初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法—一般過(guò)去時(shí)詳解和習(xí)題

1、初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法一般過(guò)去時(shí)詳解和習(xí)題    一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。可以從以下幾個(gè)方面來(lái)理解：1）過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.2）過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.3）談到已故人的情況時(shí)多用過(guò)去時(shí)。e.g. Lu

2、Xun was a great writer.4）有些發(fā)生時(shí)間不是很清楚的情況，實(shí)際是過(guò)去發(fā)生的，也應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。e.g. What did you say? 另外，還可用過(guò)去時(shí)表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣。e.g. Could you lend me your pen? 其結(jié)構(gòu)是"主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式"。be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式為was, were；行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種，規(guī)則變化有以下幾種情況：1）直接在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ed. e.g. work-worked; ask-asked; 2）以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞只加-d. e.g. arrive-arrived; like-like

3、d.3)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母,再加-ed. e.g. shop-shopped; 4)以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先把y變成i,再加-ed. e.g. carry-carried; study-studied.有些動(dòng)詞變過(guò)去式是不規(guī)則的,e.g. fly-flew; break-broke; teach-taught. 這些需要象生單詞一樣記住. 其句式變化分為兩種情況1)含有be動(dòng)詞的依然在be上做文章. e.g. I was born in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in

4、1980? 2)含有行為動(dòng)詞的變否定句要在行為動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞didn't.,同時(shí)把動(dòng)詞變成原形; 變一般疑問(wèn)句,在句首加助動(dòng)詞did,同時(shí)把動(dòng)詞變成原形. e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday. I didn't buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday?其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為yesterday或由其構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ),e.g. yesterday morning; 由"last+時(shí)間"構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ), e.g. last ye

5、ar; 由"時(shí)間段+ago"構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ), e.g. three days ago; 另外,還有on the morning of Monday, just now等,以及一些表示過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的從句.注意,在賓語(yǔ)從句中主句為過(guò)去,一般從句也為過(guò)去. 常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤如下: 一把動(dòng)詞變成過(guò)去式易出錯(cuò) 例: 1 They stoped (stop) talking just now. 2 They plaied (play) football yesterday. 答案: 1 stopped 2 played 解析:我們可以記住下面的口訣:"動(dòng)詞變成過(guò)去式,雙寫(xiě)規(guī)律要牢記;y前若是

6、輔音字,y變i加-ed;y前若是元音字,只須直接加-ed." 二忘記把動(dòng)詞變成過(guò)去式 例: I fly (fly) kites on the afternoon of Sunday. 答案: flew 解析:我們可以記住下面的口訣:"一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)里,過(guò)去形式莫忘記".自主檢測(cè):（一 ）選擇1 She lived there before he_to China. A. came B. comes C. come D. coming2 I _but_nothing. A . was listened;was hearing B. listened;heard C .

7、 have listened; heard D. listened; heard of3 When did you _here? A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach4 I_my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening. A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish5 -He didn't go shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he? - _.A. No, he doesn't B.

8、Yes, he didn't C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.6 -I have had supper. - When _you_it? A. have; had B. do, have C. did,have D. will have答案: 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 D 6 C（二） 填空1 They_(be) on the farm a moment ago.2 There_(be)a shop not long ago.3 Jenny_(not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night.4 Dan

9、ny _(read )English five minutes ago.5 I _(see)Li Lei _(go) out just now.6 He _(do)his homework every day. But he _(not do)it yesterday.7 When I was young, I _(play)games with my friends.8 When _you_(write)this book? I _it last year.9 Did he_(have) lunch at home?10 I _(eat) the bread, I 'm full n

10、ow.答案:1 were 2 was 3 didn't go 4 read 5 saw go 6 does ; didn't do 7 played 8 did write ; wrote 9 have 10 have eaten三 在句式變換時(shí)易出錯(cuò) 例: 1 We didn't went (not go) out last Friday. 2 Did you had (have) a good time yesterday? 答案: 1 didn't go 2 Did have 解析:請(qǐng)記住口訣"見(jiàn)助動(dòng), 用原形." 四易與單三人稱(chēng)作主語(yǔ)

