高考英語(yǔ)二輪語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

1、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)之非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞編寫人： 審核人： 審批人：姓 名： 班 級(jí)： 小 組： 一、 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中所做的成分成分所做成分主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的三種形式及其表達(dá)的意義主動(dòng)被動(dòng)不定式一般式to do to be done進(jìn)行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done完成進(jìn)行式to have been doing-ing 形式（動(dòng)名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞）一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done過(guò)去分詞doneto do：目的，將來(lái)doing：進(jìn)行，主動(dòng)done

2、：完成，被動(dòng)三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中的作用1非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)(1)不定式作狀語(yǔ)表示目的I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired.不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，動(dòng)詞不定式前常加only。George returned after the war，only to be told that his wife had left him.(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)一般式doing表示動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，與句子的主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。The sun began to rise in the sky，bathing th

3、e mountain in golden light.完成式having done表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。I got to the office earlier that day，having caught the 7：30 train from Paddington.被動(dòng)式having been done表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，與句子的主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.(被動(dòng)意義，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前)(3)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)

4、，與句子主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.(被動(dòng)關(guān)系)Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.(主動(dòng)關(guān)系)2非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mai

5、ls waiting for her.(2)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)表未做的事情。His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.不定式作定語(yǔ)的特殊用法：下列詞語(yǔ)后常接不定式作定語(yǔ)：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。不定式作定語(yǔ)和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。There is no one to look after her.不定式與被修飾

6、的名詞在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。She is now looking for a room to live in.(3)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)或完成。You cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts.His first book published last month is based on a true story.注意：表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞­ing形式，意為“令人的”；動(dòng)詞­ed形式，意為“(人)感到的”，也可修飾體現(xiàn)

7、內(nèi)心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名詞。3非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)詞afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等后面接不定式作賓語(yǔ)；動(dòng)詞come，get，grow后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，意為“逐漸地”。David refused to accept my invitation.She has a hot temper，but you

8、will grow to like her.下列詞語(yǔ)后可接“疑問(wèn)詞不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find out，advise，discuss等。I dont know how to deal with this kind of matter.(2)動(dòng)詞admit，appreciate，avoid，consider(考慮)，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，resist，suggest等后要接動(dòng)詞­i

9、ng形式作賓語(yǔ)。Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)cant stand，give up，feel like，keep on，insist on，look forward to，put off，devote.to，object to，be busy(in)，get down to，have difficulty/trouble(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，have fun等后要接動(dòng)詞­ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。

10、I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.介詞后要接動(dòng)名詞：what about，how about，be fond of，be good at等的介詞后接動(dòng)名詞。注意on/upon doing sth.as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句，作此意講時(shí)on/upon后也可以接名詞。On his arrival at the station，he found the train had just started.注意：表示一種傾向多接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，如果表示某一特定的或具體的行動(dòng)，多接

11、不定式。I like listening to music，but today I dont like to.want，require，need表“需要”講，后用不定式時(shí)要用其被動(dòng)形式，用動(dòng)名詞時(shí)用其主動(dòng)形式(表被動(dòng)意義)。The patient required to be examined.The patient required examining.4非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.It is no use crying o

12、ver spilt milk.(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，it作形式主語(yǔ))(2)不定式作主語(yǔ)To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.It is important to respect people.(不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，it作形式主語(yǔ))5非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)(1)分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的兩大特征：一是賓語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞有主謂關(guān)系；二是現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。可接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))常見的有：have，see，hear，find，get，leave，notice，watch，keep，start，set，catch，smell，feel，send，

13、listen to，look at等。I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.(被動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行)過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的兩大特征：一是及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；二是不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)

14、有主謂關(guān)系，多用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作已完成?？山舆^(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：have，see，hear，find，leave，want，make等。Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.(2)不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)接帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，此類動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有：advise，allow，ask，cause，command，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，hate，invite，leave，like，m

15、ean，order，permit，persuade，prefer，request，tell，want，warn，wish，call on，depend upon，long for，wait for等。I didnt mean you to hear it.Were all longing for the new term to begin.Im sorry，I cant go out with you.I have an urgent thing to settle.接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有：make，have，let等使役動(dòng)詞以及see，watch，notice，observ

16、e，look at，feel，hear，listen to等感官動(dòng)詞。如果這些動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，則to不可省略。動(dòng)詞help后的不定式符號(hào)to可以省略，也可以保留。Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.She was seen to enter the managers office ten minutes ago.(3)with賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.John received a

17、n invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time.6非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征。The queens work is laying eggs.(2)不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。His ambition is to go to Harvard Universi

18、ty.注意：現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常為分詞化的形容詞。四、高考鏈接非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是歷年高考語(yǔ)法填空的必考點(diǎn)。如果句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，并確定所給動(dòng)詞要填寫為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就要考慮是v.­ing形式、過(guò)去分詞形式還是動(dòng)詞不定式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與語(yǔ)法填空用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool) the house during the hot day：at the same time，they warm up again for the

19、 night.(2015·全國(guó))2Since the plants took a while to grow，he started cutting down trees (sell) the wood.(2015·廣東)3It took years of work (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.(2014·新課標(biāo)全國(guó))4She wished that he was as easy (please) as her mother，who was always delighted with p

20、erfume.(2009·廣東)5Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015·全國(guó))6In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house

21、 without (use) electric equipment.(2015·全國(guó))7I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused to stop until we reached the next stop.Still，the boy kept (ride)(2014·新課標(biāo)全國(guó))8A study of travelers (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destina

22、tions in the world.(2015·全國(guó))9The adobe dwellings(土坯房) (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.(2015·全國(guó))10Mary will never forget the first time she saw him.He suddenly appeared in class one day，(wear) sun glasse

