非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法,狀語從句語法學(xué)案分享

1、 補(bǔ)充 ： 名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的選擇 一：其它引導(dǎo)詞的選擇：一般根據(jù)意思選擇即可 代詞類：(常在從句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語)（1）who/whom（指代人，誰）和whoever/whomever（無論誰、不管誰）在 從句中作主語或賓語；（2）which哪一個(gè)、whichever無論哪個(gè)、whose誰的，在從句中作定語?！镜漕}】1.（2013·江西）_ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. A. Whoever B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Wherever2.（2012·福建）

2、We promise_ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever副詞類：(從句中作狀語或表語）（1）when/how/where/why在從句中作相應(yīng)的狀語。其中的how除了“怎樣”，表示 方式外，還可譯為“多么”，常用來修飾形容詞或副詞。（2）as if/though常用在look/seem之后；becasue一般只用在Thats becasue中，表示 原因；That's why.則表示結(jié)果?！镜漕}】1.（20

3、13·湖南）Do not let any failures discourage you，for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory. A. howB. that C. which D. where2.（2013·安徽）From space，the earth looks blue. This is_ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. A. why B. how C. because D. whether名詞性從句中常用句型

4、：（There is）no doubt that毫無疑問（It is）no wonder that 難怪The reason (why) /for is(was) that 的原因是 A is to B what C is to D. A對(duì)B而言如同C對(duì)D。There is no possibilty/chance/opportunity that 做是不可能的/沒有機(jī)會(huì)?！镜漕}】1.（2010·北京）Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel，David Copperfield，was _ it was rather

5、 closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether2.（2009·浙江）Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport？ No problem. A.When B. that C. whether D. what2、 能力突破1.（2011·山東）I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything.

6、A. that B. when C. where D. why2. （2013·山東）Could I speak to_is in charge of International Sales, please? A.anyone B.someoneC.whoever D.no matter who3. （2007·浙江）Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats_the best jobs are. A.where B.whatC.whenD.why4.（2010·江蘇）I prefer shutting myself in

7、 and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats_I dont agree. You should have a more active life. A.where B.how C.when D.what5.（2005·天津）The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. why 三、備考指津1.首先根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)確定是考查名詞性從句；2.如果從句中缺少主語或賓語，一般選what（ever）

8、/who （ever）/whom（ever）；3.如果不是缺少主語或賓語則根據(jù)意思選，不缺任何意思為 that；4.注意it開頭的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，常為that或whether。5.抽象名詞后一般是that。6.常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)要牢記。 非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語的用法(一)一、考點(diǎn)透視考綱定位和能力要求： 掌握動(dòng)詞不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別；知識(shí)內(nèi)涵：非謂語動(dòng)詞可以在句子中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，原因，讓步，伴隨等狀語。具體情況如下：（一）動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語 1. I had to shout to make myself heard . To finish the work on time, they have t

9、o work harder. He got up early in order to/so as to catch the first bus. 2. He hurried to the station only to find the train had already left. 3. He is old enough to go to school. She is too tired to go any further. 4. I am very glad to see you . I am so sorry to hear about your failure in business.

10、 【注意】1.動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語時(shí)，通常不可以放在逗號(hào)后，有插入語除外；如若強(qiáng)調(diào)其目的時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式也可以用in order to do 或 so as to do的形式，其中so as to do 不能位于句首。2. “only to do”表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，翻譯成“卻”，典型例題就是He hurried to the station only to find the train had already left.3.不定式作原因狀語時(shí)，主要放在表示喜、怒、哀、樂等形容詞作的表語后。例如： She is surprised to find Jim here. 4.不定式用于某些作表語或補(bǔ)

11、語的形容詞后，和句中主語或賓語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式要用主動(dòng)來表示被動(dòng)。 例如：1）English is difficult to learn. 2）I find him easy to get along with. 形式意義例句doing 與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系；與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生Hearing the noise, I turned round.having done與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系；先于謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生 Having failed many times, we finally succeeded.done與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系The

