans went on the rampage. （ 那 些 足 球 迷 大 肆 搗 亂 ） 。亞 歷 山 大 的 戰(zhàn) 馬Alexander the Great acquired his warhorse Bucephalus when he was in his teens.

25、 The story is that a horse dealer brought the horse to Alexander's father, King Philip of Macedonia. The horse was spirited but totally unmanageable. However, Alexander argued that he could tame him.He took hold of the bridle, and turned the horse directly towards the sun, having observed that h

26、e was disturbed at the motion of his own shadow. He stroked the horse gently when he began to grow fiery. Then, with one nimble leap, he securely mounted him. Presently, when he found the horse free from all rebelliousness, he let him go at full speed without striking or spurring him.King Philip kis

27、sed his son as he came down from the horse, saying, "O my son, look thee out a kingdom worthy of thyself, for Macedonia is too little for thee."亞歷山大大帝的戰(zhàn)馬比塞弗勒斯，是他十多歲時獲得的。據(jù)說，有馬商把比塞弗勒斯帶到亞歷山大的父親、馬其頓國王菲力浦跟前。這匹馬十分神駿，但完全不受控制?？墒?，亞歷山大說自己可以降得住牠。他抓住絡(luò)頭，把馬牽向正正朝太陽的位置，因為他發(fā)覺比塞弗勒斯看到本身影子移動，會情緒不安。他見比塞弗勒斯開始變得

28、暴躁，就用手溫柔撫慰，然后輕輕一躍，穩(wěn)穩(wěn)坐在馬上，不久，見比塞弗勒斯完全馴服，就縱馬全速奔馳，不鞭不打，也不用馬刺。亞歷山大下馬時，菲力浦國王親吻他，并說：孩子，去找一個配得上你的王國吧，馬其頓對你來說未免太小了。將 門 之 后Alexander the Great was the son of Philip of Macedon, himself a great warrior who defeated the Greeks in 338 BC, bringing all of Greece under Macedonian control with the exception of Spa

29、rta. Alexander's mother was Olympias, princess of Epirus, who according to Plutarch was descended from Achilles' grandfather. Alexander was taught by his mother that Achilles was his ancestor, and that his father was descended from Hercules. Achilles became Alexander's role model in all

30、things, and he kept a copy of Homer's Illiad under his pillow.Even more ambitious than his father, Alexander wept bitterly as a child when he heard of Philip's conquests. "My father," he said, "will get ahead of me in everything and will leave nothing great for me to do."

31、亞歷山大大帝是馬其頓國王菲力浦二世的兒子。菲力浦本身是大軍事家，公元前三三八年打敗希臘，使全希臘除了斯巴達都要聽馬其頓號令。亞歷山大的母親奧林匹亞斯是伊庇魯斯國公主，而據(jù)蒲魯塔克說，阿奇里斯的祖父正是奧林匹亞斯的祖宗。奧林匹亞斯告訴亞歷山大：他的祖先是阿奇里斯，而他父親則是?？肆λ怪?。亞歷山大事事都以阿奇里斯作榜樣，他枕頭下長期放一本荷馬的伊里亞特。亞歷山大的野心比父親更大。他小時候，聽見菲力浦沙場奏捷，曾經(jīng)痛哭說：爸爸什么事都先我而行，一點大事都不留給我做?！靖阶ⅰ堪⑵胬锼故呛神R名著伊里亞特刀槍不入的英雄，海克力斯則是希臘神話力大無窮的勇士。蒲魯塔克是希臘歷史學家偶然的遺忘Raymond

32、Swing was the Berlin correspondent of the Chicago Daily News when the First World War began in 1914. He went to Bethmann-Hollweg, the German Chancellor, who told him that Germany had no intention of annexing Belgium or any other territory, and gave him permission to convey that statement to Edward G

33、rey, the British Foreign Secretary, adding however that if the Allies agreed to a peace they would have to pay an indemnity.Swing embarked for England, where he was immediately received by Grey. Upon hearing the proposal of an indemnity Grey began "a magnificent tirade" which was so magnif

34、icent that Swing forgot to say he had the impression that the indemnity might not be insisted upon. This lapse of memory might have changed the course of history.一九一四年第一次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)時，芝加哥日報駐柏林記者雷蒙德斯溫進見德國首相貝特曼赫爾維希。貝特曼赫爾維希告訴他說，德國無意吞并比利時或任何其他地方，并說斯溫可以把這話轉(zhuǎn)告英國外交大臣愛德華格雷。不過，他說同盟國答應(yīng)議和，就須賠款。斯溫出發(fā)去英國，馬上獲格雷接見。格雷一聽到要賠

