初中語(yǔ)法冠詞通講

1、初中語(yǔ)法冠詞通講(一) 知識(shí)概要冠詞在英語(yǔ)中只有3個(gè)詞，分為兩類(lèi)：不定冠詞a與an，定冠詞the。 a用在以輔音開(kāi)始的單數(shù)名詞前，an用于以元音開(kāi)始的單詞前。不定冠詞用來(lái)表示一類(lèi)事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠詞則用于特指的某一個(gè)或某些事物，可用于不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前。(二) 正誤辨析誤This building is an university.正This building is a university.析a用于以輔音音素開(kāi)始的單詞前，而an用于以元音音素開(kāi)始的單詞前，而不是元音字母開(kāi)頭的單詞前。university的第一個(gè)音素是j，所以用a而不要用an。又如：There

2、is a “n” in the word.是錯(cuò)句，應(yīng)為：There is an “n”in the word.因字母n的發(fā)音的第一個(gè)音素是元音。要注意的還有hour因其第一個(gè)字母h不發(fā)音，所以應(yīng)該用an hour。例如：I need an hour to finish the work.It is a useful dictionary.It is a European country.I bought a used car.誤I need a umbrella because it looks like raining.正I need an umbrella because it looks

3、 like raining.析因umbrella的第一個(gè)音素是元音，所以應(yīng)用an.常用的情況有：an old man, an English teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy。誤“Can you help me” “Sorry, I'm in hurry.”正“Can you help me” “Sorry. I'm in a hurry.”析不定冠詞的主要用法如下：1. 用來(lái)表示一類(lèi)人或事物，如：She is a teacher.2. 指某一類(lèi)人或事物中的一個(gè)，如：An elephant is

4、bigger than a horse.3. 泛指某一人或事物，如：A man is waiting for you at the school gate.4. 相當(dāng)于“one”的概念，如：I just bought a new dictionary.5. 其主要的難點(diǎn)是用在固定詞組中：如：have a walk/a rest /a look又如：in a hurry 匆匆忙忙make a face 作鬼臉do somebody a favour 幫某人忙a number of =many又如：have a good time (玩得好)have a cold (感冒)have a heada

5、che (頭痛)have a break=have a rest誤I bought the dictionary yesterday. A dictionary is very good.正I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good.析在文章中第一次提到某物時(shí)用不定冠詞，而第二次提到時(shí)用定冠詞。誤Please turn off lights before you leave.正Please turn off the lights before you leave.析雖然是第一次提到某物但說(shuō)話(huà)雙方均知其所指，也應(yīng)用定冠

6、詞。誤There are nine planets around a sun.正There are nine planets around the sun.析世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的天體等名詞前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如：the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea.誤I live on a second floor of this building.正I live on the second floor of this building.析在序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級(jí)前要用定冠詞。如：He is the oldest in the family.誤I want to le

7、arn the second language this term.正I want to learn a second language this term.析在序數(shù)詞的含意不是順序中的第一第二，而其意在于再學(xué)一個(gè)，再來(lái)一個(gè)時(shí)，應(yīng)用a，本句的意思應(yīng)為：這學(xué)期我要學(xué)一門(mén)第二外語(yǔ)。誤Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.正The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.析在河流名稱(chēng)前應(yīng)加定冠詞，如：the Yellow River(黃河)。誤Look, ther

8、e are Alp.誤Look, there are the Alp.正Look, there are the Alps.析具體的某一座山不加定冠詞，如：Mountain Tai.但在山名稱(chēng)前加定冠詞后，其山名要加s，來(lái)表示山脈。the Alps即為阿爾卑斯山脈。如:The Alps are in the center of Europe.誤Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.正The Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.析報(bào)刊名稱(chēng)前應(yīng)加定冠詞。誤Rich are

9、 not always happy.正The rich are not always happy.析在形容詞前加定冠詞表示一類(lèi)人，而在姓的前面加定冠詞，姓后加s表示某一家，如：The turners are going to move to New York.誤I like to eat bread for breakfast. Bread sells in this shop is very good.正I like to eat bread for breakfast. The bread sells in this shop is very good.析物質(zhì)名詞特指時(shí)也應(yīng)加定冠詞。誤Th

10、e sun rises in east.正The sun rises in the east.析在方向、方位前應(yīng)用定冠詞，如：in the east, in the west, in the north, in the south, in the direction 及in the past, in the future誤Do you know who invented telephone正Do you know who invented the telephone析在特定和專(zhuān)有事物或名稱(chēng)前要加定冠詞，如：the English Channel 英吉利海峽the Panama Canal 巴拿

