高中英語句子成分分析（課堂PPT）

1、1句句 子子 成成 分分Members of a Sentence2句子成分句子成分 定義定義 ：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分主要成分：主語和謂語：主語和謂語 次要成分次要成分：賓語、定語、狀語、補：賓語、定語、狀語、補 語、表語、表語、同位語語、同位語31. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主語語謂謂語語定定語語賓賓語語狀狀語語4主語（主語（subject）說明的人或事物說明的人或事物 Jane is good at

2、 playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.5 The sun rises in the east. （名詞）（名詞） He likes dancing. （代詞）（代詞） Twenty years is a short time in history. （數(shù)詞）（數(shù)詞） Seeing

3、is believing. （動名詞）（動名詞） To see is to believe. （不定式）（不定式） What he needs is a book. （從句）（從句） It is very clear that the sun rises in the east. （It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）找出句中主語6謂語（謂語（predictate）說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征 簡單謂語簡單謂語:由動詞或動詞詞組組成由動詞或動詞詞組組成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He loo

4、ked after two orphans. 復(fù)合謂語復(fù)合謂語 由情態(tài)動詞或助動詞由情態(tài)動詞或助動詞+動詞動詞; He can speak English well. He has caught a bad cold. She doesnt seem to like dancing 7（三）（三）賓語（賓語（Object） 表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于動詞和介表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于動詞和介詞后面。詞后面。例如：例如： 1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on

5、time.3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（名詞）（代詞）（名詞、數(shù)詞）84.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（不定式短語）（動名詞短語）（賓語從句）9 直接賓語直接賓語和和間接賓語間接賓語 有些及物動詞后面要跟有些及物動詞后面要

6、跟2個賓語個賓語, ,分為直接賓語和間接賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語; ; 直接賓語多為直接賓語多為, ,間接賓語多為間接賓語多為，表明動作是對誰做的。，表明動作是對誰做的。 We brought them some food. 主主 謂謂 間賓間賓 直賓直賓 He showed me how to run the machine. 主主 謂謂 間賓間賓 直賓直賓若先說直接賓語若先說直接賓語( (物物),),后說間接賓語后說間接賓語( (人人) ), ,必須必須借助介詞借助介詞 或或 ：We bought some food for them.He showed how to run the m

7、achine to us. 10 - 有些句子只有賓語并不能表達完整的意思有些句子只有賓語并不能表達完整的意思, 還必須還必須在在賓語后賓語后 加上賓語補足語加上賓語補足語, 句意才完整。賓補補充說明賓語干什么句意才完整。賓補補充說明賓語干什么, 或處于何種狀態(tài)?；蛱幱诤畏N狀態(tài)。 和和可充當(dāng)賓補?？沙洚?dāng)賓補。形容詞形容詞 Leave the door open.副詞副詞 We found John out when we arrived.介詞短語介詞短語 Make yourself at home.省略省略to的不定式的不定式 I saw him enter the hall.現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞

8、 The boss keeps them work all day.過去分詞過去分詞 I heard my name call.11（四）定語（四）定語修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從從句句 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known bettys sister? He bought some sleeping pills. There is a sleeping baby in bed. His sp

9、oken language is good.(形容詞形容詞)(名詞名詞)(數(shù)詞數(shù)詞)(名詞的所有格名詞的所有格)(動名詞動名詞)(現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞過去分詞)1213The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?There is nothing interesting in this book.14（五）狀語（五）狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或

10、整個句子，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分說明說明時間、地點、方式、因果、條時間、地點、方式、因果、條件、讓步、方向、程度、目的件、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。等。 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train.15John often came to chat with me As he was ill,

11、 he didnt come to class yesterday. She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ago.Though he is young, he knows a lot.He came running. (程度程度 目的目的)（地點（地點 伴隨）伴隨） （地點（地點 時間）時間）（讓步）（讓步）（方式）（方式）(原因原因)16 I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His

12、 parents died,leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school.17（六）（六）賓語補足語賓語補足語有些及物動詞除了有一個直接賓語以外，有些及物動詞除了有一個直接賓語以外， 還要有一個賓語補足語，還要有一個賓語補足語，說明賓語的身份和狀態(tài)說明賓語的身份和狀態(tài)以補充其意義不足，使句子的意義完整。以補充其意義不足

