初中英語名詞講解與練習(共20頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上 (二）名詞I. 名詞的種類：專有名詞普通名詞國名地名人名，團體機構名稱可數名詞不可數名詞個體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質名詞II. 名詞的數：1. 規(guī)則名詞的復數形式：名詞的復數形式，一般在單數形式后面加-s或-es?，F將構成方法與讀音規(guī)則列表如下：規(guī)則例詞1一般情況在詞尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh結尾的名詞后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe結尾的詞變-f和-fe為v再加-esleaf-l

2、eaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives加-sbelief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs4以輔音字母加y結尾的名詞，變y為i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y結尾的名詞，或專有名詞以y結尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以輔音字母加-o結尾的

3、名詞有生命的加-eshero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes無生命的加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos7以元音字母加-o結尾的名詞加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th結尾的名詞加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,9以ce, se, ze, ge等結尾的名詞加-scase，oranges2.

4、不規(guī)則名詞復數：英語里有些名詞的復數形式是不規(guī)則的，現歸納如下：規(guī)則例詞1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2單復數相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 3只有復數形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集體名詞總是用作復數people, police, cattle, staff5部分

5、集體名詞既可以作單數（整體）也可以作復數（成員）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6復數形式表示特別含義customs(海關), forces(軍隊), times(時代), spirits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報紙), manners(禮貌), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜), ruins(廢墟)7表示“某國

6、人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans單復數同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman結尾的改為-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺蛿祍ons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends無主體名詞時將最后一部分變?yōu)閺蛿礸rown-ups, housewives, stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺蛿祑omen sing

7、ers, men servantsIII. 名詞的所有格：名詞在句中表示所有關系的語法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種：一是名詞詞尾加s構成，二是由介詞of加名詞構成。前者多表示有生命的東西，后者多表示無生命的東西。1. s所有格的構成：單數名詞在末尾加sthe boys father, Jacks book, her son-in-laws photo,復數名詞一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother, 不規(guī)則復數名詞后加sthe childrens toys, womens rights, 以s結尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels,

8、 Charless job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有關系時,各名詞末尾均須加sJapans and Americas problems, Janes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有關系時在最后一詞末加sJapan and Americas problems, Jane and Marys father表示某人家店鋪，所有格后名詞省略the doctors, the barbers, the tailors, my uncles2. s所有格的用法：表示時間todays newspaper, five weeks holiday 2表示自然現象the ear

9、ths atmosphere, the trees branches3表示國家城市等地方的名詞the countrys plan, the worlds population, Chinas industry4表示工作群體the ships crew, majoritys view, the teams victory5表示度量衡及價值a miles journey, five dollars worth of apples6與人類活動有特殊關系的名詞the lifes time, the plays plot7某些固定詞組a birds eye view, a stones throw, a

10、t ones wits end(不知所措)3. of所有格的用法：用于無生命的東西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的東西，尤其是有較長定語時：the classrooms of the first-year students用于名詞化的詞：the struggle of the oppressed注：不同國籍人的單復數 國籍 總稱（謂語用復數） 單數 復數 中國人 theChinese, aChinese, twoChinese 瑞士人 theSwiss, aSwiss, twoSwiss 澳大利亞人theAustralian

11、s, anAustralian, twoAustralians 俄國人 theRussians, aRussian, twoRussians意大利人 theItalians, anItalian, twoItalians 希臘人 theGreek, aGreek, twoGreeks 法國人 theFrench, aFrenchman, twoFrenchmen 日本人 theJapanese, aJapanese, twoJapanese 美國人 theAmericans, anAmerican, twoAmericans 印度人 theIndians, anIndian, twoIndia

12、ns 加拿大人 theCanadians, aCanadian, twoCanadians 德國人 theGermans, aGerman, twoGermans 英國人 theEnglish, anEnglishman, twoEnglishmen 瑞典人 theSwedish, aSwede, twoSwedes4.特殊的復數形式:1）集體名詞：集體名詞不能運用具體的數字修飾，下面的集體名詞，不能用a，one，two等修飾， 只能在其前加the表示“全體”。the police警察(指全體警察) the English英國人(指全體英國人)the French法國人(指全體法國人) 2）復

13、合名詞a woman teacherwomen teachers女教師 an EnglishmanEnglishmen英國男子a grown-upgrown-ups成人 a brother-in-lawbrothers-in-law內兄、內弟、小叔、大伯5.不可數名詞 專有名詞：NBA全美籃球協(xié)會 Michael Jackson 邁克杰克遜 the West Lake西湖物質名詞：液體：milk water tea coffee juice oil(油)肉類：beef chicken mutton pork天氣：weather rain snow wind light 光其他：news(新聞，

