中國和美國高等教育之間的差異(英文)

1、畢業(yè)論文中國和美國高等教育之間的差異The Differences of Higher Education betweenAmerica and ChinaAbstractH igher education is an important approach to cultivate talented person. Different countries have different system of higher education. This paper aims at discussing the differencesof higher educationbetween China

2、and America, and it not only puts forward the contrast analysis on the social environment, cultural tradition, education system and graduates ability between China and America, but also analyzes the differences of the education reform measures between these two countries.Key words : Higher education

3、; Difference; America; China-可編輯修改-中文摘要高等教育是培養(yǎng)人才的重要手段。不同國家擁有不同體制的高等教育。本文旨在討論中、美兩國高等教育的差異，它不僅提出了中、美兩國社會環(huán)境和文化傳統(tǒng)， 教育制度和畢業(yè)生能力的對比分析，還分析了這兩個國家教育改革措施的差異。關鍵詞 ： 高等教育；不同; 美國；中國Contents:I. IntroductionII. Chinese-American social environment and cultural tradition differences2.1 Differences of attitudes on cult

4、ureIII. Chinese-American education system differences3.1 Different establishments of curricula and specialty3.2 Different choices of specialty curricula3.3 Different styles of inspecting students result3.4 Different styles of students management3.5 Different methods of teaching lessons3.6 Difference

5、s between public and private schoolsIV. Chinese-American graduates ability differences4.1 Differences of actual talents fosteredV. Chinese-American education reform measures differences5.1 American reform measures5.2 Chinese reform measuresVI. ConclusionThe Differences of Higher Education between Am

6、erica and ChinaI. IntroductionIt is well known that higher education has been more and more significant all over the world. Because of the development of science and technology, the relationship between higher education and national politics, economy, science, culture, military is becoming closer an

7、d closer day by day. This mutual relation especially shows in aspect of higher education. The higher education is vigorous and upward, and it not only simply shows the growth of quantity, but especially has had the huge change in the nature. China and America share many characteristics in higher edu

8、cation. However this paper has mainly discussed the differences between Chinese and American higher education. The two countries are different in four significant aspects: (1)social environment and cultural tradition (2)education system (3)graduates ability (4)education reform measures.II. Compariso

9、n of the social environment and cultural tradition between China and America2.1 contrast of social environment and traditional education between China and AmericaAmerica is the biggest immigrant country. American economy emphasizes on the practical value, as well as individual value realization with

10、 fast development, rich material life, strong material idea and etc. The American advocates the independent way of life and work. The American owns full creative humanities spirit, the innovation is the forever subject in their brains. They pursue the hi-tech and prefer to compete.Contrast with youn

11、g USA, China is the great nation with glorious history and cultural traditions. The Chinese people have the excellent moral of modesty, but also have been over cautious and conservative. Though Chinese economy and technology is quite backward, it has verystrongpotential development, and Chinese stud

12、ents worked hard since they were small. Therefore China implements the policy of opening up, abundantly absorbs the benefit and enriches itself.The education between Chinese and American is extremely different. American education aims at building such an education to raise the creativity with less s

13、tudy and more thought.USA pays great attentionto train the students practice ability to utilize the knowledge, cultivatingthe students to ask the knowledge and authority and building the ability to extend the knowledge system. That fact that 1/3 of numbers among all Nobel Prize winners in the world

14、are the American is a very good illustration.Compared with American higher education, China s higher education aims at building the foundation of education with more study and less thought; Chinese education pays more attention to instill and accumulate knowledge, cultivating the students respect to

15、 the knowledge and authority and building the ability to inherit the knowledge system.III. Contrast of higher education system between Chinese and American3.1 different establishments of curricula and specialtyA nation s higher education is the reflection of economic system. American education aims

16、at adapting for society demand, they explicitly stipulate three big functions: education s service for the economic development, the scientific research and teaching. The manifest of service in the establishment of specialty curriculum is to meet the social need and set up special curriculum or spec

17、ialty which the society needs.In China's universities, during quite long period of time, the establishment of specialty curriculum lacks the change and could not follow social demand. In the latest few years, the majority of Chinese universities all started to pay great attention to the transfor

18、mation and renewal of establishment of specialty curriculum so as to meet the need of society.3.2 different choices of specialty curriculaIn order to adapt the society, the American universities have established many specialties and curriculum of choice for students; the students choose or transform

19、 specialties and schools according to own interest and hobby. The American higher education system is extremely diverse and flexible, which is solo in the world higher education.In China, the student may choose the specialty according to own interest and hobby, but change of specialty in the school

20、is not easy, transformation of school then is more difficult. In American universities, the compulsory courses are few, and elective courses are rich. While in Chinese universities, the compulsory subjects occupy the major part, and many schools ( especially for technical colleges and universities )

21、 have the phenomenon of more emphasizing on the Science subjects, little on the liberal arts.3.3 different styles of inspecting students resultWhen American school inspects the result of student, they emphasize more on the ability to analyze and solve the question but not the ability of memory or de

22、scription. The American student need the mechanical memorizing, but displays creative thought as far as possible .This can cultivate students study interest, raise the ability of doing it by self and make the study be one kind of creative activity.However, many teachers still adopted old teaching wa

23、ys in Chinese universities, thus takes a test which needs mechanical memorizing. Such an inspection method has seriously attacked the students enthusiasm of study, caused the student to one-sidedly pay great attention to the theory and neglect the ability of practice.3.4 different styles of students

24、 managementIn the United States, many students at the school could conveniently take the IC card with a photo; the cards can be used to enter libraries and computer rooms and other facilities such as gymnasiums and other coliseum throughout the academy. Experienced consultants equipped by the school

25、 would help students to determine their main direction (major, a bit like our domestic professional) and guide studentsto choosespecific classes. After selecting courses, in accordance with the school timetable,the septic time, place, classroom and course is entirelycontrolled by individual who mean

26、s that everyone has the right of their own curriculum.Unlike American students, Chinese students also need arrangements of classes and dormitories. Compared with the USAs ICcard, our domestic student card and library card is similar to it. Except these, Chinese school has no experienced consultants

27、to help students todetermine their main direction. As for the accommodation of students, some schools have a limited number of student dormitories, each school has a restaurant and fast-food shops, but most of them are always operated by outside operators where management are independent of schools.

