反意疑問(wèn)句用法完全歸納

1、1反意疑問(wèn)句用法完全歸納一、基本用法與結(jié)構(gòu) 反意疑問(wèn)句由“陳述句+簡(jiǎn)略疑問(wèn)句”兩部分組成，第一部分提岀一種看法，第二部分用來(lái)質(zhì)疑或表示證 實(shí)。陳述部分與疑問(wèn)部分的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)應(yīng)保持一致，而且肯定和否定形式彼此相反，即陳述部分 為肯定式時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用否定式，陳述部分為否定式時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用肯定式：He likes English, doesn t he? 他喜歡英語(yǔ)，是嗎？He doesn t like English, does he?他不喜歡英語(yǔ)，是嗎？【注】1.若陳述部分含有 seldom, hardly, never, few, nothing等否定詞或半否定詞,其疑問(wèn)部分要用肯式：

2、He has few friends here, has he?他在這兒幾乎沒(méi)什么朋友，是嗎？She said nothing, did she?她什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)，是不是？2.若陳述部分含有帶否定前綴的詞，疑問(wèn)部分仍用否定式：It is unfair, isn t it?這不公平，不是嗎？It is impossible, isn t it? 那是不可能的，是嗎？二、反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)問(wèn)題|1.基本原則：疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與陳述部分主語(yǔ)一致，且只能是代詞：誤：Mary is a nurse, isn t Mary?正：Mary is a nurse, isn t she? 瑪麗是護(hù)士，對(duì)嗎？2.當(dāng)陳述

3、部分為為 there be 句型時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分仍用there 作“主語(yǔ)”：There was nothing in the room, was there?房間里什么也沒(méi)有，是嗎？3.當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是指示代詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用it, they等代詞：That is a new car, isn t it? 這是一輛新汽車(chē)，是嗎？4.當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，若陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為somebody, someone,every one, everybody, no one, n obody等復(fù)合不定代詞，其反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)在正式文體中用 he，在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中通常用they:Nobody w

4、as late, were they?沒(méi)有一個(gè)人遲到，是嗎？當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是somethi ng, an ythi ng, nothi ng, everythi ng等復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí),其反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)要用it :Everything is ready, isn t it?一切都準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？Nothing is important, is it?沒(méi)有什么重要的，不是嗎？三、陳述部分有動(dòng)詞 have 的反意疑問(wèn)句1.當(dāng) have 為助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其反意疑問(wèn)句沿用同樣的助動(dòng)詞：He has already left, hasn t he? 他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了，是嗎？2.當(dāng) have 為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要分兩種

5、情況：若表示“所有”，反意疑問(wèn)句可以用have，也可以用 do：He has a lot of fri ends here, hasn t doesn t he? 他在這兒有許多朋友，是嗎？但是若陳述部分用的是 have 的否定式，反意疑問(wèn)句用have 還是用 do，取決于陳述部分的動(dòng)詞形式:He hasn t any money, has he? 他沒(méi)有錢(qián)，是嗎？He doesn t have any money, does he?他沒(méi)有錢(qián)，是嗎?若表示“吃”、“玩”等意思，反意疑問(wèn)句要用do：He has supper at 5, doesn t he? 他 5 點(diǎn)吃晚餐，是嗎？He ha

6、d a good time at the party, didn t he? 他在晚會(huì)上玩得很開(kāi)心，是嗎？23.當(dāng)用于have to 時(shí)，通常也有兩種可能：若表示經(jīng)常性的行為，則多用加助動(dòng)詞do 的形式；若表示特定的行為，則多用 have: |He often has to get up early, doesn t he? 他經(jīng)常要早起，是嗎？He has to go to bed late tonight, hasn t he? 他今晚要遲睡，是嗎？四、 含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的反意疑問(wèn)句1.基本原則：在通常情況下，當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分會(huì)重復(fù)前面同樣的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：He can speak

7、English, can t he ?他會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，是嗎？We shouldn t go, should we? 我們不應(yīng)該去，對(duì)不對(duì)？2.當(dāng)陳述部分含有 must 時(shí)，要分兩種情況：1若 must 表示必須”或有必要”，疑問(wèn)部分用mustn t 或 needn t :You must leave at once, mustn t needn t you? 你必須（有必要）馬上離開(kāi)，是嗎？但是若陳述部分有 mustn t表示禁止，疑問(wèn)部分要 must:You mustn t laugh, must you?你不準(zhǔn)笑，知道嗎？2若 must 表示推測(cè)，疑問(wèn)部分不能用must，而應(yīng)根據(jù) must 后

