高考英語二輪語法專題復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞

1、語法復(fù)習(xí)之非謂語動詞編寫人： 審核人： 審批人：姓 名： 班 級： 小 組： 一、 非謂語動詞在句中所做的成分成分所做成分主語賓語表語定語狀語補(bǔ)語不定式動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞二、非謂語動詞的三種形式及其表達(dá)的意義主動被動不定式一般式to do to be done進(jìn)行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done完成進(jìn)行式to have been doing-ing 形式（動名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞）一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done過去分詞doneto do：目的，將來doing：進(jìn)行，主動done

2、：完成，被動三、非謂語動詞在句中的作用1非謂語動詞作狀語(1)不定式作狀語表示目的I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired.不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，動詞不定式前常加only。George returned after the war，only to be told that his wife had left him.(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語一般式doing表示動作和謂語動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生，與句子的主語是主動關(guān)系。The sun began to rise in the sky，bathing th

3、e mountain in golden light.完成式having done表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。I got to the office earlier that day，having caught the 7：30 train from Paddington.被動式having been done表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，與句子的主語是被動關(guān)系。Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.(被動意義，非謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前)(3)過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語時

4、，與句子主語之間是被動關(guān)系。Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.(被動關(guān)系)Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.(主動關(guān)系)2非謂語動詞作定語(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動作的主動和進(jìn)行。Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mai

5、ls waiting for her.(2)動詞不定式作定語不定式作定語表未做的事情。His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.不定式作定語的特殊用法：下列詞語后常接不定式作定語：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。不定式作定語和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。There is no one to look after her.不定式與被修飾

6、的名詞在邏輯上有動賓關(guān)系。She is now looking for a room to live in.(3)過去分詞作定語過去分詞(短語)作定語與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有被動關(guān)系，表示該動作的被動或完成。You cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts.His first book published last month is based on a true story.注意：表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞­ing形式，意為“令人的”；動詞­ed形式，意為“(人)感到的”，也可修飾體現(xiàn)

7、內(nèi)心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名詞。3非謂語動詞作賓語(1)動詞afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等后面接不定式作賓語；動詞come，get，grow后接不定式作賓語時，意為“逐漸地”。David refused to accept my invitation.She has a hot temper，but you

8、will grow to like her.下列詞語后可接“疑問詞不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find out，advise，discuss等。I dont know how to deal with this kind of matter.(2)動詞admit，appreciate，avoid，consider(考慮)，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，resist，suggest等后要接動詞­i

9、ng形式作賓語。Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation.動詞短語cant stand，give up，feel like，keep on，insist on，look forward to，put off，devote.to，object to，be busy(in)，get down to，have difficulty/trouble(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，have fun等后要接動詞­ing形式作賓語。

10、I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.介詞后要接動名詞：what about，how about，be fond of，be good at等的介詞后接動名詞。注意on/upon doing sth.as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句，作此意講時on/upon后也可以接名詞。On his arrival at the station，he found the train had just started.注意：表示一種傾向多接動名詞作賓語，如果表示某一特定的或具體的行動，多接

11、不定式。I like listening to music，but today I dont like to.want，require，need表“需要”講，后用不定式時要用其被動形式，用動名詞時用其主動形式(表被動意義)。The patient required to be examined.The patient required examining.4非謂語動詞作主語(1)動名詞作主語Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.It is no use crying o

12、ver spilt milk.(動名詞短語作主語，it作形式主語)(2)不定式作主語To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.It is important to respect people.(不定式短語作主語，it作形式主語)5非謂語動詞作賓補(bǔ)(1)分詞作補(bǔ)語的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的兩大特征：一是賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞有主謂關(guān)系；二是現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作正在進(jìn)行?？山蝇F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動詞(短語)常見的有：have，see，hear，find，get，leave，notice，watch，keep，start，set，catch，smell，feel，send，

13、listen to，look at等。I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.(被動，正在進(jìn)行)過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的兩大特征：一是及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)與賓語有動賓關(guān)系；二是不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)與賓語

