初三英語語法復(fù)習(xí)(人教版 朗文)

1、初三英語語法復(fù)習(xí)（人教版+朗文）chunxue404動詞不定式一. 定義：動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的一種，它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能獨立作謂語，但它仍保持動詞的特點，既可以有自己的賓語和狀語。同時動詞不定式又具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征，在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。二. 動詞不定式的構(gòu)成：to+動詞原形 三. 動詞不定式作賓語 后面能接不定式作賓語的動詞有：agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。 We hope to get there before da

2、rk. 我們希望天黑以前到那兒。 The girl decided to do it herself. 那個姑娘決定自己做那件事。動詞不定式作賓語的注意事項（2點）1. 有些動詞既可跟不定式作賓語，也可跟動名詞作賓語，但含義不同： remember to do 記住要做某事remember doing 記得曾經(jīng)做過某事 forget to do忘記要做某事 forget doing 忘記曾經(jīng)做過某事 stop to do 停下來去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 go on to do 繼續(xù)做另一件事 go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來在做的事 I remember seeing yo

3、u somewhere before. 我記得以前在哪兒見過你。 Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.離開時請記得關(guān)好燈。 2. 不定式作賓語時，如帶有賓語補足語，則要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式賓語，構(gòu)成“主語+動詞+it+賓補（形容詞、名詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難入睡。四. 動詞不定式作賓語補足語 1. 后面能接to不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help

4、等。 The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老師要我們做練習(xí)一。 I want both of you to go. 我要你們倆去。We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我們幫助她修理自行車。2. 使役動詞let, have, make及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不帶to的不定式作賓補。 Lets have a rest. 我們休息一會吧。 I saw him come in. 我看見他進來了。 感官動詞后既可跟不帶to的不定式作賓補，也可跟v-ing作賓補，前者表示動作的全

5、部過程已結(jié)束；后者表示動作正在進行。 I saw him come downstairs.我看見他下了樓。（說明他下樓了這件事） I saw him coming downstairs.我看見他在下樓。（說明他下樓時的情景）五. 動詞不定式作狀語Later he left home to work in different cities. 不久他離開家到不同的城市工作。He went to see a football match. 他去看足球比賽了。In order to catch the other students, I must work hard. 為了趕上其他同學(xué)，我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)

6、。六. 動詞不定式作定語不定式作定語一般放在所修飾的詞的后面。I need something to eat. Do you have something to read?Tom was so excited that he had no word to say.He is really a fool only to eat.The man to stand here just now is our English teacher.The doctor had no way to save the patient.注意：（1）作定語的不定式是由及物動詞組成，被修飾的名詞或代詞與不定式之間存在方

7、位或方式關(guān)系需要有介詞。I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一間住房。（方位關(guān)系）We have many things to do experiments with. 我們有許多做實驗的東西（方式關(guān)系）（2）作定語的不定式是由“be + adj + prep”構(gòu)成的動詞短語。Here there isnt any book for me to be interested in.We have done many things to proud of. 我們做了許多引以自豪的事。七. 動詞不定式作主語To give is better than to

8、 receive. To reach there on foot is impossible.動詞不定式作主語時，可以用it 代替，把實際主語不定式放在后面。Its better to give than to receive.Its impossible to reach there on foot.Its + adj + for sb. to do sth.Its not difficult for me to study English well.Its easy for him to work out this math problem.在這個句型中，如果形容詞與不定式的邏輯主語關(guān)系密

9、切，并且形容詞用來說明邏輯主語的性質(zhì)、品質(zhì)、特點等，由of引出邏輯主語。這類形容詞主要有nice, kind, good, wrong, right等。 八. 動詞不定式和疑問詞連用動詞不定式可以和疑問詞what, which, how, where, when連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語，可以作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語等。How to do is still a question. Have you decided when to leave? 九. 動詞不定式的否定形式 動詞不定式的否定式是在to前加not；不帶to的不定式則在動詞前加not. 如： Zhang Ming asked me n

10、ot to stay at home all day. 張明要我不要整天呆在家里。 My mother let me not do it by myself. 媽媽讓我不要獨自做這件事。被動語態(tài)英語有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)（The Active Voice）表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。被動語態(tài)（The Passive Voice）表示主語是動作的承受者。構(gòu)成：承受者+助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者一般現(xiàn)在時：承受者+助動詞am / is/are +及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者一般過去時：承受者+助動詞was / were +及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者一般將來時

