定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)講解

1、定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句是指修飾前面名詞或代詞的句子。關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用：1，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句從句前面的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，2，代替先行詞。3,在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。從句中的引導(dǎo)詞叫關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞who只指人，which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose后必須跟有名詞，既指人，也可指物。whom只指人，只作賓語(yǔ)。who指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)The boys who are pl aying football are from Class One.whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷?。Mr. Liu is the p erson (whom) y

2、ou talked about on the bus.注意：關(guān)系代詞 whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替，可省略。The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略Football is a game which is liked by most boys.This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 who或者whom;指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 which。在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。The number of

3、the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)He has a friend whose father is a doctor. I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替:The classroom whose door is broken will soon be r

4、ep aired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be rep aired.二、介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常由介詞 +關(guān)系代詞which/whom弓I導(dǎo)(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.2.關(guān)系代詞前的介詞的選擇Don' t bring children to see the

5、 animals of which they are afraid. (be afraid of 害怕) 注意：1.含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不拆開使用，如： look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)2.(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)介詞+關(guān)系代詞 "前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few 等代詞或者數(shù)詞 H

6、e loved his p arents dee ply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many appi es, some of which have gone bad. 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.2. where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)3. why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)注意：Shanghai is the city w

7、here I was born.PI ease tell me the reason why you missed the pl ane.1.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換When=atinonduring which Where=atinto which Why=for which(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what

8、he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken pl ace in the city in which./where I was born.172. 當(dāng)先行詞為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因名詞時(shí)，如果在從句中不是作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不可用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。(1) The reason (that/which) he gave for being late is that his mother was ill.(2) They make me think of the happy days (that/which) we sp ent together.(3)

9、 ls this factory the one (that/which) they visited the day before yesterday.四、限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式上不用逗號(hào)和主句隔開用逗號(hào)和主句隔開意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，不能刪除是對(duì)先 行詞的補(bǔ)充說明刪除后意思仍完整譯法上翻譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)，的”通常翻譯成主句的并列句限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例:(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only p erson that I could dep end on. (2) China is a cou

10、ntry which has a long history. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more po werful要注意區(qū)分以下幾個(gè)句子的不同（他還有其他的哥哥）every, any, all, some, no,(1) His brother who is now a doctor always to college. 他那當(dāng)醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵(lì)他要考上大學(xué)。（2

11、） His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.他的哥哥是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵(lì)他要考上大學(xué)。（他只有一個(gè)哥哥）難點(diǎn)分析定語(yǔ)從句中的幾個(gè)特殊的用法限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能用that的幾種情況1 .當(dāng)先行詞是 anything, everything, nothing , few, all, none, little, some等代詞時(shí)，或者是由little, few, much 等修飾時(shí)(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2)

12、All that can be done has been done. (3) There is little that I can do for you.2. 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)This is the best film that I have seen.4. 當(dāng)先行詞被 the very, the only ,the same ,the last修飾時(shí) This is the very dictionary that I want to

13、 buy,5. 當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時(shí)(1) Who is the man that is standing there? (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6. 當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動(dòng)物或者物體時(shí)Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? 注意用which不用that的情況1. 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中She made great p rogress and won a p rize, which gave us a sur pr

14、ise.2. 在介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，必須用 which.This is the knife with which John hurt somebody.3. 當(dāng)關(guān)系詞后面有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)Here is the ALD which, as I have told you, is a great help to you.在下列情況下，只許用關(guān)系代詞who，而不用that:1. 先行詞為 those, one, ones, anyone, people等時(shí)Those who are from Qingdao come this way.2. 當(dāng)先行詞后有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，或定語(yǔ)從句被分隔時(shí)。A

15、teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.3. 當(dāng)先行詞是用-body或-one構(gòu)成的不定代詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞多用whoIs there anybody else who should be invited.4.當(dāng)先行詞是集體名詞時(shí)，如果著眼于集體，使用that/which ;如果著眼于個(gè)體，則使用(1)Our team, which took the second pl ace last year, pl ayed better this year.(2)Our team, who are all under the age of

16、twenty, will do well in the final match.關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是:1. As和which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，代表前面整個(gè)句子或句子的一部分。who(1) He married her, as/which was natural. (2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2. as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句像"的意思，后邊的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多是see, know, exp

17、ect, say, mention, re port等；which弓I導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后，意為 這一點(diǎn)”。.另外，as有正如，正(1) As is known to all, China is a devel oping country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to P aris more than several times, which I don注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存

18、在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，常用which(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3.當(dāng)先行詞受such, the same修飾時(shí)，常用 as(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：當(dāng)先行次由the same修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用 時(shí)表示先行詞與關(guān)系詞所指的是同一物體，而用t believe(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.

