2018高三英語(yǔ)外研版一輪課件：語(yǔ)法部分-專題九非(精)

1、一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不定一般式to writeto be writtento go完成式to havewrittento have beenwrittento have gone動(dòng)詞 的-ing形式一般式writingbeing writtengoing完成式havingwrittenhaving beenwrittenhaving gone5Swrittengone說(shuō)墓礎(chǔ)課前預(yù)習(xí)讀教材考點(diǎn)檢理二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法（一）作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)1.動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)詞沏g形式作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)。如：Eugenefs never willing

2、 to alter any of his opinionsItfs no usearguing with him.Nobody thinks it an easy job to have done so much in onlyone day.2.動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞加g形式作賓語(yǔ)比較：有些動(dòng)詞后只能接doing,如：admit, appreciate, avoidsconsider delay, enjoyescape finish, imagine, keep miss,mention, practice, risk, suggest等。如：Lydia doesnt feel like stu

3、dying abroad.Her parents are old.Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for theShanghai Expo during the vacation.有些動(dòng)詞后只能接to do,如：agree, decider expect, hope,manage plan, pretends refuse threaten wish等。 如；David threatened to report his neighbour to the police if thedamages were not paid.I can

4、ft stand working with Jane in the same office.She justrefuses to stop talking while she works.有些動(dòng)詞后接doing和to do都可以且意思差別細(xì)微 或沒(méi)差別，如：begin* start* hate, like, Iove continue但另一些詞差別很大，如：forget, try, remember, mean. stop9regret等。如：1 still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and whatI saw there.His fat

5、her didnt remember to lock the door before he lefthome so a thief broke in and stole many things.動(dòng)詞need, require, want作需要解時(shí)，其后須用動(dòng)詞加g形式的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)形式作賓語(yǔ)。如:As you know, the young tree needs watering/to be wateredonce in a while；otherwise, it would die soon.（二）作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞伽g形式作表語(yǔ)表示一般或抽象的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，也 可以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征和性質(zhì)，相

6、當(dāng)于形容詞。不定式作表語(yǔ) 表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作，特別是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去分詞 作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)：及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，有被 動(dòng)和完成的意味；不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，只表完成。 如：Up to now, he has really realized that helping others ishelping himself.The news that he has got the first prize in the English contestis inspiring.His wish is to be a teacher in a small village though m

7、anypeople donft want to be.（三）作賓補(bǔ)、主補(bǔ)1 作賓補(bǔ)的過(guò)去分詞，大都來(lái)自及物動(dòng)詞，與賓語(yǔ)是被 動(dòng)關(guān)系。動(dòng)詞巾g形式作賓補(bǔ)，與賓語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。如：Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost forwords.Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medicalcircles-Listen ! Do you hear someone calling for help?2.在感官動(dòng)詞和某些使役動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式不帶to,但轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，其后作

8、主補(bǔ)的不定式必須補(bǔ)充出tOo如:My parents have always made me feel good about myself,even when 1 was twelve.The boy was made to go to bed early.3. with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成秤ith復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語(yǔ)可 以是名詞或代詞， 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是動(dòng)詞不定式、 過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)詞沏g形式等。不定式與前面的名詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng) 作還沒(méi)發(fā)生；過(guò)去分詞與前面的名詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作 已經(jīng)發(fā)生；動(dòng)詞加g形式與前面的名詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng) 作正在進(jìn)行。如：The living r

9、oom is clean and tidy, with a dining table alreadylaid for a meal to be cooked.Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry.With so much work filling my mind, I almostbreak down.With no one to turn to in such a frightening situation shefelt very helpless.（四）作定語(yǔ)1.不定式作定語(yǔ)有三種情況：1與所修飾的詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)

10、系。如：I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of thisterm.His first book to be published next month is based on a truestory.2與所修飾的詞是主謂關(guān)系。如：The last one to arrive pays the meaLAgreed!3與所修飾的詞是同位關(guān)系。如：The ability to express an idea is as important as the ideaitself.That is the only way we can

11、imagine to reduce the overuse ofwater in students1bathrooms*2.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，與所修飾的詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：The players selected from the whole country are expected tobring us honor in this summer game.3.動(dòng)詞加g形式作定語(yǔ)可以表示用途，也可以表示一種 主謂關(guān)系。如：When he came home he found his old friend lom waitingfor him in the living room.On receiv

12、ing a phone call from his wife saying she had a fall,Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.（五）作狀語(yǔ)不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往表示未曾預(yù)料到的或令人不快的 結(jié)果，不定式前常加only。如：Simon made a big bamboo box to keep the little sick bird tillit could fly.He hurried to the booking office only to be told that all thetickets had

13、been sold out2.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者。 如：Seen from the top of the tower, the south foot of themountain is a sea of trees.I.不定式作狀語(yǔ)，常表示原結(jié)果、目的等。3.動(dòng)詞垢形式作狀語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞加g形式動(dòng)作 的發(fā)出者，常表示時(shí)間、伴隨、原因、結(jié)果、方式、條件等。 當(dāng)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，要用完成形式having done如：Approaching the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about10 metres

14、 in height.The retired man donated most of his savings to the schooldamaged by the earthquake in Yushu enabling the students toreturn to their classrooms.Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock,sendingsuppliestoYushuQinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.Dina, having struggled for months to find a job as a waitress,finally took a position at a local advertising agency.4.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)獨(dú)立主格的構(gòu)成：名詞或代詞（主格）+不定式/動(dòng)詞- 過(guò)去分詞等，在句中多作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果等。 如：The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraftsthe most recent having been launched at the end of last March.The children went home fr