定語從句（一）

1、Sentence Structure句子結(jié)構(gòu)句子結(jié)構(gòu)主語：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、主語：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、doing/to do1. We often speak English in class.2. American country music is very popular.3. One-third of the students in this class is girls.4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5. Smoking does harm to the health.1. Action speaks louder than wo

2、rds. 2. The chance may never come again. 3. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 謂語：有時態(tài)、人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)變化的動謂語：有時態(tài)、人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)變化的動詞詞 She covered her face with her hands. We havent heard from her for a long time. Do you mind opening the window? I didnt meant to hurt you.賓語：謂語動詞或介詞后賓語：謂語動詞或介詞后 My fath

3、er is a professor. The match became very exciting. The goal of my life may be to help others. Seeing is believing. 表語：表語：be動詞、聯(lián)系動詞之后動詞、聯(lián)系動詞之后 The best fish swim near the bottom. I left the village five years ago. I arrived late because of the traffic jam . Well send a car to fetch you. The students

4、came into the classroom, singing and dancing.狀語：時間、地點、原因、目的、伴隨狀語：時間、地點、原因、目的、伴隨等狀語等狀語 They are woman workers. Mary is a beautiful girl. Toms father didnt write home until yesterday. The play has three acts. This is her first trip to Europe. China is a developing country. I have nothing to eat. 定語：起修

5、飾或限定作用的定語：起修飾或限定作用的a boy in the picturea boy who is smilinga lovely boyattributive clauseattribute The Attributive ClauseGrammar Attributive Clause定語從句定語從句 修飾、限定修飾、限定(modify)某一名詞或代詞的從句某一名詞或代詞的從句(clause) 先行詞先行詞(antecedent):被修飾的名詞或代詞被修飾的名詞或代詞He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.定語從句定語從句先行詞

6、先行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞relative word關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 relative pronoun關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 relative adverb 關(guān)系代詞：指代關(guān)系代詞：指代(refer to)被修飾詞，在從被修飾詞，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語句中作主語、賓語、表語(predicative)、定語定語(attribute)，放在從句句首，放在從句句首 that：指代被修飾的：指代被修飾的物、人、人和物物、人、人和物 which: 指代被修飾的指代被修飾的物物 who,whom (賓格賓格): 指代被修飾的指代被修飾的人人 whose + 名詞名詞: 指代指代“某人、某物的某人、某物的

7、” 關(guān)系副詞：在從句中作狀語關(guān)系副詞：在從句中作狀語(adverbial)，放在從句句首放在從句句首 where作從句的地點狀語，從句修飾地點、作從句的地點狀語，從句修飾地點、情況、境況等名詞情況、境況等名詞 when作從句的時間狀語，從句修飾時間作從句的時間狀語，從句修飾時間名詞名詞 why作從句的原因狀語，從句修飾作從句的原因狀語，從句修飾reasonThe teaching building looks nice.The building was put up last year.The teaching building which was put up last year looks

8、 nice.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞: whichThis is the house.Lu Xun once lived in the house. This is the house which Lu Xun oncelived in.指代被指代被修飾的修飾的物物，在從句中充當(dāng)在從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語主語或賓語關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 : who指代被指代被修飾的修飾的人人在從句中充當(dāng)在從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語主語或賓語The boys are from Grade One. The boys are playing basketball. The boys who are playing basketball

9、are from Grade One.The young man is a famous writer. You saw the young man yesterday. The young man who you saw yesterday is a famous writer.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞: whom指代被指代被修飾的修飾的人人在從句中在從句中充當(dāng)充當(dāng)賓語賓語Where is the girl?You talked with her last Sunday.Where is the girl whom you talked with last Sunday?關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞: that

10、指代被修飾指代被修飾的的人或物人或物在從句中充當(dāng)在從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語主語或賓語The woman is a teacher.The woman lives next door.The woman who/that lives next door is a teacher. The book is very interesting. I read the book yesterday. The book which/that I read yesterday isvery interesting.The man whose legs were badly hurt was quickly ta

11、ken to hospital.The man was quickly taken to hospital.The mans legs were badly hurt.I know the doctor.His daughter studies abroad.I know the doctor whose daughter studies abroad.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞: whose 指代指代“人的人的”或或“物的物的”，從句中充當(dāng)從句中充當(dāng)定語定語She lives in the house. The windows of the house face south.She lives in

12、the house whose windows face south.Have you seen his book?The cover of the book is red.Have you seen his book whose cover is red? He talked about the places and people. He visited the places and people in China. He talked about the places and people that he visited in China.Note 1:that在從句中作主語、賓語，在從句

13、中作主語、賓語，同時修飾同時修飾“人和人和物物”，這時不用，這時不用which, who, whomNote 2:that, which, who, whom在從句中作在從句中作賓語賓語時，時，可以省略可以省略The young man you saw yesterday is a famous writer.This is the house Lu Xun once lived in.Where is the girl you talked with just now? Mike used to be a lazy person. He is no longer a lazy person.

