高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解推斷題解題方法（課堂PPT）

1、試卷試卷主旨主旨要義要義 作者意作者意圖、觀圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)點(diǎn)和態(tài)度度 選擇選擇標(biāo)題標(biāo)題文章文章結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單判簡(jiǎn)單判斷和推斷和推理理 推斷推斷生詞生詞詞義詞義 12年22255113年11055014年卷I12155114年卷II10154215卷卷I13053115卷卷II14155116卷卷III111562全國(guó)卷近全國(guó)卷近5 5年閱讀理解考點(diǎn)分布對(duì)比年閱讀理解考點(diǎn)分布對(duì)比( (含七選五含七選五) )2閱讀理解專題閱讀理解專題推理判斷題推理判斷題34 5 1. Question forms: It can be inferred from the text that . From the te

2、xt we know that is most likely . When the writer talks about , what the writer really means is . The writer suggests that . The story implies that . We can infer conclude from the passage that . 這類題干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)。2.技巧點(diǎn)撥技巧點(diǎn)撥1).找到信息源找到信息源 2).忠實(shí)原文忠實(shí)原文3).不要選擇表層信息不要選擇表層信息6The

3、 passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment, it was _. A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insectsOne day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shopassistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozenroaches（蟑螂）（蟑螂） a

4、nd two spiders（蜘蛛）（蜘蛛）.”“What do youneed these things for?” the shop assistant was verysurprised. Well” replied the man，“Im moving out ofmy apartment and the landlord insists that I should leavethe house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”實(shí)例透析1.72. It is fun to turn over a big rock on the

5、beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it. If you dont turn it back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）（依附）the underside will die. The passage implies that rocks _. hurt sea animals protect sea animalsC. wont be found on beaches D. cant be

6、 found on beaches實(shí)例透析2.81. 問(wèn)題特點(diǎn)問(wèn)題特點(diǎn)：題干中通常含有題干中通常含有attitude, view ,opinion, think of, think about, in the authors opinion/mind等標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)等標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ).910說(shuō)明作者的態(tài)度: (1) objective (2) positive (3) negative (4) neutral (5) approval (6) disapproval(7) indifferent (8) ironic (9) critical (10) optimistic (11) pessimist

7、ic (12) cautious客觀的客觀的消極的消極的漠不關(guān)心的漠不關(guān)心的贊成的贊成的不贊成的不贊成的樂(lè)觀的樂(lè)觀的悲觀的悲觀的積極的積極的諷刺的諷刺的批評(píng)的批評(píng)的中立的中立的謹(jǐn)慎的謹(jǐn)慎的113. Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder, bribery(行賄行賄), and death. Frankly，Im sick of all the bad news. This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _.

8、 A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform12 4. Why do people take part in such dangerous activities ? Some psychologists suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, peoples lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food

9、, diseases could not easily be cured and life was a continuous battle for survival. Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in safe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer

10、for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping. The writer of the text has a _ attitude towards dangerous sports. A. positive B. negative C. neutral D. nervous131. Question forms:(1) 考查整篇文章的寫(xiě)作目的A. The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _.B. What is the

11、 purpose of writing this article?C. In writing the passage, the author intends to _.142. 技巧點(diǎn)撥技巧點(diǎn)撥 (1) 從從文體類別文體類別來(lái)推斷寫(xiě)作目的來(lái)推斷寫(xiě)作目的(2) 從從寫(xiě)作手法寫(xiě)作手法來(lái)推斷寫(xiě)作目的來(lái)推斷寫(xiě)作目的(3) 根據(jù)根據(jù)主題句主題句推斷寫(xiě)作目的推斷寫(xiě)作目的152. 常見(jiàn)的寫(xiě)作目的歸納常見(jiàn)的寫(xiě)作目的歸納不同的文章可能有不同的寫(xiě)作目的, 但寫(xiě)作目的通常有以下三種：(1) to entertain readers（娛樂(lè)讀者，讓人發(fā)笑）(2) to persuade readers（說(shuō)服讀者接受某種

12、觀點(diǎn)）(3) to inform readers（告知讀者某些信息）常見(jiàn)于常見(jiàn)于故事類故事類的文章。的文章。to make people laugh; to tell an interesting experience常見(jiàn)于常見(jiàn)于廣告類廣告類的文章。的文章。to sell a product or a service; to attract more visitors / readers / audience多見(jiàn)于多見(jiàn)于科普類科普類新聞報(bào)道類新聞報(bào)道類文化類或文化類或社會(huì)類社會(huì)類的文章的文章.16 “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it li

13、fted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passag

14、e to _. A. test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer them17 A young man married a young woman. They lived with the mans big family. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took

15、 a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar. Three months later the woman went back to her parents home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from t

16、he house. It went to the womans home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husbands home. 18 The writer wrote the story in order to_. A. show that elephants are very clever B. tell how a wo

17、man trained a wild animal C. show that women care more for animals than men do D. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife19 A young man married a young woman. They lived with the mans big family. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she f

18、ed it with fruit and sugar. Three months later the woman went back to her parents home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house. It went to the womans ho

19、me. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husbands home. 20 The writer wrote the story in order to _. A. show that elephants are very clever B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal C. show

20、 that women care more for animals than men do D. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife21 45. What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A. To call peoples attention to ocean pollution. B. To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean. C. To explain a unique way of studying

21、ocean currents. D. To give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beach. Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流洋流). Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way - by studying movemen