14、消息) bread(面包)抽象名詞：fun love luck duty kindness善良happiness幸福progress進步【注意】有些不可數的物質名詞有復數形式，但表達不同意義。tea different kinds of teas 不同種類的茶food 食品 all kinds of foods 各種各樣的食品fruit 水果 all kinds of fruits 各種各樣的水果glass 玻璃 a glass 一個玻璃杯 glasses 眼鏡、玻璃杯 名詞練習1. The _ of the room were covered with _. A. roofs, leafs

15、B. roofs, leaves C. rooves, leafs D. rooves, leaves2. There are three _ in our factory. A. woman doctors B. women doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor3. Which do you prefer _ or _? A. potatos, tomatos B. potatos, tomatoes C. potatoes, tomatos D. potatoes, tomatoes4. They are _ of different presse

16、s(出版社). Now they are having a meeting in one of the _ office. A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefs B. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chiefs C. editors-in-chiefs, editors-in-chiefs D. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chiefs5. The ant has two _. A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs6. He doesnt l

17、ike _ for supper. A. chick B. chicken C. chickens D. chicks7. It was _ hot weather that many of us went swimming. A. so B. such C. so as D. such a8. _ wonderful space they saw on the room! A. How B. How a C. What D. What a9. We know _ travels not so fast as light. A. sound B. sounds C. the sounds D.

18、 a sound10. My family raise a lot of _, including two _. A. cattle, cows B. cows, cattle C. cattles, cows D. cow, cattles11. A number of soldiers _ at he camp gate（軍營門口）. A. have gathered B. has gathered C. is D. was12. The Browns have spent a large _ of money on their new car. A. deal B. amount C.

19、number D. size13. _ work has been done to improve the peoples living standard. A. Many B. A great many C. A great deal of D. A number of14. Mr Li shook _ warmly with a friend. A. hand B. a hand C. hands D. the hands15. Two _, please. A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D. cups coffee16. I cant pay

20、 as _ as he asked for. A. high price a B. high price C. a high price D. high a price17. _ knowledge of space develops rapidly. A. Mans B. Mens C. Mens D. Persons18.I stayed at _. A. Xiao Wangs B. Wangs home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang19. Sister Carrie works in a _ factory. A. shoes B. shoses C. sho

21、e D. shoes20. Have you ever read _? A. today newspaper B. newspaper today C. newspaper of today D. todays newspaper21. Two _ walk didnt made me tired. A. hour B. hours C. hours D. hours22. The mother over there is _ mother. A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Marys C. Julias and Marys D. Julias and Mary2

22、3. Li Mings handwriting is better than _ in the class. A. anyones B. anyone else C. anyones elses D. anyone elses24. The children are playing _ on the _. A. sand, sand B. sands, sands C. sand, sands D. sands, sand25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller _. A. set B. one C. copy D. pair26. To

23、m usually takes a _ in bus on rainy days. A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travel27. We have no _ about where she has gone. A. information B. news C. message D. flash28. Food and _ are daily necessities（需要）for the people. A. cloth B. clothe C. clothes D. clothing29. My _ of hearing is not so good as it us

24、ed to be. A. strength B. sense C. power D. skill30. The _ caused by carelessness _ yesterday. Many workers were killed. A. incident, was happened B. matter, happened C. event, was taken place D. accident, took place31. The room was so quiet that she could hear the _ of her heart. A. beating B. ways

25、C. knocking D. striking32. _ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere. A. The public B. People C. Women D. Man33. He was an _ in the government _. A. office, official B. official, office C. officer, office D. official, officer34. There are several _ in this novel who are different in _. A. c

26、haracter, character B. characters, characters C. character, characters D. characters, character35. We visited him _ when he was in hospital. A. every other days B. each other day C. every other day D. every two day36. My friend will return in _. A. one day or two B. a day or two C. one day or two D.

27、 a or two days37. _ is always difficult for me. A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation38. _ of this novel is excellent, quite to my surprise. A. Translation B. Translate C. The translation D. A translation39. The police _ looking into the matter now. A. be B. is C. are D. ar

28、e going to40. The Chinese are _ brave and hard working people. A. the B. a C. / D. one41. No news _ good news. A. is B. are C. have D. has42. Maths still _ very difficult for me, though I have done my best. A. looks B. seems C. is D. are43. “Where _ my trousers?” the boy asked. A. is B. was C. were

29、D. are44. How happy they are! Obviously, they are _. A. in nice spirits B. in nice spirit C. in high spirits D. in high spirit45. I saw many _ seated in the corner reading something. A. Japanese B. Japaneses C. of Japanese D. of Japaneses46. Father went to his doctor for _ about his heart trouble. A

30、. an advice B. advice C. advices D. the advices47. We are _ and they are _. A. Englishmen, Germans B. Englishmen, German C. Englishmans, Germans D. Englishmen, Germen48. _ are made of _. A. A glass, a glass B. Glasses, glass C. The glass, the glass D. Glasses, glasses49. Ill have to buy _ trousers.

