北師大版必修四unit10不定式講解及練習

1、、不定式的句法功能1. 作主語： To see is to believe. It is quite right for you to give up smoking right away.2. 作賓語： He wan ted to go. I find it i nteresti ng to study spoke n En glish by watch ing movies.3. 作表語： To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.What I would suggest is to put off the meeti ng.

2、4. 作賓語補足語：He asked me to do the work with him together.5. 作定語： He is look ing for a room to live in.6. 作狀語： We were very excited to see you.（原因）He hurried to the school only to find nobody there.（結(jié)果）To stay with her for a while, you would find her a very kind lady.（ 條件）I came here to see you.（目的）In

3、order to pass the exam, he worked very hard.（目的）Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?（結(jié)果）We ran all the way so as not to be late for the con cert.（目的）7. 作主語補足語：Byron is said to have lived on vinegar and potatoes .The bank is reported in the local n ewspaper to have bee n robbed in broad dayli

4、ght yesterday.、不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)主動被動一般to doto be done進行to be doing/完成to have doneto have bee n done完成進行to have bee n doing/1. 一般式表示不定式的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時或在謂語動詞動作之后發(fā)生。主動：I saw him en ter the room. He was see n to en ter the room.被動：I was invited to the party to be held in the roof garden.2. 進行式表示不定式的動作在謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生時正

5、在進行。主動： They seemed to be eating something. I am very glad to be working with you.3. 完成式表示不定式的動作在謂語動詞的動作之前發(fā)生。主動：rm sorry to have kept you wait ing so long.I heard you have finished your work. Tom was heard to have finished his work. 被動： The song seemsto have bee n sung for many times.4. 完成進行式表示其動詞所代

6、表的動作，在謂語動詞所代表的動作之前一直在進行主動： The students are said to have been studying for almost two hours without a break.They are quite happy to have bee n stay ing with us till now.三、三點注意1.不定式用在介詞 but, except, besides后面時，如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do的各種形式，那么這些介詞后的不定式不帶to,否則要帶to。如：He wants to do nothing but go out.He wants to

7、 believe anything but to take the medicine.2. 不定式用在下面動詞后作賓語補足語時，不定式不帶to, 口： I often hear him sing the song.但是這些句子如果為被動語態(tài)，則to不可省，如：He is often heard to sing the song. （get）五看-see/watch/notice/observe/look at ;三使-have/make/let;兩聽-hear/listen to ; 一感覺-feel3. 不定式做表語時，一般要帶to,但若主語部分中含有do的各種形式時，to可省。如：We&#

8、39;ve missed the last bus. All we could do now is walk home.四、疑問詞 who, what, which, when, where, whether, how 后可接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語，在 句中作主語、賓語、表語等。如：When to leave for London has not bee n decided yet. （主語）Mr. Smith didn ' t know whether to leave or stay thei（賓語）I asked Professor Xu how to lear n En glis

9、h well.（賓語）The questi on was where to get the medici ne n eeded. （表語）五、不定式、動名詞和分詞作表語的比較。（一）、不定式作表語1. 不定式作表語一般表示具體的、一次性的或?qū)淼膭幼?。What I would suggest is to start work at once.2. 如果主語是不定式（表示條件），表語也是不定式（表示結(jié)果）。To see is to believe.To work means to earn a livi ng.3. 女口果主語是以 aim, duty, hope, idea, happ in e

10、ss, job, pla n, problem, purpose, thing, wish 等為 中心的名詞，或以 what引導的名詞性從句，不定式作表語是對主語起補充說明作用。His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the n ear future.The fun ctio n of Louis Sulliva n's architecture was to provide large unin terrupted floor areas andto allow ample light into the interior.The most impo

11、rta nt thi ng is to n egotiate with them about the future of the pla nt.（二）、動名詞作表語，表示習慣性的、一般的、抽象的或泛指的行為。Our work is servi ng the people. His hobby is collect ing stamps.（注）動名詞作表語時與進行時態(tài)中的現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同，但其所屬結(jié)構(gòu)迥異，進行時態(tài)說明動作是由主語完成的。動名詞做表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或情況。（三）、分詞作表語分詞做表語有兩種情況，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語，一種是過去分詞做表語。一般來說，表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞如excit

12、e, interest等都是及物動詞，漢語意思不是“激動”，“高興”，而是“使激動”、“使高興”，因而現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該是“令人激動的”、“令人高興的”，過去分詞則 是“感到激動的”和“感到高興的”。所以，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式；表示“感到”都用-ed形式。這類詞常見的有：delighting -delighteddisappo in ti ng disappo in teden couragi ng en couragedpleas ingpleasedpuzzli ng puzzledsatisfy ing satisfiedworryi ng worriedshock ing sho