11、的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)弄混 例: He taughts (teach) me English last year. 答案: taught 解析:行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式無(wú)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化.即使主語(yǔ)是單三人稱(chēng),也和其它人稱(chēng)所用動(dòng)詞的形式一樣. 五易與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)弄混例: 我看過(guò)這部電影 I saw(see) the film. 答案: I have seen (see) the film. 解析:"我看過(guò)這部電影"說(shuō)明我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容,強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí); 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的句子只是說(shuō)明我看了這場(chǎng)電影,與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān). 六易與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)弄混,這里不在重復(fù)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)

12、作或情況?？梢詮囊韵聨讉€(gè)方面來(lái)理解：1）過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.2）過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.3）談到已故人的情況時(shí)多用過(guò)去時(shí)。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.4）有些發(fā)生時(shí)間不是很清楚的情況，實(shí)際是過(guò)去發(fā)生的，也應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。

13、e.g. What did you say? 另外，還可用過(guò)去時(shí)表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣。e.g. Could you lend me your pen? 其結(jié)構(gòu)是"主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式"。be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式為was, were；行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種，規(guī)則變化有以下幾種情況：1）直接在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ed. e.g. work-worked; ask-asked; 2）以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞只加-d. e.g. arrive-arrived; like-liked.3)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母,再加-ed. e.g. shop-shopped;

14、 4)以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先把y變成i,再加-ed. e.g. carry-carried; study-studied.有些動(dòng)詞變過(guò)去式是不規(guī)則的,e.g. fly-flew; break-broke; teach-taught. 這些需要象生單詞一樣記住. 其句式變化分為兩種情況1)含有be動(dòng)詞的依然在be上做文章. e.g. I was born in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980? 2)含有行為動(dòng)詞的變否定句要在行為動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞didn't.,同時(shí)把動(dòng)詞變成原形; 變一般疑

15、問(wèn)句,在句首加助動(dòng)詞did,同時(shí)把動(dòng)詞變成原形. e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday. I didn't buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday?其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為yesterday或由其構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ),e.g. yesterday morning; 由"last+時(shí)間"構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ), e.g. last year; 由"時(shí)間段+ago"構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ), e.g. three days ago; 另外,還有

16、on the morning of Monday, just now等,以及一些表示過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的從句.注意,在賓語(yǔ)從句中主句為過(guò)去,一般從句也為過(guò)去. 常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤如下: 一把動(dòng)詞變成過(guò)去式易出錯(cuò) 例: 1 They stoped (stop) talking just now. 2 They plaied (play) football yesterday. 答案: 1 stopped 2 played 解析:我們可以記住下面的口訣:"動(dòng)詞變成過(guò)去式,雙寫(xiě)規(guī)律要牢記;y前若是輔音字,y變i加-ed;y前若是元音字,只須直接加-ed." 二忘記把動(dòng)詞變成過(guò)去式 例: I fly

17、(fly) kites on the afternoon of Sunday. 答案: flew 解析:我們可以記住下面的口訣:"一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)里,過(guò)去形式莫忘記".自主檢測(cè):（一 ）選擇1 She lived there before he_to China. A. came B. comes C. come D. coming2 I _but_nothing. A . was listened;was hearing B. listened;heard C . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of3 When did you

18、 _here? A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach4 I_my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening. A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish5 -He didn't go shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he? - _.A. No, he doesn't B. Yes, he didn't C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.6 -I have

19、 had supper. - When _you_it? A. have; had B. do, have C. did,have D. will have答案: 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 D 6 C（二） 填空1 They_(be) on the farm a moment ago.2 There_(be)a shop not long ago.3 Jenny_(not go)to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night.4 Danny _(read )English five minutes ago.5 I _(see)Li Lei _(go) out just now.6 He _(do)his homework every day. But he _(not do)it yesterday.7 When I was young, I _(play)games with my friends.8 When _you_(write)this book? I _it last year.9 Did he_(have) lunch at home?10 I _(eat)