22、ts of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap me

23、ets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.(2(2分鐘分鐘) )真題鏈接真題鏈接【20142014年廣東卷年廣東卷】722【技巧點(diǎn)撥技巧點(diǎn)撥】1.段落中出現(xiàn)段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(yǔ)的詞語(yǔ)(如如however, but, in fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等等)時(shí)，其后的句子很可能是主題句。時(shí)，其后的句子很可能是主題句。 3.表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的話常有表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的話常有therefore， thus， in short， conclude， co

24、nclusion等。等。23 1. Question forms:The passage is most likely to be taken from_.Where would this passage most probably appear?The passage is most likely a part of _.242. 解題技巧解題技巧這類問(wèn)題應(yīng)從文章的這類問(wèn)題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容內(nèi)容或或結(jié)構(gòu)或典型的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或典型的句子來(lái)來(lái)判斷其出處：判斷其出處：(1) 報(bào)紙：報(bào)紙：前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱 (2) 廣告：廣告：因其格式特殊，容易辨認(rèn)因其格式特殊

25、，容易辨認(rèn) (3) 產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明：產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明：器皿、設(shè)備的使用說(shuō)明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名器皿、設(shè)備的使用說(shuō)明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式，而藥品的服用說(shuō)明會(huì)告知服用時(shí)稱或操作方式，而藥品的服用說(shuō)明會(huì)告知服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量等間、次數(shù)、藥量等(4)網(wǎng)絡(luò)：網(wǎng)絡(luò)：wwwcom, blog , ebooks, click here，Internet，update25 Dont wander aimlessly through life. Get confused on your goals, start helping others in need, and live life to the fullest! Life is

26、 too short to be anything but happy. Visit my blog and find what youve been missing. Sign up for my newsletter and get seven free ebooks, too! Read hundreds of articles while youre there in the article section, which is updated daily.(浙江卷)This text must be taken from _A a radio program B. a websiteC

27、. a newspaper D. a TV program26 Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. To reduce pain, take two tablets with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours,

28、as required. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount. For children under six years old, ask your doctors advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine. This text is most

29、probably taken from a _. A. medical book B. newspaper C. doctors notebook D. bottle of medicine271. Question forms:The next paragraph would most probably deal with _The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss _.282. 解題技巧解題技巧做這類題時(shí)應(yīng)把握作者的做這類題時(shí)應(yīng)把握作者的寫(xiě)作思路寫(xiě)作思路(如如文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過(guò)描寫(xiě)，也可文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)

30、過(guò)描寫(xiě)，也可能按因果關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系來(lái)敘述能按因果關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系來(lái)敘述)，要把，要把握句、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語(yǔ)篇的握句、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)構(gòu)。摸準(zhǔn)邏輯發(fā)展的方向，從而作出結(jié)構(gòu)。摸準(zhǔn)邏輯發(fā)展的方向，從而作出比較科學(xué)的、合情合理的預(yù)測(cè)。比較科學(xué)的、合情合理的預(yù)測(cè)。299. When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings. When humans learn

31、ed to make fire, however, they became capable of changing their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they cut down trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater area for the wild animals that humans fed upon. This d

32、evelopment led to farming. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities. （3分鐘）T

33、he paragraph following this passage would most likely be about _. A. fire B. hunting C. farming D. urbanization(城市化)30 According to these rules, what statement shouldnt we choose?1.備選項(xiàng)的中心詞備選項(xiàng)的中心詞背離文章背離文章的主題思想的主題思想2.文中敘述的是文中敘述的是事實(shí)事實(shí)3.文中沒(méi)依據(jù)文中沒(méi)依據(jù)主觀臆斷主觀臆斷4.太太絕對(duì)絕對(duì)或太或太片面片面5.偷換偷換概念概念31Practice makes perfec

34、t.321. When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,“ Are you single?” “Why, yes. I answered, smiling at her happily. “So is my mother. sh

35、e said, “Would you like to meet her? 高考鏈接.33 1. The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_. A. she was young B. she was beautiful C. it a pleasure to make friends with her D. it strange for her to fall in love with him 2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_. A.

36、 she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much高考鏈接.342.Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking mea

37、nt that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called the deathwatch beetle. It can be inferred from the text that the sound of this beetle _.A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people.35 What can we know from the last paragraph? A. Mary feels pity for hers

38、elf. B. Mary has recovered from her disease. C. Mary wants to help others as much as possible. D. Mary determines to go back to the dance floor. Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forced her to the sidelines of the dance floor, she refuses to fall into self-pity. “Everybody on earth

39、can ask, why me? about something or other,” she insists. “It doesnt do any good. No one is immune (免疫的免疫的) to heartache pain, and disappointments. Sometimes we can make things better by helping others. Ive come to realize the importance of that as Ive grown up this second time. I want to speak out a

40、nd be as helpful as I can be.”高考鏈接-湖南卷436 What can we infer from the last sentence of the text ?A. Happiness comes from peaceful life in the countryB. Health is more important than moneyC. The harmony between man and nature is important D. Good old days will never be forgottenThen the people realize

41、d what was happening. It was thefrog. They hadnt been useless.They had been doing animportant job-eating insects. With so many frogskilled, the insects were increasing more rapidly. They weredamaging the crops and spreading diseases. Now, the people are still poor.But in the evenings they sitin the

42、village square and listen to sounds of insects andfrogs. These sounds of the night now have a much deepermeaning . 高考鏈接-遼寧卷5topic sentence37 Just as crying can be healthy, not cryingholding back tears of anger, pain or sufferingcan be bad for physical(身體的身體的) health. Studies have shown that too much

43、 control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, dont fight it. Its a naturaland healthyemotional response(反應(yīng)反應(yīng)). ） According to the author, which of the following statements is true?A. Crying is the best way to get help from others.B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.386. Mor