12、teacher came into the lab, followed by many students.being done與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,一般作原因狀語位于句首；（近十年高考從未考過）Being beaten by his father, the little boy cried loudly. having been done與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且先于謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生；多數(shù)情況下可以與過去分詞互換Having been told many times, she still repeated the same mistake.注意：1. 分詞作

13、狀語時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致。例如：Standing in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad. 2.否定形式： not doing; not having done; not done。例如：Not having made full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week.二、典題直擊1. Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till i

14、t could fly.（2011四川） A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep2. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ his plane high up in the sky.（2012 四川） A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found3. We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition.（2010遼寧）A. finding B. to find C. find D.

15、to be found 解題思路：1）確定考題是否為考查非謂語動(dòng)詞，方法是題干是否已有謂語。 2）若選項(xiàng)中有to do , 需考慮是否能譯成“為了” 或者“卻”等， 來作目的、結(jié)果或原因狀語。3.  _ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.（2013北京） A. Find      B. Finding      C. To find     

16、D. Found4. _ at the cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there again.（2013 山東）A. Having eaten        B. To eat         C. Eat        D. Eating解題思路：1）確定是否考查不定式作目的、原因、程度等狀語； 2）排除不定式后，判斷主句的主語和非謂語之間的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系； 若為主動(dòng)

17、關(guān)系， 則選擇doing 、 having done； 3）分析時(shí)間；若非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)詞之前，則選擇 having done, 否則就選doing。5. _in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. （2013安徽） A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded6. _to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. （2012重慶） A.

18、Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked解題思路：1）判斷主句的主語與非謂語動(dòng)詞之間的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系；若為被動(dòng)，則 選擇done或having been done. 2）done和having been done在作狀語時(shí)，通常可以互換；若題干中有 for+段時(shí)間，many times等時(shí)間狀語，則通常要選擇having been done. 7. _ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice. （2013四川）A. Not know

19、ing B. Knowing not C. Not known D. Known not8. Having been attacked by terrorists,_.（2004上海） A. the tall building collapsed B. doctors came to their rescue C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists解題思路：1）明確非謂語動(dòng)詞否定形式中not的位置； 2）若題干中已給出非謂語作的狀語，則解題的關(guān)鍵是明確主句的主語。9. This machine i

20、s very easy _. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. （2012遼寧）operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate10. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable _. （2011福建） A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold解題思路： 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定考查不定式作狀語

21、，主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的情況。三、能力突破解答非謂語動(dòng)詞做狀語的解題步驟：1.確定是否考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，方法是題干的特點(diǎn)通常為 主句 ，狀語。 或者 狀語，主句 。（不定式作目的，原因等狀語除外）。2.若選項(xiàng)中有不定式to do，先分析是否考查不定式作目的，結(jié)果，原因等狀語。（不定式作目的狀語通常不能放在逗號(hào)后）3.排除不定式后，分析主句主語與非謂語動(dòng)詞之間的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系；若為主動(dòng)， 選擇doing , having done; 若為被動(dòng)，選擇done或having been done;4.分析時(shí)間；若非謂語發(fā)生在謂語之前，則選having done，否則就選doing.1. When I was l

22、ittle, my mother used to sit by my bed, me stories till I fell asleep. （2013重慶）having told B. telling C. told D. to tell2. I stopped the car _ a short break as I was feeling tired. （2013山東） A. takeB. taking C. to take D. taken 3. _ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different w

23、ord order. （2011天津卷）A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated4. George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him.（2012山東） A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told5. Dina, _ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advert