31、A. a B. two C. a pair of D. a couple of50. There are two _ in our class. A. Liu B. Lius C. Lius D. Lius51. _ is needed in cold countries. A. A lot of clothes B. Much clothing C. Many a cloth D. Lots of clothes52. They are _. A. mathematics student B. mathematic students C. students in mathematics D.

32、 mathematics students53. The laboratory assistant recorded the _ reactions（反應）. A. mouses B. mice C. mices D. mices54. This letter was sent by _.A. my father friend B. my father friends C. a friend of my fathers D. a friend of my father55. Ten years had passed. I found she had _. A. a little white h

33、air B. some white hair C. a few white hair D. a few white hairs56. I have made _ with Billy. A. friends B. friend C. a friend D. the friend57. The population of Beijing is _ than that of Xian. A. more B. larger C. fewer D. small58. There are thirty-two _ in our school. A. woman teacher B. women teac

34、her C. women teachers D. woman teachers59. He had tried everything but it made little_ .A. use B. good C. difference D. result60. You must get there within half an hour. There should be no_ in sending the blood to the dying man.A. wait B. delay C. time D. hurry61. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks wh

35、at you are saying should make any_ .A. excuse B. sense C. use D. value62. -How dare you play on such thin ice? -Playing on ice is not my _of spare time.A. idea B. thought C. mind D. intention63. Helen said she would like to go to Atlanta by air, but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the_ .

36、A. travel B. tourism C. journey D. course64. One splendid mountain_ followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz.A. view B. glance C. screen D. scene65.The new law will come into _on the day it is passed. (1999上海)A. effect B. use C. service D. existence66. When you play football,

37、what _do you play?A. situation B. place C. part D. position67. Its important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the_in language studies.A. situation B. expression C. condition D. translation68. I wrote him a letter to show my _of his thoughtfulness.A. achievement B. agreement C. view D

38、. appreciation名詞答案：15 BBDDD 610 BBCAA 1115 ABCCB 1620 DAACD 2125 DBDCD 2630 BADBD 3135 AABDC 3640 BACCB 4145 ABDCA 4650 BABCB 5155 BDDCD 5660 ABCCB6165 BACAA 6670 DAD (三）冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞（a, an），定冠詞（the），和零冠詞。I. 不定冠詞的用法：1指一類人或事，相當于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting fo

39、r you.3表示“每一”相當于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4表示“相同”相當于the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不認識此人或與某名人有類似性質的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were outThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定詞組中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于quite, rather, m

40、any, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.8用于so(as, too, how)+形容詞之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II. 定冠詞的用法：1表示某一類人或物The horse is a useful animal.2用于世上獨一無二的事物名詞前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 4用于樂器前面play the

41、 violin, play the guitar5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫婦”the Greens, the Wangs7用于序數詞和形容詞副詞比較級最高級前He is the taller of the two children.8用于國家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群島的名詞前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9用于表示發(fā)明物的單數名詞前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的復

42、數數詞之前，指世紀的某個年代in the 1990s11用于表示單位的名詞前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞，及表示時間的詞組前He patted me on the shoulder.III. 零冠詞的用法：1專有名詞，物質名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名詞前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3季

43、節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前Lincoln was made President of America.5學科，語言，球類，棋類名詞前He likes playing football/chess.6與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前by train, by air, by land7以and連接的兩個相對的名詞并用時husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8 表示泛指的復數名詞前Horses are useful animals.練習題填

44、空There is _picture of _ elephant on _ wall 2This is _ useful bookIve read it for _hour 3 _elephant is much heavier than _ horse 4 _doctor told him to take _ medicine three times _day 5Lets go out for _ walk 6Its too hotOpen _ door，please 7There is _ woman over there _woman is Meimeis mother 8 _sun rises in _ east 9 _Changjiang River is _ longest river in _ China 10Are you going to do it _ second time？ 11Washington is _ capital of _ USA 12 _Turners are living at the end of _Turner Street 13He joined the army in _ spring of _1995 14 _old man is _teacherHe likes playing _basketball after