23、s.(2012·廣東)解題策略1首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，若句子中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞且不是并列謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，需考慮非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。然后分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作何成分，再根據(jù)各非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)確定填哪種形式。對(duì)于不定式的考查，需注意不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，熟記?？几欢ㄊ阶髻e語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞以及一些?？季涫?。2現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示自然而然的結(jié)果或伴隨，且與句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)進(jìn)行行為或正在進(jìn)行中；動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示一般的、抽象的或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作；此外，應(yīng)熟記能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。3過(guò)去分詞可作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)與完成；若作表語(yǔ)常考的為形容詞性化的過(guò)去分詞；過(guò)去分詞不可作主語(yǔ)

24、或賓語(yǔ)。4其次，還可以從分析句子成分角度，確定所填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式：(1)作主語(yǔ)，v.­ing形式與不定式一般可以互換，意義無(wú)多大區(qū)別；但在疑問(wèn)句和句型“There is no主語(yǔ)”中，主語(yǔ)需用動(dòng)名詞而不用不定式。(2)作目的狀語(yǔ)或在形容詞后作狀語(yǔ)，一般用不定式。(3)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，通常用分詞：與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞；與邏輯主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞。(4)作賓語(yǔ)，通常用動(dòng)名詞或不定式，介詞后面要用動(dòng)名詞。(5)作定語(yǔ)：不定式表將來(lái)；現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)與完成。(6)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：不定式表動(dòng)作全過(guò)程；現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)或完成。(7)獨(dú)立主格和wit

25、h復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要考慮與復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與短文改錯(cuò)高考短文改錯(cuò)中，句中出現(xiàn)多個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞且無(wú)連詞的錯(cuò)誤；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式錯(cuò)誤，如本該用不定式或動(dòng)名詞卻用了原形；在介詞或某些動(dòng)詞后本應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞的卻用了原形，本該用現(xiàn)在分詞的卻用了過(guò)去分詞等。另外，不定式符號(hào)to的多用或少用也?？?。單句改錯(cuò)(每小題1處錯(cuò)誤)1Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.(2015·

26、四川)2The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.(2015·浙江)3Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.(2015·四川)4I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.(2015·浙江)5I might have to retire again next year just get some more of

27、these biscuits.(2015·陜西)6My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter！(2015·陜西)7After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found.(2015·全國(guó))8She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.(2013·新課標(biāo)全國(guó))9Have tea

28、in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，which might not be served until 8 oclock at night.(2013·新課標(biāo)全國(guó))10I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing.(2012·陜西)解題策略句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，若再出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞，又沒有并列連詞，注意考慮非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式，根據(jù)其在句中成分以及邏輯關(guān)系，來(lái)判斷其形式是否正確。做短文改錯(cuò)時(shí)，需注意以下幾個(gè)方面：1作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)不

29、能用動(dòng)詞原形，通常改為­ing形式或不定式。因在短文改錯(cuò)中，只能改一個(gè)詞，如果主語(yǔ)是原形，就只能改為­ing形式了。2熟記其后只能接­ing或只能接to do作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。3介詞后要用動(dòng)詞的­ing形式。注意區(qū)分to是介詞還是不定式符號(hào)。4一些固定短語(yǔ)或句式中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。5根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系來(lái)確定用­ing形式還是用­ed形式。6別混淆謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。五、綜合練習(xí).單句語(yǔ)法填空1It is widely believed that (form) a good habit will benefit us all

30、 our lives.2For example，the proverb，“plucking up a crop (help) it grow”，is based on the following story.3When there was no place in the whole field (leave) to dig，the rabbit dug a tunnel right to where the dog had been lying all the time.There he found the carrot and the bone.4The doors to the theat

31、er were open and we handed our tickets to the ticket takers (stand) in the doorway.5Their lives are made a bit easier to have this opportunity (find) nice clothing for not a single penny.6I noticed a man (sit) at the front.7While she was getting me (settle) into a tiny but clean room，the head of the

32、 village was tying up his horse to my car.8Anyone who finds a dead bird with a band on its legs is asked to send the band to Washington with a note (tell) where the bird was found.9When Peter speaks in public，he always has trouble (think) of the right things to say.10Today we have chat rooms，text me

33、ssaging，emailing.but we seem (lose) the art of communicating face­to­face.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題1處錯(cuò)誤)1One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，have our barbecue.2Felt hungry，we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.3After think for some time，I let her copy my answers.4It is difficult to unders

34、tanding why she barks every minute shes outside.5He wanted teach me about animals，insects and trees.6He isnt good at talk but he gets on well with other people.7Gradually，I became interesting in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered the college.8Thank you so much for not only giving me l

35、ife，but also teach me how to be a good person.9Therefore，I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil.10Third，we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing，especially bath water which is quite a lot，and that will save much water.語(yǔ)法填空非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專練AThere is a wonderful story about

36、a young girl who had no family and no one 1.(love) her.One day,2.(feel) very sad and lonely，she was walking through a grassland when she noticed a small butterfly 3.(catch) in a thorn bush.The young girl carefully released the butterfly.Instead of 4.(fly) away，the little butterfly changed into a bea

37、utiful fairy.“In return for your wonderful kindness，”the good fairy said to the girl，“I will give you any wish that you would like 5.(get)”The little girl thought for a moment and then replied，“I want to be happy.”6(lean) toward her，the fairy whispered in her ear and then disappeared.With the little girl 7.(grow) up，there was no one in the land happier than she was.Everyone wanted to make themselves 8.(tell) the secret of happiness by her.She would only smi