8、的動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)采用相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞形式：He must be tired, isn t he? 他一定累了，是嗎？五、陳述部分為祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句1.基本原則：若陳述部分為祈使句，疑問(wèn)部分通常用will you :Please help us, will you?請(qǐng)幫幫我們，好嗎？Come with us, will you?同我們一起去，好嗎？Dori t forget to post the letter, will you?請(qǐng)別忘了寄信。2.當(dāng)祈使句為 Let s時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分總是用shall we :Let s go there together, shall we?我們一起去，好嗎？Let s

9、sit under the tree, shall we?咱們就坐這樹(shù)下吧，好不好？|3.當(dāng)祈使句為 Let us時(shí)，若表示請(qǐng)求，疑問(wèn)部分用 will you ，若表示建議，疑問(wèn)部分用 shall we :Let us know your address, will you?請(qǐng)把你的地址告訴我們，好嗎？Let us go swim ming together, shall we?我們一起去游泳好嗎 ?六、陳述部分為主從復(fù)合句的反意疑問(wèn)句1.當(dāng)陳述部分為主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分一般應(yīng)與主句保持一致：He said that he didn t like it, didn t he? 他說(shuō)他不喜歡它

10、，是不是？He knows where I live, doesn t he? 他知道我住什么地方，是不是？|2.當(dāng)陳述部分為 I think （believe, suppose） that.等時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分通常與從句保持一致（注意否定的轉(zhuǎn)移）：I think that it is too short, isn t it?我認(rèn)為它太短了，對(duì)不對(duì)（它太短嗎）?I don t think he will come, will he?我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來(lái)，對(duì)嗎（他會(huì)來(lái)嗎）？【注】這類(lèi)用法主要限于主語(yǔ)為第一人稱(chēng)且think 等動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的情形。七、反意疑問(wèn)句其他幾種用法31.當(dāng)陳述部分是 lm 時(shí)，疑問(wèn)

11、部分通常用aren t II m wrong, aren t I? 我錯(cuò)了，是嗎？I m older than you, aren t I? 我年紀(jì)比你大，對(duì)不對(duì)？2.當(dāng)陳述部分是 I wish時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分通常用may II wish to go with them, may I?我想同他們一起去，可以嗎?3.當(dāng)陳述部分有 had better時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用 had：He d better leave here, hadn t he? 他最好離開(kāi)這兒，是嗎？4.含有 ought to的反意疑問(wèn)句，陳述部分是肯定的，疑問(wèn)部分用should nt / ought nt+主語(yǔ)。|_| He ough

12、t to know what to do, ought nt he? / should nt he?5.陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是used to 時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用 did nt + 主語(yǔ)或 used nt + 主語(yǔ)。He used to take pictures there, did nt he? / used nt he?6.陳述部分有 would rather +v.，疑問(wèn)部分多用would nt + 主語(yǔ)。He would rather read it ten times tha n recite it, would nt he?7.陳述部分有 Youd like to +v.疑問(wèn)部分用 woul

13、d nt + 主語(yǔ)。Youd like to go with me, would nt you?8 .感嘆句中，疑問(wèn)部分用be +主語(yǔ)。What colours, arent they?What a smell, is nt it?9.陳述部分由 neithernor, either or 連接的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分根據(jù)其實(shí)際 邏輯意義而定。|Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?10. 并列復(fù)合句疑問(wèn)部分，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should

14、have been in China now,should nt he?11 帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 dare 或 need 的反意疑問(wèn)句，疑問(wèn)部分常用need (dare ) + 主語(yǔ)。We n eed not do it aga in, n eed we ?He dare not say so, dare you?當(dāng) dare, need為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用助動(dòng)詞do +主語(yǔ)。She does nt dare to go home alone, does she?12.當(dāng)陳述部分以 one 不定代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)在正式常場(chǎng)用one，非正式場(chǎng)合用 he。E.g. One should le

15、arn from others, shouldnou? t one / yOne can t be one s own master, can one?One can not be too careful, can one?13.當(dāng)陳述部分是 I m sure tha； we are sure ; I m afraid that; We are sure that ; I feel sure that 等后面跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句與后面的賓語(yǔ)從句一致。414. 當(dāng)陳述句的主語(yǔ)為 each 時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用he。E.g. Each has his strong points, hasn

16、t he? / doesn t he?15. 當(dāng)陳述句的主語(yǔ)為 each of us, each of you, each of them 時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用we,you, they。E.g. Each of us has been here, haven t we?Each of them has an En glish dicti on ary, have n t they?16. 當(dāng)陳述句的主語(yǔ)為 each of 結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用he ,she, it 強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，用we, you, they 強(qiáng)調(diào)全體。E.g. Each of these novels is to be d