19、that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但是和由 as所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思不同，用 as則指的是相似但卻不是同一物。(4) She wore the same dress that she wore atMary' s wedding.她穿著她在 MARY 婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。4.當(dāng)as在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如果從句中是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般多使用、(1) She has been late again, as was exp ected.(2)

20、 Tom great p rogress in Chinese, which made us delighted.以the way為先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句通常由in which, that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷浴he way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surp rising【同步練習(xí)】選擇正確答案：1. A friend is someonesays,"What! You too? I thought I was the only one!thatwhichA. whoB. whichC. whatD. whoseare

21、 written by Guo Jingming.2. Teenagers like reading the booksA. whoB. what3. She is the girlC. whoseinvention got the first p rize in the school comp etition .D. thatA . whoB. that4. Lily doesn ' t knowC. whichshe and her friends can do to help the little boyD. whosep arentsA. that; whose5. The y

22、oung ladyA. whoB. whom6. The Palace Museum is the best pl aceC. which've ever visited.D. whoseA. thatB. whichC. where7. What are you looking for? I' m looking for the watchD. whatI bought yesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whoseD. wherehave left their hometown for making money.B. how; whoC. what; whoD.

23、 what; whoseis interviewing Lin Zhixuan about the p rogram I am a singer is from 21stCentury Talent Net.【高考鏈接】選擇正確答案:2010-2013年湖南高考題目1. I've become good friends with several of the students in my schoolI met in the English sp eech contest last year.A. whoB. whereC. whenD. which2. Julie was good

24、at German, French and Russian, all ofshe sp oke fluently.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. that3.Care of the soul is a gradual p rocesseven the small details of life should be considered.A. whatB. in whatC. whichD. in which4. Happi ness and success often come to thoseare good at recognizing their own strength

25、s.A. whomB. whoC. whatD. which2013年全國(guó)各地高考題目1. John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most ofare family membersA themB. thatC. whichD. whom2. The museum will open in the sp ring with an exhibition and a viewing pl atformvisitors canwatch the big glasshouses being built. A. whatB. where C. whenD

26、. why3. The children,had pl ayed the whole day long, were worn out.A. all of whatB. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom4. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the houseI would be staying.A. whatB. whenC. whereD. which5. We have launched another man-made satellite,is announced in todays news p

27、aper.A.thatB.whichC. whoD. what6. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environmentthey live.A. whatB. whichC. whenD. where7. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an areainteract with one another.A. thatB. whereC. whoD. what8.A. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. As9. Finally he reache

28、d a lonely islandwas compi etely cut off from the outside world.A. whenB. whereC. whichD. whom10. There is no sim pie answer,is often the case in science.A. asB. thatC. whenD. where11.He wrote a letterhe expl ains what had happ ened in the accident.A. whatB. whichC. whereD. how12. The book tells sto

29、ries of the earthquake through the eyes of thoselives were affected.A. whoseB. thatC. whoD. which13. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel P rize for Literature in 2012,made one of the Chinese peoplelong-held dreams come true. A. itB. thatC. whatD. which14. Many countries are now setting up national parksani

30、mals and pl ants can be p rotected.A. whenB. whichC. whoseD. whereis often the case with the children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.往年全國(guó)各地高考題目精選we gave1.We saw several natives advancing towards our p arty, and one of them came up to us,some bells and glasses. A. to whichB. to whomC.

31、with whomD. with which.2.-Do you have anything to say for yourselves? -Yes, this is the only one po intwe must insist on.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. whenthey learn simple games and songs.3. Some p re-school children go to a day care center;A. thenB. thereC. whileD. where4. That evening ,I will tell yo

32、u more about later ,I ended up working very late.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when5.1 wish to thank P rofessor Smith, without help I would never have got this far.A. whoB. whoseC. whomD. whichyou received gifts?6. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives fromA. whichB. themC. thatD. whom7. Sales d

33、irector is a p ositioncommunication ability is just as imp ortant as salesA. whichB. thatC. whenD. where8. A lot of language learning,has been discovered, is happ ening in the first year of life, sop arents should talk much to their children during that p eriod.A. asB. itC. whichD. this9. The air qu

34、ality in the city,is shown in the report, has imp roved over the p ast two months.A. thatB. itC. asD. whaturgently needed clean water,medicine1O.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,and shelter to survive. A. whichB. whoC. whereD. what11. By 16:30,was almost closing time, nearly all the p aintings had been sold.A. whichB. whenC. whatD. that12. Maria has written two novels, both of have been made into television series.A.