13、ckedconvincing convin cedbori ng boredconfusing con fusedamaz ingamazed（四）、要把動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)看成一個整體。它有四種形式：形容詞性物主代詞+動名 詞；名詞s+動名詞；代詞賓格+動名詞；名詞+動名詞。動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可在句 中作主語或賓語。作主語時，不能用、兩種形式；無生命名詞不能用第種形式，無論 是作主語還是作賓語。動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，實際上是給動名詞加了一個邏輯主語。如：His/ Jack's not getting to the station on time made all of us worried.D

14、o you mind my / me/ Jack's / Jack leaving now?六、 不定式的特殊句型“tooto”1. too前有否定詞，則意為 不太” 女口： It's never too late to mend.2. too前面有only, all, but, rather時，意為 非?！?，等于very。如：rm only too pleased to be able to help you.He was but too eager to get home.七、不定式在easy、difficult等形容詞后作狀語，用主動形式表被動。如：One of the

15、ben efits of the new model is that it is easier to operate tha n the old one.八、不定式主動表被動的情況1. 在“主語+be+形容詞+不定式”句型中，且主語是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯賓語。這時，可以看成是省略了不定式的邏輯主語for us, for one, for you, for me等。例如： That questi on is difficult to an swer. The problem is difficult to work out. These apples are good to eat.當上述形容詞在句

16、中作賓語補足語，后接不定式時，不定式也用主動表被動。如： I found him easy to get along with. They don 'think the game interesting to play. I find the lecture difficult to un dersta nd.但若要強調(diào)句中的受事者，也可用不定式的被動式：The han dwriti ng is difficult to be read.適合此結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞：hard, amusing, interesting, cheap, difficult, dangerous, easy, ni

17、ce,important, good, pleasant, comfortable, heavy, light 等2. 在 too.to. 和 eno ugh to 結(jié)構(gòu)中。如： The passage is too hard to tran slate. The box is too heavy to move. This book is cheap eno ugh to buy.但若要強調(diào)句中的受事者，也可用不定式的被動式：This box is too heavy to be lifted.3. 不定式短語作后置定語， 且與其邏輯主語間為主動關(guān)系時。 女口：I have a meeti

18、ng to atte nd today. Do you have anything to say? He gave me some books to read.但如果主語不是不定式的邏輯主語，則需要用不定式的被動形式。如：I'm going to Beiji ng n ext week. Do you have anything to be take n to your pare nts?4. There be 句型中，用來修飾主語的不定式多用主動式。女口： There's nothing to do now. (=Wehave nothing to do now) There

19、 'nothing to see. (Noth ing worth see ing)注意：若用不定式的被動式，則表示不同的含義。比較：There'snothing to be done. (= We cando nothing now) There ' nothing to be see n. (Noth ing there at all)5. 在下列句型中，to let, to blame, to seek等用不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。如：The house is to let.這棟房子要出租。 Who is to blame for it? 這得怪誰？The r

20、eason is not far to seek.理由不難找到。A lot remains to do.還剩下許多事情要做。不同的人采用不同的說法：房屋的主人會說：The house is to let.而經(jīng)紀人可能會說：The house is to be let.以下句子表達不同的概念：You are to blame.你應(yīng)該負責/這是你的過錯。You are to be blamed.你該受到責備。blame vt .責備；歸咎于 n.責備；責任；過失1. blame sb.指責，責備某人。如：You don 'have to blame yourself.Alice shoul

21、d n 'be blamed by us.2. blame sb. for sth./doing sth.為某事責備某人。如：He blamed his father for his failure.Many childre n are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speak ing En glish.His compa nion, blamed for the accide nt, had not bee n drivi ng carefully.3. blame sth. on sb.把某事歸咎于某人。如：She bl

22、amed the failure of their marriage on him.It's no use blam ing our defeat on him.The police blamed the traffic accide nt on Jack's careless drivi ng.4. be to blame (for)應(yīng)(為)承擔責任；該(為)受責備。注意此處不能用被動語態(tài)。如：The childre n were not to blame for the accide nt. I am in no way to blame.Who is to blame f

23、or start ing the fire? He is more to blame tha n you.練： for the break down of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirit.1. This company was the first _ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.A. produci ngB. to produceC. havi ng producedD. produced2. The purpose of

24、 new tech no logy is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A .not mak ingB. n ot makeC .not to makeD. nor to make3. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music.A .mak ing herself hearB. to make herself hearC. maki ng herself heardD .to make herself heard4. I don ' t know whether you hap

25、pen , but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September.A .to be heard.B. to be beari ngC .to hearD .to have heard5. The n ews reporters hurried to the airport, only_ the film stars had left.A .to tellB .to be toldC .telli ngD .told6. You were silly not _your car.A. to lockB. to have lockedC. lock

26、i ngD. havi ng locked7. The teacher asked us_ so much noise.A .don ' t makeB. not makeC. not mak ingD .n ot to make8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _ clear warnings before firing any shots.A. to issueB.being issuedC.to have issuedD.to be issued9. I' d rath