17、iscussed this term, isn t it?Each of us have got the prize, haven t we?17. 陳述句主語(yǔ)為 such 時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)單數(shù)用it，復(fù)數(shù)用 they。E.g. Such is his trick, isn t it?Such are your excuses, aren t they?18. 在none of 結(jié)構(gòu)中，如 of 后的名詞或代詞是單數(shù)，后面的主語(yǔ)也為單數(shù)，這種情 況，主要由于 of 后的名詞或代詞為不可數(shù)名詞.E.g. None of it is here, is it?19. 當(dāng)陳述句部分是 there

18、used to be 結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句用 wasn t (weren t)thereE.g. There used to be three pine trees in the yard, weren t there?There used to be shop at the corner of the street, wasn t there?快速記憶表陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)部分Iarent IWishmay +主語(yǔ)no,nothing,no body ,n ever,few, seldom, hardly,肯定含義rarely, little等否定含義的詞ought to（肯定的）should

19、nt/ ought nt +主語(yǔ)have to+v.(had to+v.)dont + 主語(yǔ)(didnt +主語(yǔ)）used todid nt +主語(yǔ)或 used nt +主語(yǔ)had better + v.had nt youwould rather + v.would nt + 主語(yǔ)youd like to + v.would nt +主語(yǔ)must根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定感嘆句中be +主語(yǔ)Neither nor,either or 連接的根據(jù)其實(shí)際邏輯意義而定5并列主語(yǔ)指示代詞或不定代詞everythi ng,that,主語(yǔ)用 it6nothin g,this并列復(fù)合句謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定定語(yǔ)

20、從句，賓語(yǔ)從句的 主從復(fù)合句thin k,believe,expect,Let us 開(kāi)頭的祈使句Will you?there be相應(yīng)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+there（省略主語(yǔ)代詞）否定前綴不能視為否定詞仍用否定形式must 表推測(cè)”根據(jù)其推測(cè)的情況來(lái)確定反意疑問(wèn)句林）There is little milk in the bottle,_?2.（改為反意疑問(wèn)句） The old man can hardly dress himself.（2004 年黑龍江哈爾濱）The old man can hardly dress himself,_ ?3.（改為反意疑問(wèn)句） Jim s never come

21、to school late ,_ ?（2004 年湖南常德）根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定suppose,imagi ne 等弓丨導(dǎo)everybody,a nyone,somebody ,n obody ,noone 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 dare 或 need與賓語(yǔ)從句相復(fù)數(shù) they, 單數(shù) hen eed （dare ） + 主語(yǔ)dare, need為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞省去主語(yǔ)的祈使句Lets 開(kāi)頭的祈使句do +主語(yǔ)will you ？Shall we?習(xí)題：一、 構(gòu)成形式：附加疑問(wèn)句”1. She is a singer,_A. doesn t sheB. hasn t sheC. isn t she2.（改為反意

22、疑問(wèn)句） Melissa got a birthday prese nt.Melissa got a birthday prese nt,_?答案：1. C 2. didn t she二、反意疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)：回答若為肯定句則前為“Yes”，若為否定句則前用。如果前邊的陳述句為否定句，其回答應(yīng)“實(shí)事求是”Cats are as big as tigers,（2005 年江蘇南通）B. No they aren t D. No, they are“肯定的陳述部分+否定的附加疑問(wèn)句“或”否定的陳述部分+肯定的？（ 2005 年重慶）（2005 年四No1.aren t they ？2.A. Yes,

23、they areC. Yes, they arenYou will go swimmi ng this Saturday_ . I have to work this Saturday.，won t you ？（2005 年四川?。〤. No, I won tA. Yes , I willB. Yes, I won t答案：B C |三、陳述句中如有否定詞 hardly , never , few , little , no , nobody , n owhere, nothi ng 等時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句要用肯定形式1.（變反意疑問(wèn)句）.There is little milk in the bo

24、ttle.（2005 年廣西74.（改為反意疑問(wèn)句） Miss King hardly spoke a word the whole time.（2004年廣東廣州）Miss ki ng hardly spoke a word the whole time,_ ?答案：1. is there 2. can he 3. has he 4. did she四、陳述句中如有 have 時(shí)，須注意 have 若是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，附加疑問(wèn)句可用have 形式，也可用 do 形式；當(dāng)陳述句中的have 是助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句要用do 的適當(dāng)形式1.（改為反意疑問(wèn)句） Bruce s just come back from England.（2