初中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的解題技巧

1、初中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的解題技巧閱讀理解也是中考英語(yǔ)題的必考題目之一, 此題型旨在考查學(xué)生閱讀,理解 的水平,幾年來(lái),中考英語(yǔ)題中的閱讀理解材料新,題材豐富,考查學(xué)生綜合推 斷水平,根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇猜單詞意思的水平的力度加大,也考查學(xué)生關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)的水平. 所以學(xué)生往往要么沒(méi)能正確理解語(yǔ)篇中某些句子的意思,在細(xì)節(jié)題上丟分,要么就是對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的整體把握不夠,在綜合題或者推斷題方面丟分.那么到底怎么做好 閱讀理解這一題型呢我將從以下三個(gè)方面談?wù)撨@個(gè)問(wèn)題：一、解題思路一先讀問(wèn)題,弄活考查要點(diǎn),以便能帶著問(wèn)題看文章,這樣會(huì)心中有數(shù),有 的放欠.二快速瀏覽全文,掌握全貌,注意發(fā)現(xiàn)與問(wèn)題有關(guān)的信息,如果時(shí)間緊,至 少要掃視一下

2、起首段和尾段.再把標(biāo)題和文章內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來(lái)想一想, 這樣全文大 意便活楚了.此時(shí),不要忙丁做題.三細(xì)讀原文,捕捉相關(guān)信息詞,掌握短文細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容.這是解題的關(guān)鍵,應(yīng)特 別注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1. 抓住四個(gè)"W"和一個(gè)"H",就是邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標(biāo)記,把What 事件,When 時(shí)間,Where 地點(diǎn),Why原因,How經(jīng)過(guò)戈仙來(lái).抓住了四個(gè)“ W和一個(gè)“ H',就抓住了文章的全貌,一些直接性的問(wèn)題便可解決.2. 抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入語(yǔ)等.由于這些詞具有 因果,讓步,遞進(jìn),轉(zhuǎn)折,指代,列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能. 這對(duì)考

3、生分活文章層次,辨明各種關(guān)系,了解人物心理,推斷作者意圖,進(jìn)行邏 輯推理等手段來(lái)分析難點(diǎn),都具有舉足輕重的作用.3. 注意領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的寓意.4 .根據(jù)題意,初選答案.這一步須仔細(xì)審題,領(lǐng)會(huì)測(cè)試要求,確定解題方法. 對(duì)那些明顯的,有把握的題可以斷然確定,不必把其余三個(gè)答案再作推敲而浪費(fèi) 時(shí)間：有些略難的題,應(yīng)再查閱短文不是重讀一遍,迅速找出依據(jù),予以排 除.常用的解題方法有如下幾種： 直接解題法.即從原文中直接找出答案. 歸納解題法.對(duì)丁不能從原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中央和線 索的前題下進(jìn)行概括、歸納得出正確答案. 綜合推理法.讀者需統(tǒng)觀全文,認(rèn)真分析,綜合推理及至計(jì)算,最后歸納出 正確答

4、案.題 T 中有"suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to"等字眼時(shí),屆丁推斷概括型,考查內(nèi)容著眼丁全篇,考生應(yīng)具備一定的分析歸納,推理等邏輯思維水平. 捕捉關(guān)鍵詞.在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)該注意與問(wèn)題相關(guān)的同義詞,近義詞,反義詞 或同位詞等信息詞來(lái)得出正確答案. 轉(zhuǎn)換解題法.即原文這么說(shuō),而在問(wèn)題和所給選項(xiàng)中那么用另外的詞去轉(zhuǎn) 換一種說(shuō)法,但仍表示同一含義. 排除法.根據(jù)語(yǔ)言,句法結(jié)構(gòu),信息詞和常識(shí),在沒(méi)有把握的選項(xiàng)中用 排除法得出正確答案.四、重讀原文,仔細(xì)斟酌核對(duì)答案.在解完最后一道