14、有主謂關(guān)系，多用來表示動作已完成?？山舆^去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動詞有：have，see，hear，find，leave，want，make等。Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.(2)不定式作補(bǔ)語接帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，此類動詞(短語)有：advise，allow，ask，cause，command，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，hate，invite，leave，like，m

15、ean，order，permit，persuade，prefer，request，tell，want，warn，wish，call on，depend upon，long for，wait for等。I didnt mean you to hear it.Were all longing for the new term to begin.Im sorry，I cant go out with you.I have an urgent thing to settle.接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞(短語)有：make，have，let等使役動詞以及see，watch，notice，observ

16、e，look at，feel，hear，listen to等感官動詞。如果這些動詞或短語用于被動語態(tài)，則to不可省略。動詞help后的不定式符號to可以省略，也可以保留。Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.She was seen to enter the managers office ten minutes ago.(3)with賓語賓補(bǔ)The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.John received a

17、n invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time.6非謂語動詞作表語(1)動名詞作表語時，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征。The queens work is laying eggs.(2)不定式作表語時，說明主語尚未發(fā)生的動作，或表示將來的動作。His ambition is to go to Harvard Universi

18、ty.注意：現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作表語時，通常為分詞化的形容詞。四、高考鏈接非謂語動詞是歷年高考語法填空的必考點(diǎn)。如果句中已有謂語動詞，并確定所給動詞要填寫為非謂語動詞，就要考慮是v.­ing形式、過去分詞形式還是動詞不定式。非謂語動詞與語法填空用所給動詞的正確形式填空1When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool) the house during the hot day：at the same time，they warm up again for the

19、 night.(2015·全國)2Since the plants took a while to grow，he started cutting down trees (sell) the wood.(2015·廣東)3It took years of work (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.(2014·新課標(biāo)全國)4She wished that he was as easy (please) as her mother，who was always delighted with p

20、erfume.(2009·廣東)5Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015·全國)6In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house

21、 without (use) electric equipment.(2015·全國)7I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused to stop until we reached the next stop.Still，the boy kept (ride)(2014·新課標(biāo)全國)8A study of travelers (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destina

22、tions in the world.(2015·全國)9The adobe dwellings(土坯房) (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.(2015·全國)10Mary will never forget the first time she saw him.He suddenly appeared in class one day，(wear) sun glasse

23、s.(2012·廣東)解題策略1首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，若句子中已有謂語動詞且不是并列謂語時，需考慮非謂語動詞。然后分析非謂語動詞在句中作何成分，再根據(jù)各非謂語動詞特點(diǎn)確定填哪種形式。對于不定式的考查，需注意不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)，熟記?？几欢ㄊ阶髻e語的動詞以及一些常考句式。2現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果或伴隨，且與句子主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作的主動進(jìn)行行為或正在進(jìn)行中；動名詞作主語表示一般的、抽象的或習(xí)慣性動作；此外，應(yīng)熟記能用動名詞作賓語的動詞或動詞短語。3過去分詞可作狀語、定語或補(bǔ)語，表示被動與完成；若作表語?？嫉臑樾稳菰~性化的過去分詞；過去分詞不可作主語

24、或賓語。4其次，還可以從分析句子成分角度，確定所填非謂語動詞的形式：(1)作主語，v.­ing形式與不定式一般可以互換，意義無多大區(qū)別；但在疑問句和句型“There is no主語”中，主語需用動名詞而不用不定式。(2)作目的狀語或在形容詞后作狀語，一般用不定式。(3)作伴隨狀語，通常用分詞：與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞；與邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞。(4)作賓語，通常用動名詞或不定式，介詞后面要用動名詞。(5)作定語：不定式表將來；現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行；過去分詞表被動與完成。(6)作賓語補(bǔ)足語：不定式表動作全過程；現(xiàn)在分詞表主動或進(jìn)行；過去分詞表被動或完成。(7)獨(dú)立主格和wit