24、ising agency. （2010 湖南） A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle四、備考指津1. 非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語是歷年各省市重點(diǎn)考查的語法項(xiàng)目，因此我們必須給予其足夠的重視。在復(fù)習(xí)備考的過程當(dāng)中，重中之重是能夠熟練地找出主句的主語，并能準(zhǔn)確地判斷其和非謂語動(dòng)詞之間的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系；與此同時(shí)，也不能忽略不定式作狀語的用法，尤其是其作目的狀語和結(jié)果狀語的用法。2. 反復(fù)練習(xí)近五年高考真題中相關(guān)試題。 非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語用法（三）一、考點(diǎn)透視考綱定位和能力要求： 掌握過去分詞、獨(dú)立成分等非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)；

25、（1） 某些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，且往往用于一些系表結(jié)構(gòu)中，此時(shí)的過去分詞不表示被動(dòng)和完成，而是表示一種狀態(tài)，這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)有： be dressed in; be lost （in）; be known as/for; be devoted to; be located （in）， be faced with; be absorbed in doing; be satisfied with等等。這些結(jié)構(gòu)在做狀語時(shí)，常用過去分詞形式，不使用ing形式。做定語和賓補(bǔ)時(shí)也一樣。 Dressed in a red coat, the teacher came into the classroom

26、with a big smile on her face. Well- known as a famous writer, Luxun wrote many famous books in his life. （二） 獨(dú)立成分作狀語 有些分詞或不定式作狀語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨(dú)立成分. 常見的有 compared to/with（和比較起來）; judging from/by（根據(jù)。來看）To tell you the truth ( 給你說實(shí)話）； generally speaking ( 一般的說來）；considering ( given) 考慮到，鑒于 supposin

27、g ( assuming 假設(shè)。）； Judging from his accent, he is from south. Considering your health, youd better have a rest. 二、典題直擊 1. Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _with his old one. （2009重慶） A. comparing     B. compares C. to

28、0;compare    D. compared2. When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. （2006浙江） A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared 3. _ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. （2006四

29、川） A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face三）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語 非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語應(yīng)該是句子的主語，但有時(shí)非謂語動(dòng)詞帶有自己的主語，從而在結(jié)構(gòu)上與主語不發(fā)生關(guān)系，我們稱之為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句中充當(dāng)狀語。 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式有： 1. 名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/動(dòng)詞不定式 1）His mother to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner. 2） The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange

30、 cave. 3） The task completed, he had two months leave.2. 名詞/代詞+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語 1）He stood there, his mouth wide open. 2） School over, we all went home. 3） He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us. 典題直擊 1. The party will be held in the garden, weather . (2012全國) A. permitting B. to

31、permit C. permitted D. permit解題思路：1）分析題干，確定考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)；方法是逗號(hào)前或后有 一完整的句子，另一部分有單獨(dú)的主語。 2） 判斷獨(dú)立主格的主語和非謂語之間的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系 ； 3） 分析時(shí)間關(guān)系。2. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March. A . has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be lau

32、nched 四）非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語用法小結(jié) 結(jié)合上次微課所學(xué)內(nèi)容，現(xiàn)總結(jié)非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語的完整解題步驟： 1.確定是否考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，方法是題干的特點(diǎn)通常為 主句 ，狀語。 或者 狀語, 主句 。(不定式作目的，原因等狀語除外）。 2.若選項(xiàng)中有不定式to do,先分析是否考查不定式作目的，結(jié)果，原因狀語。(不定式作目的狀語通常不能放在逗號(hào)后） 3.判斷是否考查過去分詞特殊結(jié)構(gòu)或獨(dú)立成分作狀語。 4.排除以上兩種情況后，分析主句主語與非謂語動(dòng)詞之間的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系；若 為主動(dòng),選擇doing , having done; 若為被動(dòng),選擇done或having been done; 5.分析時(shí)間

33、；若非謂語發(fā)生在謂語之前，則選having done,否則就選doing。三、能力突破 1. 對(duì)于過去分詞作狀語的特殊情況以及獨(dú)立成分作狀語的情況，解題、關(guān)鍵是牢記?？嫉哪切┙Y(jié)構(gòu)并能夠在題干中識(shí)別出來。如: be dressed in, compared to/ with等。 2. 關(guān)于獨(dú)立主格的考題，關(guān)鍵是識(shí)別出考題在考查該考點(diǎn)。方法就是剛才提到的題干特點(diǎn)應(yīng)為“句子， 主語+ _” 或“主語+_, 句子。” 確定之后，要先排除掉謂語動(dòng)詞選項(xiàng)，然后再判斷主被動(dòng)關(guān)系即可。 1. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finall