5、題后,如果時(shí)間允許,再 將原文讀一遍；用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各思考題,研究其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系, 目的在丁對(duì)所做答案進(jìn)一步審查,推出未解答的題,以便減少失誤.二、題型分類(lèi)初中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解往往有以下三大題型,抓住它的解法和思路,就可以順利做好這些題目：一選擇符合文章的選項(xiàng)二判斷正誤三根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容答復(fù)以下問(wèn)題,現(xiàn)今該題型歸納在任務(wù)型閱讀中,此處不做詳解.典型例題分析一根據(jù)內(nèi)容,從短文后每題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最正確的一項(xiàng).Mr Brown first went to look at the underground - fire whenhe was seven. "Through the ho

6、le 洞in the earth you could see the orange fire, but you had to look fast because it was so hot," said Mr Brown. In 1898, he saw the fire once more再一 次.Now, we can only see the smoke. The fire Mr Brown saw is not the underground - fire. In fact, there are 260 coal 煤fires in the world. They are h

7、armful 有害and dangerous. Then how to put them out?Scientists have tried to set放置fire to underground coal to speed up加速the fires. In this way, the burning燃燒of underground coal would be soon finished.被燒完.1. Mr Brown first saw the underground - fire.A. at the age of sevenB. seven years oldC. in the year

8、 of 1898D. more than 超過(guò)80 years ago2. Mr Brown said that we had to take a fast look at the fire becauseA. it was in the holeB. it was very hotC. it was orangeD. it was harmful3. How many coal fires are there in the world?A. There's only one. B. It's hard to say.C. There are 260. D. The artic

9、le文章doesn't tell us.4. What's one of the best ways to put out 撲滅the underground fire?A. To cover 覆蓋the holes with stones 石塊.B. To speed up the fires.C. To see the fires burning.D. To do some experiments試驗(yàn).5. What is the best title 標(biāo)題for the article?A. Watching the Underground - Fire.B. A Way

10、 to Put Out the Coal Fires.C. The Burning Earth.D. Coal and Coal Fires.二根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容判斷正誤Fred telephoned his wife. “I' ve got two free tickets for the theatre tonight, he told her. “ Meet me outside the office. Wd ll have something to eat and then go on to the theatre.Fred's wife was very pleased.

11、They hadn't been to the theatre for a longtime. She met her husband as he told her. They had dinner and got to the theatre just in time.At the entrance Fred took out his wallet to get the tickets.“It' s verystrange, he said. “They aren't here! “Try your pockets, said his wife. But the ti

12、ckets weren't there, either.Then Fred looked very embarrassed ( 為難). “What' s the matter? asked his wife. “Well," Fred said, “I remember what I did with my tickets. I put them in my bag. But because I wasrt going home, I left it in the office!"()1. One day, Fred was given the ticke

13、ts for the theatre.()2. Fred and his wife went to thetheatre quite often.()3. Fred wanted to meet his wife in a restaurant.()4. They reached the theatre neitherlate nor early.()5. Then Fred couldn' t find his tickets and remembered what he haddone with the tickets.(三) 閱讀下面短文,然后答復(fù)文后問(wèn)題.Taking exam

14、s always makes me nervous. What about you? Here are some suggestions that my friend offers mePreparing for examsThe most important part of preparing for an exam is to know what to study. Review subjects you've spent a long time on during classesook through what you were asked to read and topics

15、of essays and homework or ask your teachers to see if they can give a few suggestions Once you know what to study, the next is to know how to study.Arriving at an examHow you arrive at an exam will decide how you take your exam. Be sure to arrive： Early.With a full stomach.Well rested.With all the t

16、hings you will need for the exam.Having your own exam habitsBefore you begin your exan be sure to Set up your things close byPut your name and other identification information on your exam-answer sheet Read all the directionsMake a brief plan about how you will divide your time between sectionsTake

17、a few deep breaths every time you feel nervousIf you prepare well for your exam, arrive confidently and settle in before you begin. Don't spend more time on a question that you should unless you're ahead of schedule 時(shí)間表).根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,答復(fù)下面的問(wèn)題.1. What is the most important before you take an exam?2.