11、：承受者+助動詞shall / will be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者現(xiàn)在完成時：承受者+助動詞 have/ has been+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者含情態(tài)動詞：承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者被動語態(tài)用法：1）當(dāng)我們不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，或者沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時，需用被動語態(tài)。2）當(dāng)我們需要強調(diào)動作的承受者時,常用被動語態(tài)。3）如果需要說出動作的執(zhí)行者, 用by引導(dǎo)出動作的執(zhí)行者。 主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時有以下

12、幾種情況：1）主語謂語動詞賓語將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。（主動）We bought a book yesterday.（被動）The book was bought yesterday.2）主語謂語動詞間接賓語直接賓語將主動語態(tài)中一個賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。多數(shù)情況下將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。如果直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時，間接賓語前要加介詞to / for。多數(shù)情況下將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。如果直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z的化，間接賓語前要加介詞to / for（主動）He showed me a book yesterday.（被動）I was showed a book yesterday.The book

13、 was showed to me yesterday.3）主語謂語動詞復(fù)合賓語含有一個由賓語加賓語補足語構(gòu)成的復(fù)合賓語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，賓語補足語保留不變，成為主語補足語。（主動）I found him a good pupil. （賓語補足語）（被動）He was found a good pupil. （主語補足語）4）短語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)有些短語動詞相當(dāng)于一個及物動詞，其后可以接賓語，因此它們也有被動語態(tài)，但短語動詞是不可分割的整體，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時不可去掉其后面的介詞或副詞。（主動）We should look after the patients

14、very well.（被動）The patients should be looked after very well by us.5）賓語從句變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)若主動語態(tài)中是賓語從句，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語放在后面。Its said that he passed the exam.被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個特殊問題：（1）不及物動詞帶介詞和介詞賓語，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，仍然要帶上介詞。（主動）The students in class listen to the teacher carefully. （被動）The teacher is listened to carefully

15、 by the students in class.（2）當(dāng)動詞帶有復(fù)合賓語時，并且賓補是省去“to”的動詞不定式時，在被動語態(tài)中應(yīng)加上“to”。（主動）They make do all the work. （被動）We were made to do all the work.（主動）We often hear her sing English songs.（被動）She is often heard to sing English songs.（主動）I see him walk to school.（被動）He is seen to walk to school.模擬試題（答題時間：80

16、分鐘） I. 聽力測試略 II. 語言知識（共15小題，每題1分，滿分為15分） 請你從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳的選項。 21. - You look so beautiful in blue. - _. A. Thats all rightB. Thank youC. Not at allD. I dont know 22. Nearly three quarters of the earth _ covered with water. A. hasB. haveC. isD. are 23. The largest number of people in the world spe

17、ak Chinese _ a first language. A. asB. forC. inD. with 24. My brother does well in all his lessons. His wish to become a college student is sure to _. A. come outB. come nearC. come trueD. come on 25. I kept _ phone calls to my friend, but nobody answered. A. to makeB. makeC. madeD. making 26. Her i

18、dea _ different from ours. We should think it over. A. feelsB. looksC. turnsD. sounds 27. My sister didnt want to _ so much money on the dress, for other things had _ her a lot. A. pay, spentB. spend, costC. pay, takenD. spend, paid 28. I saw him _ into the building. A. goB. to goC. goesD. went 29.

19、Eighteen people will come to the meeting, but therere only twelve chairs. We have to get _ . A. more sixB. six moreC. more than sixD. other six 30. They _ New Zealand, so they know little about it. A. have gone toB. havent gone to C. have been toD. havent been to 31. Did he tell you who _ at the gat

20、e? A. he was waiting forB. is he waiting for C. was he waiting forD. he is waiting for 32. The color balls must _ in the same box. A. be putB. to be putC. putD. to put 33. - Mr Smith, thanks for teaching us so well. Have you taught for a long time? - In fact, I have only been a teacher _ I came to C

21、hina in 2000. A. afterB. sinceC. whenD. before 34. He asks me _ there is going to _ a concert tomorrow. A. that, beB. that, haveC. if, beD. if, have 35. Which sign tells us the way into a building ? A. B. C. D. III. 閱讀理解（共16小題，每題2分，滿分為32分） 閱讀A、B、C、D四篇短文，然后從每篇短文后各題所給的四個選項中選擇最佳答案。A A man in Florida, i

22、n his 80s, called his son in New York one November day. The father said to the son, “I hate to tell you, but weve got some troubles here in the house. Your mother and I cant stand each other any more, and were getting a divorce（離婚）. Ive had it! I want to live out the rest of my years in peace （和平）.