11、馬運(yùn)河the Suez Canal 蘇伊士運(yùn)河誤Would you please buy some food for the supper正Would you please buy some food for supper析泛指一日三餐前無(wú)定冠詞。誤I like to climb the mountain in the autumn.正I like to climb the mountain in autumn.析一年四季前不用定冠詞，如：Spring is the best season in a year.誤Sometimes my parents come to school to se

12、e me.正Sometimes my parents come to the school to see me.析有些名詞被用作其本身原來(lái)所含目的時(shí)不加冠詞，如：go to school上學(xué)，leave school(輟學(xué))，after school(放學(xué))，但如果當(dāng)建筑物講時(shí)應(yīng)加冠詞，如例句中其父母來(lái)校不是上學(xué)，而是看望孩子，則要加定冠詞。又如，He was in hospital for two days.(他在醫(yī)院住院兩天了。)而：He went to the hospital to see his mother.他去醫(yī)院看望他的母親。誤I bought a same dictionar

13、y as she bought.正I bought the same dictionary as she bought.析在慣用法the same, the only, the very前的定冠詞不可換為不定冠詞。誤The police caught the thief by his arm.正The police caught the thief by the arm.析這是英文表達(dá)法與中文的明顯不同之處，也是初學(xué)者極易忽視之處。在英語(yǔ)中的某些動(dòng)詞，如：catch(抓)，take(拿)，strike (打),pat(拍)，hit(擊)，hold(握)，pull(拉)動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)加人，再加介詞on

14、, by, in, with之后要加定冠詞，再加人體的某一部位。這時(shí)的定冠詞千萬(wàn)不要換作his, her, their, 等詞。誤He was paid by hour.正He was paid by the hour.析by和計(jì)量單位之間要有定冠詞。這句話(huà)應(yīng)譯為：他的工資是按小時(shí)計(jì)算的。誤I went to New York by his car.正I went to New York by car.正I went to New York in his car.析by僅僅與交通工具相連表示應(yīng)用某種工具，而加了別的修飾詞后其前面的介詞也應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)換。如：by car (坐小汽車(chē))by tax

15、i (坐出租車(chē))by bike (騎自行車(chē))by water (乘船)by air (乘飛機(jī))by sea (乘船)誤Mary began to learn how to play piano when she was three.正Mary began to learn how to play the piano when she was three.析在樂(lè)器前要加定冠詞，而在球類(lèi)游戲之前則不要加冠詞，如：They like to play bridge when they are free. (他們空閑時(shí)愛(ài)打橋牌)誤The little boy wanted to go to cinema

16、.正The little boy wanted to go to the cinema.析英語(yǔ)中雖有一些名詞與go to連用時(shí)不加定冠詞，以表示該名詞的內(nèi)涵，如：go to school (上學(xué))，go to bed(睡覺(jué))等，但去看電影則例外，要用go to the cinema.這也是語(yǔ)言的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。誤I live at 105 the Lake street.正I live at 105 Lake Street.析街道名稱(chēng)前不用冠詞。誤Next summer holiday I will go to country to live on a farm.正Next summer holid

17、ay I will go to the country to live on a farm.析country既作國(guó)家講也作鄉(xiāng)村講。作鄉(xiāng)村講時(shí)，一定要加定冠詞，而且只有單數(shù)形式，作國(guó)家講時(shí)則可有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Japan is a country .Japan, China, India are Asian countries.誤The picture looks better at the distance.正The picture looks better at a distance.析at a distance意為“離開(kāi)一定距離”。而in the distance為“遠(yuǎn)方，遠(yuǎn)處”。這樣常用的

18、詞組有：as a rule (照例)in a hurry (匆忙)in the morning/afternoon (上/下午)in the sun (在陽(yáng)光下)in the rain (雨中)in the same way (同樣)in the shade (在陰涼處)in the day time (白天)in the end (最終)on the other hand (換句話(huà)說(shuō))on the contrary (相反)誤The little boy and girl walk along the street a hand in a hand.正The little boy and g

19、irl walk along the street hand in hand.析這是英語(yǔ)中的習(xí)慣用法，如：bit by bit (逐漸)day after (by) day (一天又一天)day and night (日日夜夜)face to face (面對(duì)面)from A to Z (自始至終)from time to time (再三)hand in hand (手拉手)shoulder by shoulder (肩并肩)(三) 例題解析1 Mr Li is old worker.A a B an C some D /答案B.析an用于元音音素開(kāi)始的單詞前。2 English is useful language in world.A an, the B a, the C the, / D /,the答案B.析因useful的第一個(gè)音素是j，它是輔音音素。3 What interesting book it is?A a B an C the D /答案B.析這是感嘆句，因?yàn)橐频皆话憔淝懊娴膹?qiáng)調(diào)部分中有可數(shù)名詞book,所以應(yīng)加冠詞，而interesting的第一音素是元音所