13、，使句子的意義完整。 這類常用的及物動詞有這類常用的及物動詞有 make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let. I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them.18She asked me to lend her a hand.Please make yourself at home.Please keep the dog out.We must keep it a secret.19主動語態(tài)變成

14、被動語態(tài)后主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)后,賓語補足語變賓語補足語變成主補成主補. I last saw him playing near the river.He was last seen playing near the river.The teacher caught the student cheating in the examThe student was caught cheating in the exam We made him monitor.He was made monitor.He pushed the door open.The door was pushed open.2

15、0（七）表語（七）表語 系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征常見的系動詞有常見的系動詞有: be(am,is,are,were,was),appear, look,seem, feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn, become, get,grow,come,go etc. 系動詞不用于被動語態(tài)系動詞不用于被動語態(tài). The apple tastes sweet.21 The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. Im not qu

16、ite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need.22（八）同位語（八）同位語 位于名詞或代詞后面，說明它們的性質(zhì)和情況位于名詞或代詞后面，說明它們的性質(zhì)和情況 We young people should respect the old.名詞名詞He himself will do the experiment.代詞代詞He is the oldest among them four.數(shù)詞數(shù)詞He told me the news that our team won the

17、 game.從句從句He told me the news that I am interested in.從從句句23Exercises:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu) You are a student. He felt happy today. What you said made me happy. Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well? After he finished his homework, he went away. He likes pop music.24(一一) 挑出下列句中的賓語挑出下列句中的

18、賓語 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.25(二二) 挑出下列句中的表語挑出下列句中的表語- The old man was feeling very

19、tired.- The leaves have turned yellow.- Soon They all became interested in the subject.26(三三) 挑出下列句中的定語挑出下列句中的定語1. What is your given name?2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!27(四四) 挑出下列句中的賓語補足

20、語挑出下列句中的賓語補足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.28(五五) 挑出下列句中的狀語挑出下列句中的狀語 There was a big smile on her face. Every nigh

21、t he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.29 With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The student

22、s followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.301. The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2. He likes dancing. （ ）3. Two will be enough.( ) 4. Seeing is believing. （ ） 6. To see is to believe. （ ） 7. When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. ( )8. What he needs is a book. （ ）9. It is very clear th

23、at the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （ ）名詞名詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞動名詞動名詞不定式不定式疑問詞疑問詞+不定式不定式從句從句It作形式主語，作形式主語，that從句是真正的主語從句是真正的主語31當(dāng)當(dāng)不定式、動名詞或從句不定式、動名詞或從句在某個句子中作主語在某個句子中作主語時，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，時，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用因此常用it作形式主語作形式主語置于置于句首句首，而將真正的，而將真正的主語放在句尾。此時主語放在句尾。此時it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無詞義。身無詞義。什

24、么情況下用什么情況下用it作形式主語？作形式主語？32 你能劃出下列句子的真正的主語嗎你能劃出下列句子的真正的主語嗎?你懂得翻你懂得翻譯下列句子嗎？譯下列句子嗎？1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( ) 2) It is no use arguing about it. ( ) 3) It is uncertain who will come. ( ) 說謊是錯誤的。說謊是錯誤的。爭吵是沒用的。爭吵是沒用的。誰要來還不確定。誰要來還不確定。331.She lived a happy life.( )2.I love you.( )3.We need two.( )4.

25、Do you mind my opening the door?( )5.He began to learn English a year ago.( )6.He did not know what to say.( )7.Did you write down what she said? ( )8. She felt it her duty to take good care of them.( )名詞名詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞動名詞動名詞不定式不定式疑問詞疑問詞+不定式不定式從句從句It作形式賓語，不定式是真正的賓語作形式賓語，不定式是真正的賓語34 He is a teacher. ( ) M

26、y idea is this.( ) She was the first to arrive.( ) I feel much better today./I must be off now. ( ) He is out of danger.( ) The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.( )1. What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.( )名詞名詞代詞代詞數(shù)詞數(shù)詞從句從句形容詞形容詞/副詞副詞介詞短語介詞短語分詞分詞35 Its a red car.( ) They live in the room above.( ) My brother is a teacher.( ) We belong to the third world.( ) Lucys father is a poor worker.( ) Mother made a birthday cake for me.( ) The man under the tree is my teacher.( )1.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my bro