23、Im telling you now, so you and your sister shouldnt go into shock (= great surprise ) later when I move out. ” He hung up, and the son called his sister in Hampton at once and told her the news. The sister said, “Ill deal with this.” She called Florida and said to her father, “Dont do ANYTHING till

24、we get there! Well be there Wednesday night! ” The father agreed, “All right.” The old man hung up the phone and shouted to his wife, “Okay, theyre coming for Thanksgiving. Now what are we going to tell them for Christmas? ” 36. The old man lived _ . A. by himselfB. with his wife C. with his daughte

25、rD. with his son 37. There was _ between the old man and his wife. A. a quarrelB. a talkC. a fightD. nothing wrong 38. From _, the daughter got the news that her parents were going to divorce. A. her brotherB. her motherC. her fatherD. herself 39. Which of the following is right ? A. The old mans wi

26、fe didnt know what the old man had done. B. The old man and his wife really had some troubles in their house. C. The old man and his wife wished their children to come back home. D. The old mans wife didnt care if their children would come back home.B Elvis Presley came from a very poor family. He w

27、as born on January 8,1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi. Elvis loved music. He went to church every Sunday and sang in the choir （唱詩班）. When he was 13, his mother bought him a guitar. In the same year, Elvis and his family left Mississippi. They moved to Memphis, Tennessee. One day in 1954 he went to a re

28、cording studio （錄音室） called Sun Records. He wanted to make a record （唱片） for his mothers birthday. At the studio, he was found by Sam Phillips, the boss there. Elvis was Sam Phillips dream - “ a white boy with a black voice ”. Phillips became Elvis manager, and Elvis made his first single, Thats All

29、 Right, Mama. When DJ played it on the radio stations, American teenagers went wild （發(fā)狂）. In 1955, Elvis appeared on TV in New York. The following year he went to Holly-wood, California and made his first film, Love Me Tender. In the next two years he had many hit records - Blue Suede shoes, Heartbr

30、eak Hotel, All shook up, Jailhouse Rock, and Teddy Bear . In 1958, Elvis joined the army and went to Germany. When he returned to the United States in the early 1960s, popular music was not the same. British groups like the Beatles and the Rolling Stones were the new stars. Elvis was very rich, but

31、he was a very lonely man. In his last years he became fat and frustrated. He died of a heart attack on August 16, 1977 at his large house, in Memphis. But for his fans, Elvis is still the king of Rock and Roll. 40. _ found that Elvis would be a good singer. A. Elvis himselfB. Elvis mother C. Sun Rec

32、orderD. Sam Phillips 41. Elvis music was enjoyed by _ . A. childrenB. the youngC. the oldD. the middle-aged 42. When Elvis returned to the US, _. A. popular music was the same B. he was almost forgotten C. many new stars had appeared D. he had changed his music 43. Elvis was _ after he became famous

33、. A. poor but happyB. healthy but frustrated C. weak but fatD. rich but lonelyC A few days ago, few people knew his name or recognized his face. But last Thursday, when he came back to the earth after a 21-hour trip to space, Yang Liweis smile was seen across the world. The 38-year-old astronaut （宇航

34、員） was sent into space at 9 am last Wednesday by Chinas Shenzhou V spaceship, which traveled round the earth 14 times. He landed safely at 6:23 am the next day, making China the third country to successfully （成功地） send a person into space, after the former Soviet Union （前蘇聯(lián)） and US. Yang was pleased

35、 with his job. “I have seen many landing scenes before on video, and I think ours was one of the most successful, ” he said on a special plane to Beijing after landing. Born into an ordinary family in Liaoning Province, he became a pilot （飛行員） in the Chinese Air Force in 1987, spending 1,350 hours i

36、n the air. He joined the Chinese space programme 11 years later. While in space, Yang recorded everything he saw as well as showing Chinas national flag and the United Nations flag to the people watching on TV at home. He also ate a meal of diced chicken and fried rice, before taking a 3-hour nap(a

37、short sleep ). The whole programme went according to （按照） plan, but space exploration is not as easy as it seems. Anyone who saw the destruction (breaking ) of the US space shuttle （航天飛機） Columbia in February this year will know that Yang took a great risk (danger) . He experienced （經(jīng)歷） very high te