25、h復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的非謂語動詞要考慮與復(fù)合賓語的邏輯關(guān)系。非謂語動詞與短文改錯高考短文改錯中，句中出現(xiàn)多個謂語動詞且無連詞的錯誤；非謂語動詞形式錯誤，如本該用不定式或動名詞卻用了原形；在介詞或某些動詞后本應(yīng)接動名詞的卻用了原形，本該用現(xiàn)在分詞的卻用了過去分詞等。另外，不定式符號to的多用或少用也?？?。單句改錯(每小題1處錯誤)1Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.(2015·

26、四川)2The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.(2015·浙江)3Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.(2015·四川)4I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.(2015·浙江)5I might have to retire again next year just get some more of

27、these biscuits.(2015·陜西)6My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter！(2015·陜西)7After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found.(2015·全國)8She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.(2013·新課標(biāo)全國)9Have tea

28、in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，which might not be served until 8 oclock at night.(2013·新課標(biāo)全國)10I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.(2012·陜西)解題策略句中已有謂語動詞，若再出現(xiàn)動詞，又沒有并列連詞，注意考慮非謂語動詞的形式，根據(jù)其在句中成分以及邏輯關(guān)系，來判斷其形式是否正確。做短文改錯時，需注意以下幾個方面：1作主語或賓語不

29、能用動詞原形，通常改為­ing形式或不定式。因在短文改錯中，只能改一個詞，如果主語是原形，就只能改為­ing形式了。2熟記其后只能接­ing或只能接to do作賓語的動詞。3介詞后要用動詞的­ing形式。注意區(qū)分to是介詞還是不定式符號。4一些固定短語或句式中的非謂語動詞形式。5根據(jù)非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系來確定用­ing形式還是用­ed形式。6別混淆謂語動詞與非謂語動詞。五、綜合練習(xí).單句語法填空1It is widely believed that (form) a good habit will benefit us all

30、 our lives.2For example，the proverb，“plucking up a crop (help) it grow”，is based on the following story.3When there was no place in the whole field (leave) to dig，the rabbit dug a tunnel right to where the dog had been lying all the time.There he found the carrot and the bone.4The doors to the theat

31、er were open and we handed our tickets to the ticket takers (stand) in the doorway.5Their lives are made a bit easier to have this opportunity (find) nice clothing for not a single penny.6I noticed a man (sit) at the front.7While she was getting me (settle) into a tiny but clean room，the head of the

32、 village was tying up his horse to my car.8Anyone who finds a dead bird with a band on its legs is asked to send the band to Washington with a note (tell) where the bird was found.9When Peter speaks in public，he always has trouble (think) of the right things to say.10Today we have chat rooms，text me

33、ssaging，emailing.but we seem (lose) the art of communicating face­to­face.單句改錯(每小題1處錯誤)1One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，have our barbecue.2Felt hungry，we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.3After think for some time，I let her copy my answers.4It is difficult to unders

34、tanding why she barks every minute shes outside.5He wanted teach me about animals，insects and trees.6He isnt good at talk but he gets on well with other people.7Gradually，I became interesting in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered the college.8Thank you so much for not only giving me l

35、ife，but also teach me how to be a good person.9Therefore，I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.10Third，we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing，especially bath water which is quite a lot，and that will save much water.語法填空非謂語動詞專練AThere is a wonderful story about

36、a young girl who had no family and no one 1.(love) her.One day,2.(feel) very sad and lonely，she was walking through a grassland when she noticed a small butterfly 3.(catch) in a thorn bush.The young girl carefully released the butterfly.Instead of 4.(fly) away，the little butterfly changed into a bea

37、utiful fairy.“In return for your wonderful kindness，”the good fairy said to the girl，“I will give you any wish that you would like 5.(get)”The little girl thought for a moment and then replied，“I want to be happy.”6(lean) toward her，the fairy whispered in her ear and then disappeared.With the little girl 7.(grow) up，there was no one in the land happier than she was.Everyone wanted to make themselves 8.(tell) the secret of happiness by her.She would only smi