35、款，就來一頓精彩的咒罵，精彩得令斯溫忘了說，他所得的印象是賠款一事，德國未必堅持。這偶然的遺忘，也許改變了歷史?！靖阶ⅰ康谝淮问澜绱髴?zhàn)假如一九一四年結(jié)束，俄國共產(chǎn)黨未必可以乘時而起建立蘇聯(lián)，戰(zhàn)后德國的政治環(huán)境更未必容許納粹黨崛起。好漢未必惜好漢 So impressed was Confederate general Ewell by the gallantry of a certain Federal cavalry officer in rallying his troops during the American Civil War that he ordered his so

36、ldiers to refrain from shooting him.Stonewall Jackson later chided Ewell for his noble sentiments. "Shoot the brave officers," he astutely remarked, "and the cowards will run away and take their men with them."美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間，南軍將領(lǐng)尤厄爾見北軍一位騎兵軍官奮不顧身鼓舞麾下將士作戰(zhàn)，敬他英勇，下令不要向他開槍。但尤厄爾光風霽月的胸懷，卻換得石壁杰克遜

37、一頓訓斥。杰克遜一針見血的指出：打死勇敢的軍官，怕死的就會帶手下望風而逃?！靖阶ⅰ拷芸诉d是南軍高級將領(lǐng)，也是美國歷代最出色軍事家之一。他在強敵猛攻之下仍能堅守陣地，贏得石壁的綽號。說勇敢，英文一般用bravery一字，gallantry是比較莊嚴的說法，帶英勇無私含義，形容詞是gallant，例如： The gallant fireman died to save the little boy （ 那 勇 敢 的 消 防 員 舍 身 救 了 小 男 孩 ） 。Gallant 、 gallantry 的另 一 個 常 見 意 思 ， 是 對 女 人 彬 彬 有 禮 ， 照 顧 周 到 ， 例 如

38、 ： Many women like him because of his gallantry （ 他 對 女 性 彬 彬 有 禮 ， 不 少 女 人 都 喜 歡 他 ） 。 西 方 中世 紀 武 士 對 敵 要 勇 敢 ， 對 女 人 要 溫 柔 ， 所 以 chivalry （ 武 士 精 神 ） 和 形 容 詞 chivalrous 也 有 對 女 人 彬 彬 有 禮 的 意 思 。白人席位 ？On 4 April 1865, one day after the Union army took Richmond, the capital of the Confederate States

39、 of America, Thomas Chester, the Civil War's only black correspondent, sat down in the speaker's chair of the Confederate Congress to write a dispatch.A young Confederate officer, shocked to see a black man thus ensconced, ordered Chester out of the chair. Chester stood up as ordered, before

40、 punching the rebel in the nose, knocking him to the ground. He then sat down again and calmly returned to his work.一八六五年四月四日，即美國北軍攻占南部邦聯(lián)首都利其蒙之后一天，南北戰(zhàn)爭期間惟一黑人記者湯瑪斯卻斯特在邦聯(lián)國會的議長席上坐下來，準備寫新聞稿。邦聯(lián)的一個年輕軍官看見黑人竟然坐到議長席上，大為憤慨，命令卻斯特離開座位。卻斯特如命站起來，揮出一拳，打在那叛兵鼻子上，把他打倒在地，然后再坐下來，若無其事繼續(xù)工作?！靖阶ⅰ緿ispatch也作despatch，但despatc

41、h這拼法較為少用。兩個拼法同樣讀作disPATCH。Rebel（叛徒）是南北戰(zhàn)爭時北人對南人的稱呼。今天，美國俗語有時仍以rebel稱南人。Ensconce 是 安 置 或 使 安 坐 ， 常 和 反 身 代 名 詞 （ reflexive pronoun ） 連 用 或 用 被 動語 態(tài) （ passive voice ） ， 例 如 ： The cat ensconced itself comfortably on the sofa / The cat was comfortably ensconced on the sofa （ 那 只 貓 舒 舒 服服 躺 在 沙 發(fā) 上 ） 。我來了

42、 ，我看到了In the Middle Ages, the Ottoman Empire repeatedly tried to expand into Central Europe. In early 1683, the Ottoman Turks invaded Austria, and on 14 July reached Vienna. Pope Innocent XI sent out a call for a "Holy League" of soldiers in defence of the city.The Pope's call was answ