28、 Most of students prefer to share a flat and live outside. So their dinner and lodging almost have no relationship with the school.3.5 different methods of teaching lessonsIn the United States inspiring students is great important for teaching. In classroom teachers will specially put forward some i

29、nspiring questions for students. In such a teaching mode, the students in the classroom have a higher degree of freedom, and they can be ready to make their own doubt for teachers which made the teaching atmosphere lively and vivid. This method of teaching helps to develop students abilities of inde

30、pendent thinking and solving problem, however, this approach has a high demand for teachers which easily lead to a decrease in teaching quality and depth.China's higher educationpays more attentionto the systematicstudy. When teaching the curriculum,teachersshouldfollow inaccordancewithcertainte

31、achingprograms. Students have certaininteractive questions, but this question tends to be discussed after the class, rather than in the classroom. It is the main mode that class is taught by teachers and students just listen to the records. This approachis conducive to help the students learn system

32、atic knowledge. The class content is quite rich, but they have less sense of innovation.3.6 differences between public and private schoolsThere are more than 1500 public school of higher learning and morethan 1600 private institutions in American. Both the public and private schools have a good repu

33、tation and high quality of the university. Very few Americans judge the quality not from the perspective of public and private schools, but from their teachers, courses and history.However, many Chinese believe that private schools can be unmatched with the public schools, and they are belittling or

34、 making an exclusion of private schools in heart. In private schools, Chinese people indeed should learn from the Americans, abandon the prejudice and make a correct and fair assessment for private schools.IV. Differences of quality and ability of graduates between China and US4.1 differences of act

35、ual talents fosteredIn actual talent fostered, the ability of adapting to society from American students was stronger than the Chinese Students. There are more and more opportunities to participate in social activities. Almost all the students have the experience of working outside. At the same time

36、, civic education, campus cultural activities and community service activities in America increase the students ability to adapt to the community. While the Chinese Students stay under the closed campus for a long period ， they have little direct ties to society and poorly understand the community,

37、therefore Chinese students have to adapt toworking atmosphere later than American s students for two to three years.V.Difference of reform measures5.1 American reform measuresCurrently, American progress in the field of technologyandknowledge occupies about 80 percent. The data is higher than one of

38、 the developed countries in Europe. Institutions of higher education should make indelible contribution to such a data. To meet the challenges of the21st century, since the mid-1990s, the United States accelerates the reform of higher education systems which aimed at improving the quality of teachin

39、g and management efficiency and make greater contribution to the development of community and economy.Unprecedented expansion of social function of American Universityhas become the power source for social development and progress. Therefore, the United States government policy-makers set off a new

40、round of the 21st century-orientedreform of higher education topromote the development of higher education as a national goal of theimportant strategic initiatives. In the 21st century, the key point of American higher education reform is to achieve universal higher education and make all over 18-ye

41、ar-old American youth have access to higher education.The overall idea of American Education reform is to build a higher education system which adapt to times demands. The most important measure is the reform of basic education and secondary education, the aim of idea is to meet the demand of adapti

42、ng to the multiple reforms in future. To implement a strategic goal of universal higher education, the United States took a number of very innovative reform measures based on a substantial increase for education. These reform measures include:(1) implement small class teaching; (2) strengthen biling

43、ual teaching, make college graduates more competitive and more adaptable; (3) improve the quality of teachers; in the system of employing teachers, schools take measures to employ formal teacher and informal teacher. In teaching methodology, teachers must adopt the modern teaching methods with integ

44、ration of traditional media and modern media together for teaching.5.2 Chinese reform measuresRegarding the quality educationas the most important thing,China's highereducationimplements the strategy of sustainabledevelopment, broaden the area of knowledge base, promote the integration of cross-

45、disciplinary and connection between schools and society. Such a style aims at cultivating talents with a strong sense ofpioneering spirit, self-confidence, originality and boldly challenging the authority. China has been adhering to the reform of higher education for a long time. The most notableeff

46、ect from the college merger isimprovementof teaching effect. The College merger resolves someproblems from the current teaching system uncoordinated with the international trend of socialization and market and enables educational resources to promote the effective allocation. The second measure is t

47、o set up the college courses in a market-oriented direction and adapt to the needs of society. Now in many school curricula 's is diverse, the initiative measures are taken to meet the needs of the market, at the same time a number of professionals closely related to social life are set up. The

48、third initiativemeasure is based on the targetofstudent-oriented.Since the 20th century, China's higher education emphasizedthetraining of personnel ability, including the ability of acquiring knowledge, ability of analysis and problem-solving, ability of creating and certain organizational ability. At the same time the concept of quality education is put forward, which emphasizes the ideological and moral qualities, cultural quality, physical and mental quality. As a main part, students are not only the educated ones, but also participants of education.VI. ConclusionAll in all ,Amer