14、 邁克不再是邁克不再是（他）以前（是）的（他）以前（是）的那個懶漢了。那個懶漢了。 Mike is no longer the lazy person _.that he used to beNote 3:that在從句中可充當(dāng)在從句中可充當(dāng)表語表語，這時不用，這時不用which, who, whom先行詞先行詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 在從句中充當(dāng)在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞值某煞秩巳宋镂锶说娜说?物的物的注意注意 who/ that 主語主語/賓語賓語 whom 賓語賓語 定語定語1. whom只充當(dāng)只充當(dāng)賓語賓語Conclusion: which/that 主語主語/賓語賓語 whose2. 關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)

15、關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)賓語時可省略賓語時可省略3. 關(guān)系詞充當(dāng)關(guān)系詞充當(dāng)表語表語時用時用that4.先行詞先行詞既有人也有物既有人也有物時用時用thatThe scientist (that/who/whom) we met yesterday is very famous in the world. (2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress (that/which) she is wearing is new. (1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday

16、.Practise(3) He is a nice person. I prefer to work with him. He is the nice person (that/whom/who) I prefer to work with. 1. The girl _ is sitting in the chair is a good singer.2. The skirt _ Mary bought two years ago is old.3. Is this the novel _ you introduced to me?4. Where is the boy _ broke the

17、 window?5. Luckily none of the people_I know were killed in the earthquake is forgotten.who/that(which/that)(which/that)who/thatwho/that5.This is the factory _ I visited last year.6.This is the house _ I lived in ten years ago.7.I dont know the girl _ Jack is talking with now.8.This is the factory _

18、 makes toys.9.Do you remember the days _ we spent together at the seaside?10.Sorry, I forgot the reason _ you told me just now.11.Dont think about the people and things _ make you angry any more.(which/that)(which/that)(who/whom/that)which/that(which/that)(which/that)that 成分問題：成分問題： 改錯：改錯：The machin

19、e I had it repaired yesterday is working well. 主謂一致問題主謂一致問題1.Anyone who _ (keep) working hard will succeed sooner or later. Those who _ (keep) working hard I, who _ your teacher, will try to help you.2.He is one of the boys who _ (be) good at physics. He is the only one of the boys who _ (be) good a

20、t physics. keepskeepareisam解題技巧解題技巧: 定語從句的人稱和數(shù)必須與定語從句的人稱和數(shù)必須與先行詞保持先行詞保持一致一致the way 引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句I dont like the way.He treats his parents in the way.in whichthat/省略省略the way在從句中充當(dāng)在從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語方式狀語時；時；(in which/that/省略省略)I dont like the way _ he treats his parents.1. I dont like the way _you speak to y

21、our mother. (in which/that)2. I dont like the way _ she thought of. (that/which)3. I dont like the way _ is not practical. that/which解題技巧解題技巧:分析分析the way 在從句中的成分在從句中的成分PractiseIs this school _ you visited last week? A. where B. that C. which D. the oneThis school is _ you visited last week.解題技巧解題技巧:

22、 將疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換成陳述句將疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換成陳述句(which)the oneIs this the museum _ you visited last week?(which/that)注意：注意：先行詞為物，先行詞為物，只只用用that而不用而不用which的情的情況。況。(1) 先行詞為先行詞為all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, few, much 等不定代詞時。等不定代詞時。 I am sure she has something special that will interest you.(2)先行詞被先行詞被the

23、 only, the very, the same, the last, just 修飾時。修飾時。 This is the only dictionary that the student has. (3)當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或者被序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞或者被序數(shù)詞修飾時。修飾時。 This is the first English book that I have read. (4)當(dāng)先行詞是當(dāng)先行詞是最高級或者被最高級最高級或者被最高級修飾時。修飾時。 This is the best film that I have ever watched.(5) 在主句以在主句以who, which開

24、頭的句子中，為了避免開頭的句子中，為了避免 重復(fù)，關(guān)系代詞用重復(fù)，關(guān)系代詞用that。 Which is the computer that was bought yesterday?(6)當(dāng)先行詞有兩個，當(dāng)先行詞有兩個，一個指人一個指物時一個指人一個指物時。 Later they talked of schools and persons that they visited. (7) 當(dāng)當(dāng)關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞在在句中句中作作表語表語時用時用that。 My village is no longer the poor place that it used to be.who和和that在指人的情況下一

25、般都可以互換在指人的情況下一般都可以互換, 但以但以下情況不可互換。下情況不可互換。1. 在以在以who 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中,為了避免重復(fù)為了避免重復(fù), 一般用一般用that而不用而不用who。nWho is the girl that is standing behind the tree?2. 當(dāng)先行詞為當(dāng)先行詞為those/he明顯指人時明顯指人時, 宜用宜用who 而不而不用用that。nThose who have understood this may leave now.nHe who laughs last laughs best. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞as的用法

26、的用法當(dāng)先行詞有當(dāng)先行詞有the same, so, such 修飾時，關(guān)修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用系代詞用as, as在從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語在從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語asasShe is wearing the same dress _ I am wearing.He is such a good teacher _ we all like.He is so good a teacher _ we all like.as as和和that的區(qū)別的區(qū)別5. Look! Mary is wearing the same dress _ you are wearing. You are using the s

27、ame pen _ I lost yesterday. Where did you get it?解題技巧解題技巧:判斷是否同一物體判斷是否同一物體asthat同類不同物同類不同物同類同一物同類同一物先行詞被先行詞被the same修飾，表示修飾，表示“相同的同一個人相同的同一個人或物或物”。 Thats the same man that asked for help yesterday. the same as 【相同的另一個相同的另一個 】 the same that 【相同的同一個相同的同一個】 This is the same factory _I visited last year. I bought the same book _you lost yesterday. thatasas 雖然作賓語，但不省略雖然作賓語，但不省略 as和和that的區(qū)別的區(qū)別4. He is such a teacher _ we all like him. He is such a teacher _ we all like.解題技巧解題技巧:判斷從句是否完整判斷從句是否完整thatasso/suchthat結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句so/suchas定語從句定語從句先行詞被先行詞被such修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用as