27、e have a room of my own, however small it is, tha n _ a room with some one else.A. to shareB.to have sharedC.shareD.shari ng10. The bank is reported in the local n ewspaper in broad daylight yesterday.A. robbedB.to have been robbedC.being robbedD.having been robbed11. A nu mber of pain ti ngs in the

28、 castle are believed in a fire.A. being destroyedB. hav ing bee n destroyedC. to be destroyedD. to have bee n destroyed12. The meeting _ next week is sure to be a great success.A. to take placeB. to be take n placeC. to have take n placeD. being take n place13.As a result of my laz in ess, I failed

29、_ my work in time.A.and fini shedB. to fin ishC. and finishingD.to fini shed14.I am sorry written you a letter at the time.A.to have notB. to not haveC. not to haveD. not havi ng15. Will you lend him a magazine _ ?A.to be readB. for readi ngC. to readD.he read16.He could do nothing but for the bus .

30、A.wait, to comeB. wait; comeC. wait ing; comingD.waited; came17.It is a problem that doesn 'tneed 一right now.A.to solveB. solvi ngC. being solvedD.to be solvi ng18. There ' s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means trouble.A. maki ngB. to makeC. to have madeD. h

31、avi ng made19. I remember him the bike needed 一 .A. heari ng, say ing, to repairB. to hear, say, to repairC. heari ng, say, repairi ngD. to hear, say ing, to be repaired20. Robert is said to 一 abroad, but I don ' t know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to studyC. to be study ing

32、D. to have bee n study ing21. - You should have tha nked her before you left.-I meant , but whe n I was leav ing I could n' t find her any where.A. to doB. toC. doingD. doing so22. I ' m going to Xi ' an next week. Have you anytHnngour parents?A. to takeB. to be take nC. to be bought to2

33、3. When are they _ in their plan?A. handB. handedC. to hand24. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if theyA. have survivedB. are to surviveC. would survivedD. to buyD. handingD. will survive25. When we hurried to the station, there happened _ no bus at that time.A. to haveB. to

34、beC. havi ngD. being26. I lost my way in complete darkness and, _ matters worse, it began to rain.A. madeB. havi ng madeC. maki ngD. to make27. At _ time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning, though she is always too busy _good rest. A. no, to takeB. no, tak ingC. any, to take D. one, tak i

35、ng28. -Are you a stude nt? -No, but I used . A. to be B. to was C. to doD. to be a29. I stopped to listen, and my son seemed _ himself _ in the living room.A. to enjoy, to shutB. to be enjoying, shutt ingC. to be enjoying, shutD. to have enjoyed, havi ng shut30. With a lot of difficult problems _ ,

36、the n ewly-elected preside nt is havi ng a hard time.A. settledB. settli ngC. to settleD. bei ng settled31. We ' re leaving at six o' clockarmoiripjf the journey by lunch time.A. to doB. to have doneC. to makeD. to have made32. The study of thewild world may help to make the world easier_A.

37、un derstoodB. to be un derstoodC. to un dersta nd33. Who will you get the project for us?A. desig nB. to desig nC.designed34. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knowA. it what to do withB. what to do it withC. what to do withitD. un dersta ndD. desig ningD. to do what wit

38、h it35. We are not allowed outdoors with some other childre n.A. playi ngB. to be playi ngC. to play36. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home.A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much37. She feels so strongly that each of us should hav

39、e a role in making the earth a better placeto live in. A. to have played B. to playC. to be played38. When I han ded the report to Joh n, he said that George was the pers onA. to sendB. for sending itC. to send it to39. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears everyth ing.A. to tellB. to b

40、e toldC. to be telli ng40. There are five pairs 一 , but I ' m at a loss which to buy.A. to be chose nB. to choose fromC. to choose41. The problem is _ difficult for usA. so; work outC. rather too, to work outD. be play ingD. to be play ingD. for sending it toD. to have bee n toldD. for choos ing

41、B. very too; to be worked outD. quite too, to work it out42. -Where should I _ my application?-The personnel office is the place _ .A. send; to send itB.send for; to send it toC. send for; for sendingitD.send; to send it to43. I ' ve worked withchildrenbefore, so I know what_ in my new job.A. ex

42、pectedB.to expectC.expects44. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.A. is to blameD. to be expect ing45. _ this cake, youA. Having made46. I feel it an honorB. is going to blame C. is to be blamed'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar, and 175 g flour.B. MakeC. To makeD. should blameD. Mak

43、i ng to speak here.B. to askA. to be asked47. -What's the matter with John? - He didn ' t pass the test but he stiH_ . C. hope it's living conditions.C. improv ingC. havi ng askedD. askedA.hopes soB.hopes to48. Much atte nti on should be paid peopleA. i n improvi ngB. to improve49. _ that evening was due to his illness.A. He failed to comeC. His failure to comeD. hope thatD. to improvi ngB. That he failed to comingD. His failure in coming50. I would loveA. to go51. Zhou Lan does nA. learnto the party last ni ght but I had to work extra hours