2018高三英語外研版一輪課件：語法部分-專題九非(精)

1、一、非謂語動詞的形式及物動詞不及物動詞主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)不定一般式to writeto be writtento go完成式to havewrittento have beenwrittento have gone動詞 的-ing形式一般式writingbeing writtengoing完成式havingwrittenhaving beenwrittenhaving gone5Swrittengone說墓礎課前預習讀教材考點檢理二、非謂語動詞的用法（一）作主語、賓語1.動詞不定式或動詞沏g形式作主語或賓語時，可用it作形式主語或形式賓語。如：Eugenefs never willing

2、 to alter any of his opinionsItfs no usearguing with him.Nobody thinks it an easy job to have done so much in onlyone day.2.動詞不定式和動詞加g形式作賓語比較：有些動詞后只能接doing,如：admit, appreciate, avoidsconsider delay, enjoyescape finish, imagine, keep miss,mention, practice, risk, suggest等。如：Lydia doesnt feel like stu

3、dying abroad.Her parents are old.Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for theShanghai Expo during the vacation.有些動詞后只能接to do,如：agree, decider expect, hope,manage plan, pretends refuse threaten wish等。 如；David threatened to report his neighbour to the police if thedamages were not paid.I can

4、ft stand working with Jane in the same office.She justrefuses to stop talking while she works.有些動詞后接doing和to do都可以且意思差別細微 或沒差別，如：begin* start* hate, like, Iove continue但另一些詞差別很大，如：forget, try, remember, mean. stop9regret等。如：1 still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and whatI saw there.His fat

5、her didnt remember to lock the door before he lefthome so a thief broke in and stole many things.動詞need, require, want作需要解時，其后須用動詞加g形式的主動形式或不定式的被動形式作賓語。如:As you know, the young tree needs watering/to be wateredonce in a while；otherwise, it would die soon.（二）作表語動詞伽g形式作表語表示一般或抽象的習慣性動作，也 可以說明主語的特征和性質(zhì)，相

6、當于形容詞。不定式作表語 表示具體的或一次性的動作，特別是將來的動作。過去分詞 作表語表示主語的狀態(tài)：及物動詞的過去分詞作表語，有被 動和完成的意味；不及物動詞的過去分詞作表語，只表完成。 如：Up to now, he has really realized that helping others ishelping himself.The news that he has got the first prize in the English contestis inspiring.His wish is to be a teacher in a small village though m

7、anypeople donft want to be.（三）作賓補、主補1 作賓補的過去分詞，大都來自及物動詞，與賓語是被 動關(guān)系。動詞巾g形式作賓補，與賓語是主動關(guān)系。如：Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost forwords.Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medicalcircles-Listen ! Do you hear someone calling for help?2.在感官動詞和某些使役動詞后作賓補的不定式不帶to,但轉(zhuǎn)換為被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，其后作

8、主補的不定式必須補充出tOo如:My parents have always made me feel good about myself,even when 1 was twelve.The boy was made to go to bed early.3. with復合結(jié)構(gòu)with +賓語+賓語補足語，構(gòu)成秤ith復合結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語可 以是名詞或代詞， 賓語補足語可以是動詞不定式、 過去分詞、動詞沏g形式等。不定式與前面的名詞是主動關(guān)系，表示動 作還沒發(fā)生；過去分詞與前面的名詞是被動關(guān)系，表示動作 已經(jīng)發(fā)生；動詞加g形式與前面的名詞是主動關(guān)系，表示動 作正在進行。如：The living r

9、oom is clean and tidy, with a dining table alreadylaid for a meal to be cooked.Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry.With so much work filling my mind, I almostbreak down.With no one to turn to in such a frightening situation shefelt very helpless.（四）作定語1.不定式作定語有三種情況：1與所修飾的詞是動賓關(guān)

10、系。如：I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of thisterm.His first book to be published next month is based on a truestory.2與所修飾的詞是主謂關(guān)系。如：The last one to arrive pays the meaLAgreed!3與所修飾的詞是同位關(guān)系。如：The ability to express an idea is as important as the ideaitself.That is the only way we can

11、imagine to reduce the overuse ofwater in students1bathrooms*2.過去分詞作定語，與所修飾的詞是動賓關(guān)系。如：The players selected from the whole country are expected tobring us honor in this summer game.3.動詞加g形式作定語可以表示用途，也可以表示一種 主謂關(guān)系。如：When he came home he found his old friend lom waitingfor him in the living room.On receiv

12、ing a phone call from his wife saying she had a fall,Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.（五）作狀語不定式作結(jié)果狀語時，往往表示未曾預料到的或令人不快的 結(jié)果，不定式前常加only。如：Simon made a big bamboo box to keep the little sick bird tillit could fly.He hurried to the booking office only to be told that all thetickets had

13、been sold out2.過去分詞作狀語，表示主語是過去分詞動作的承受者。 如：Seen from the top of the tower, the south foot of themountain is a sea of trees.I.不定式作狀語，常表示原結(jié)果、目的等。3.動詞垢形式作狀語，表示主語是動詞加g形式動作 的發(fā)出者，常表示時間、伴隨、原因、結(jié)果、方式、條件等。 當表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前時，要用完成形式having done如：Approaching the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about10 metres

14、 in height.The retired man donated most of his savings to the schooldamaged by the earthquake in Yushu enabling the students toreturn to their classrooms.Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock,sendingsuppliestoYushuQinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.Dina, having struggled for months to find a job as a waitress,finally took a position at a local advertising agency.4.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語獨立主格的構(gòu)成：名詞或代詞（主格）+不定式/動詞- 過去分詞等，在句中多作狀語，表示時間、原因、結(jié)果等。 如：The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraftsthe most recent having been launched at the end of last March.The children went home fr