34、y saved by the local police（2005江蘇） A. Having lost       B. Lost      C. Being lost      D. Losing2. _, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. （2005全國II） A. General speaking B. Speaking general C. General

35、ly speaking D. Speaking generally3. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. （2007重慶） A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished 4. _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. （2005湖南） A. Dressed      B. T

36、o dress       C. Dressing    D. Having5. Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some a life span of around 20 years. （2011浙江） A. having B. had C. have D. to have6. _ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I coul

37、d refill it. （2013湖南） A. Staying B. Stayed C. To stay D. Stay四、備考指津 獨(dú)立成分作狀語，高考主要考查的就是compared to/with結(jié)構(gòu)，所以大家一定將其要牢記。至于獨(dú)立主格的用法，由于其相對(duì)來說較難，并不是高考的熱點(diǎn)，所以大家在復(fù)習(xí)備考的過程中，不需要給予其過多的時(shí)間，近十年出現(xiàn)的考題本次微課均已呈現(xiàn)。 狀語從句 第一講 時(shí)間狀語從句考點(diǎn)透視【考綱定位】狀語從句是必考點(diǎn)，常規(guī)考點(diǎn)與稍偏考點(diǎn)相結(jié)合。 【考點(diǎn)內(nèi)涵】時(shí)間狀語從句最?？?，常用引導(dǎo)詞有： 1. when, while, as, whenever 2. as soon

38、 as, the moment, the second, hardly (scarcely)when, no sooner Than3： the first time ; the last time 4: before , after , until , till 知識(shí)充電 時(shí)間狀語從句最?？紈hen 和before，因?yàn)樗麄兌季哂卸嗔x性，需要根據(jù)不同語境判斷含義需求。When 1）當(dāng)時(shí) 2）突然 3）引導(dǎo)非時(shí)間狀語可表“在的情況下”，“雖然”。Before 含義雖然是“在之前”，但語境下譯法靈活，造成考試難度1); .才； 2）：。（過來多久）就典題直擊2013年湖南）You must le

39、arn to consult your feelings and your reason _ you reach any decision.A. although B. before C. because D. unless 問問自己感受，先明確理由，后做決定。（2013年陜西）I have heard a lot of good things about you _ I came back from abroad.since B. until C. before D. when【考點(diǎn)】 考查哪個(gè)時(shí)間狀語引導(dǎo)詞與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)合作。【知識(shí)充電】hear sth. About sb. 聽說關(guān)于某人的

40、。Hear from :收到某人的來信 （2012山東）He smiled politely _ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. A. as B. if C. unles D. though【邏輯鏈】 兩個(gè)事件同時(shí)發(fā)生，as。 if，unless表?xiàng)l件；though表盡管。不合題意?！局R(shí)充電】 apologize道歉，apology名詞。 drunk，drunken都可作定語，醉酒的。 drunken多一個(gè)含義：常醉的。2011福建卷）It was April 29, 2001 _ Prince William and Kate Middle

41、ton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.that B. when C. since D. before【考點(diǎn)】區(qū)分時(shí)間狀語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。觀察介詞的有無：It was on April 29 that; It was April 29 when.【知識(shí)充電】palace宮殿，place地方；wedding ceremony婚禮儀式，wedding reception婚宴接待2004遼寧） We were told that we should follow the main road_we reached the cent