38、mperature, while the gravitational forces （重力） on takeoff and landing were strong enough to force tears from his eyes. He has spent five years training to become a spaceman. “I eat all of my meals at the space programmes dinning room and have never been able to take my son to school, ” he said. “Ive

39、 never met his teachers.” But all the hard work was well worth it - Yang has become Chinas first spaceman. 44. How many hours on average （平均）, more or less, did Shenzhou V spaceship take to circle around the earth once? A. 14 hours.B. 21 hours.C. 2 hours.D. One hour and a half. 45. Before his own la

40、nding, Yang Liwei _. A. knew nothing about other astronauts landings B. saw with his own eyes many other landings C. knew about many other landings D. believed his landing was one of the most successful 46. While the spaceship takes off from the earth, _. A. there is no gravitational force in it B.

41、the astronaut has to experience a strong gravitational force C. there is as much gravitational force as on the earth D. the astronaut has no special feeling 47. In what order did the things happen to Yang Liwei? a. five-year training for space exploration b. 1,350 hours fly in the air c. join the Ch

42、inese Air Force d. travel into space by Shenzhou V spaceship A. cbadB. bcdaC. adbcD. dcabD Without goals, life is meaningless. Goals provide the direction in life. It is always wondered why some people cannot see the importance of goals, the need to set goals and follow them through. Very few people

43、 would get on a plane or a ship, not knowing where they were traveling to. Goals are the aim for striving （奮斗目標(biāo)） and those who walk about without plans through life waste a great deal of time. Goal setting has long been thought to be necessary in business and more recently many people have come to t

44、hink highly of some of the great people in the world - people who set simple goals and who go after them - such as Nelson Mandela, Mother Teresa and Michael Jordan. For personal development, the starting point is setting goals. Sometimes the starting point is dreaming, having wishes, then breaking t

45、heir big plan into small ones that can be achieved （實現(xiàn)）. A useful idea is to think about what you would really like to achieve, what you will be in the future - five years from now, ten years from now. Writing these down is a good starting point. It is always wise to break goals up into short-term a

46、nd long-term goals. Knowing that something is achievable soon can give more confidence to achieve. Long-term goals will probably be fewer , but short-term goals can fall into a “more possible to achieve” basket . Goals need to be started with clearness. The clearer they are, the easier they are to r

47、each. If a goal is shown clearly, it can guide to a fitting action. It is important that a person never loses sight of their goals. To do so is to become aimless and off track. It is sometimes useful to question yourself. “How important is this goal to me?” If the answer is “I think it is very impor

48、tant ”, then it must be followed. That means that action must be taken at once. Delay （拖延） is the thief （賊） of time for human. The longer you delay, the more difficult it is to achieve goals. There are many people who probably have less skill （技能）, even less education than you, yet they succeed. It

49、is most likely because they take action, they realized （認識到） what they want, what they set out to do. They achieve their goal. Goal setting really never finishes for the successful person. Once a goal has been achieved, there is another to be set and reached for. 48. The good starting to take action

50、 is _. A. to go after these great successful people B. to have dreams or make some wishes C. to write down what you think about D. to think about what your really like to achieve 49. The sentence “Long-term goals will probably be fewer, but short-term goals can fall into a “more possible to achieve

51、”basket .” means _. A. long-term goals are probably fewer than short-term goals B. short-term goals are more possible to achieve than long-term goals C. it is much easier to set short-term goals than to set long-term goals D. fewer long-term goals can be put into a basket of short-term goals 50. To

52、be successful, it is important for one to _. A. follow them through without delay after setting goals B. set long-term and short-term goals and never lose sight of them C. have not only more skill but also good education D. ask oneself large numbers of questions and make them clear 51. Which of the

53、following is the main point of the passage? A. Why it is necessary to set goals in life B. How best people can set their goals C. How important the goals are to people D. Why it is possible for some people to succeed IV. 完形填空（共15小題，每題1分，滿分15分） 從短文后各題所給的四個選項中選擇能填入相應(yīng)空白處的最佳答案。 I was walking toward the

54、railway station. I had bought a _52_ ticket to Atlanta, Ga, because I knew that if I didnt find help there, I would _53_ myself. I was just 29 years old, but I had reached the end. For 17 years old, beginning in 1983, Id been using almost mind altering drug （興奮劑） then known to man. Now my highs lasted only a few seconds, then I would be trapped （陷入）_54