43、ered by John Sobieski, king of Poland, who was put in charge of a combined force of 70000 soldiers. Because of Sobieski's military brilliance, they defeated an army twice their size.In announcing his victory to the Pope, the king slightly changed Julius Caesar's famous words by saying simply

44、, "I came, I saw, God conquered."中世紀時，鄂圖曼帝國多次要把版圖擴展到中歐。一六八三年，鄂圖曼土耳其人進侵奧利地，七月十四日，兵臨維也納?；视⒅Z森十一世號召組織軍事神圣聯(lián)盟保衛(wèi)這個城市。波蘭國王約翰蘇比斯基響應(yīng)皇號召，獲推舉為七千萬盟軍統(tǒng)帥。他用兵如神，打敗了人數(shù)較盟軍多一倍的鄂圖曼大軍。蘇比斯基向皇報捷，把尤利烏斯凱撒的話稍加更改，簡簡單單的說：我來了，我看到了，上帝戰(zhàn)勝了。【附注】公元前四十七年，凱撒在中亞細亞戰(zhàn)爭獲勝，很自負的說：Icame,Isaw,Iconquered（我來了，我看到了，我戰(zhàn)勝了）。蘇比斯基更改一字，語氣就謙虛得多

45、。一六八三年的維也納之戰(zhàn)是旋轉(zhuǎn)坤的一戰(zhàn)，土耳其人假如得手，中歐未必不會成為回天下三國演義諸葛亮吊孝的故事-中國歷史故事中英對照This is a story from Three Kingdoms. Zhou Yu, chief commander of Wu, was talented and proficient in strategies and tactics but was narrow-minded and intolerant of others. 東吳大都督周瑜,精通兵法,才智超群,只是肚量狹小,不能容人。He discussed with Zhuge Liang plans

46、to conquer Cao Cao while simultaneously pondering how to murder Zhuge Liang. 他和諸葛亮共商破曹大計,可又想加害諸葛亮。Zhou Yu had been wounded by a poisonous arrow when he was attacking Nanjun. 周瑜攻打南郡時,曾身中毒箭。Zhou's wound burst when he learned that Zhuge Liang had already taken over Nanjun, Jingzhou and Xiangyang. 當

47、諸葛亮趁亂用計先取南郡、荊州、襄陽后,周瑜一氣之下箭傷復(fù)發(fā)。Zhou Yu, with a healing wound, racked（折磨，榨取） his brains for ways to capture Jingzhou. His strategies, however, were all seen through by Zhuge Liang who even sent him a mocking message. 病中的周瑜仍想智取荊州,均被諸葛亮識破。Zhou Yu was vexed again. "Since You(the Heaven) made me, Zho

48、u Yu, why did You make Zhuge Liang too?" Zhou Yu grudgingly（勉強地） asked before he took his last breath.周瑜一氣再氣,在"既生瑜,何生亮"的怨恨聲中死去。Learning of Zhou Yu's demise, Zhuge Liang decided to go to pay respects. Fearing that Zhuge Liang might be murdered, Liu Bei send Zhao Yun with 500 warrio

49、rs to protect him. 諸葛亮得知周瑜的死訊,決定前去吊唁。劉備怕諸葛亮被害,派趙云帶五百軍士保護。Before Zhou Yu's coffin, Zhuge Liang personally offered libation（奠酒） , kneeled on the ground, and read his eulogy. Tears of grief gushed forth from Zhuge Liang. 在周瑜柩前,諸葛亮親自奠酒,跪在地上讀祭文,淚如泉涌,悲痛不已,眾將均被感動。All the generals from Wu were moved. Wh

50、en Lu Su saw Zhuge Liang was in such grievance, he said to himself, “Zhou Liang was narrow-minded and he brought on his own death.”魯蕭見諸葛亮如此悲痛,自言自語地說："周瑜肚量狹小,自取滅亡。"When King Wen decided to go hunting, Bian, his official historian, burnt a tortoise shell to forecas 0When King Wen decided to

51、go hunting, Bian, his official historian, burnt a tortoise shell to forecast the result. After reading the cracks he said, "Hunting on the north side of the Wei River is bound to bring a great gain. It will not be a dragon or a Chi(1), nor will it be a tiger or a bear. It will be a wise man sent by Heaven to be your minister and mentor." King