42、ral railway station.A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever【對(duì)比時(shí)間狀語引導(dǎo)詞】 whenever，無論何時(shí)，事件可以任何時(shí)間發(fā)生，不固定。 until，動(dòng)作延續(xù)到后邊時(shí)間點(diǎn)結(jié)束。 while后是前面動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間區(qū)間范圍。（2012全國卷II）I had hardly got to the office _ my wife phoned me to go back home at once. A. when B. than C. until D. after 【知識(shí)充電】 hardlywhen= no sooner than，兩

43、句動(dòng)作先后發(fā)生，相隔甚短；且，前半句用過去完成時(shí)。若否定副詞位于句首，要倒裝前半句。 as soon as，一就，后邊時(shí)間動(dòng)作即可是過去，也可是將來。知識(shí)充電The first time, next time引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，不用加that。Next time you get lost, stay where you are, waiting for help. （時(shí)間狀語從句）I was deeply impressed the first time I came here. （時(shí)間狀語從句）This is the first time (that) I have been here. （

44、定語從句）（2010陜西）John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since【考點(diǎn)】 not long before不久就【對(duì)比】 Ten months passed before I knew it.一晃十個(gè)月已經(jīng)過去，我才意識(shí)到。能力突破（2008遼寧）I used to love that film_I was a child, but I dont feel it that way any more.once B. when C. since D.

45、although【對(duì)比時(shí)間狀語引導(dǎo)詞】 once，一就，跟短暫動(dòng)作； since，自從，后跟過去時(shí)間，謂語用現(xiàn)在完成； when，當(dāng)時(shí)，兼容所有。（2005安徽）That was really a splendid evening. Its years_I enjoyed myself so much.when B. that C. before D. since【高級(jí)詞匯】 splendid極好的【考點(diǎn)】 It is（has been）+時(shí)間段since：自從已有 多久。此句準(zhǔn)確譯法：很久沒有如此開心了！ It wont be long before過不了多久就2007天津）It is di

46、fficult for us to learn a lesson in life_weve actually had that lesson.A. until B. after C. since D. when【對(duì)比時(shí)間狀語引導(dǎo)詞】 肯定謂語與until合作，謂語是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作； since后用過去時(shí)。 when所指的時(shí)間是前面句子所描述的事件的發(fā)生時(shí)間。 after前面事件發(fā)生晚，后面事件發(fā)生早。（2011江西卷 ） Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or_ it is convenient to you

47、. A. whenever B. however C. whichever D. wherever【證據(jù)鏈】 A or B是同類，由于this afternoon是時(shí)間，所以or后必是時(shí)間?！靖呒?jí)詞匯】convenient方便，對(duì)于某人方便，后邊跟to；不跟for。備考指津 1. 熟練區(qū)分時(shí)間狀語引導(dǎo)詞的特色，仔細(xì)識(shí)別前后動(dòng)作的短暫、延續(xù)屬性。 2. 參考題干含義邏輯，邏輯鏈也很重要。 狀語從句 第二講 讓步狀語從句一、考點(diǎn)透視【考綱定位】狀語從句是必考點(diǎn)，讓步狀語從句是常考點(diǎn)。【考點(diǎn)內(nèi)涵】盡管（雖然,即使），主句千萬不要加but；無論（不管） Though，although，even if，

48、while，as no matter what （who；which；when；where；how） Whatever；whoever；whenever；wherever；however二、典題直擊（2011陜西 ） _all of them are strong candidates，only one will be chosen for the post. A. Since B. While C. If D. As 【知識(shí)充電】candidate候選人；post崗位；choose chose chosen 【邏輯鏈】選手雖然都很強(qiáng)，但只能選一個(gè)。while表盡管，位于前半句；as表盡管，位

49、于前半句第二個(gè)字 的位置。2013年江蘇）In the global economy，a new drug for cancer，_ it is discovered，will create many economic possibilities around the world.A. whatever B. whoever C. whenever D. whichever【高級(jí)詞匯】global economy環(huán)球經(jīng)濟(jì)；drug藥，毒品；possibility可能【考點(diǎn)】whenever引導(dǎo)的此句是讓步狀語，意思是“不管（2013年遼寧） One can always manage to do mo