18、 Should you arrive at an exam early or on time?3. What should you do if you feel nervous just before an exam?4. How would you feel if you got everything ready?三、題材分析一家庭、朋友與個(gè)人情況在中考閱讀理解中,記敘文閱讀題目的考查難度逐年增加,多使用貼近學(xué)生生活的素材,多以故事形式出現(xiàn).針對(duì)這種題型主要抓四大要素,即時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、 人物和事件的起因、開(kāi)展和結(jié)果,以及人物之間的關(guān)系,從中分析他們的思想品 質(zhì)、性格特征等；理解文章大意后,找出

19、關(guān)鍵的句子和一些與考查內(nèi)容有關(guān)的問(wèn) 題所在,這樣,便丁我們解題時(shí)順藤摸瓜,找出問(wèn)題的答案.這類(lèi)閱讀一般是對(duì)文章理解水平的考查,抓住文章的關(guān)鍵句和關(guān)鍵詞是非常重要的.做題思路：先看活題干,帶著問(wèn)題讀文章,明確把握問(wèn)題指向,預(yù)防 回視 現(xiàn)象,提升做題的速度.例如：1990 was a significant year in world events In February, Nelson Mandela was set free after 27 years in prison In October, East and West Germany became one country again.

20、Then at the end of 1990 the World Wide Web was born. For this final event we have one man to thank Tim Berners Lee, the father of the Web.Berners Lee was born on June 8 1955 in London, England. His parents both computer designers encouraged him to think and work creatively as he grew up He was an ex

21、cellent student and naturally took an interest in computers and scien ceAfter graduating from Oxford University , Tim went to work at a science research centre in Switzerland. There he developed some of the different systems that would later become the Web The first was HTML ,the computer language u

22、sed to make web pages The second was an address system that let computers anywhere find each other and send and receive information. In 1990, while still at the science centre in Switzerland, he put them together to make the first Internet browsei覽器.It could run on any computer and allowed people to

23、 creat website to share their information with the rest of the world.Tim knew that the more people used the Web the more useful it would be. He wasn't interested in money but knowledge, so he gave out his invention for free to anyone who was interested Many were interested and the growth of the

24、Internet beganToday Tim works as a professor at the MIT in America , researching new and interesting ways to use the Web He has received many awards from governments and organizations for his efforts He is still not very interested in money. That is why he is so admired by his students and workmates

25、 It may also be one of the reasons that few people outside the world of technology know his name閱讀短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最正確答案.()1. The underlined word "significant" (in Paragraph 1) most probably meansA. strange B. terrible C. important D . difficult()2. Which of the following statements is true acco

26、rding to the passage?A. The address system was used to make web pagesB. The World Wide Web was created in SwitzerlandC. The first web browser was very expensive to buyD. Many people could use the Internet before 1990()3. What can we learn about Berners Lee from the passage?A. He was encouraged to be

27、 creativeB. He didn't do well at school.C. He is a very poor businessmanD. He is well known all over the world .()4. Where does Berners Lee live today?A. England. B. Switzerland. C. America. D. Canada ()5. What is the passage mainly about?A. The events that took place in 1990B. The history of th

28、e Internet.C. The invention of the Internet browser.D. The man who created the Word Wide Web(二) 學(xué)校生活與語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)校園生活與語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)是中考閱讀理解考查的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)話題,一方面與學(xué)生生活、學(xué)習(xí)、交流等息息相關(guān)；另一方面,來(lái)自社會(huì),緊貼社會(huì)生活,具有一定的 時(shí)代感和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義.這類(lèi)話題多是說(shuō)明文,做題時(shí)要注意說(shuō)明的對(duì)象、內(nèi)容及說(shuō) 明方法.這類(lèi)題要注意每段話的開(kāi)頭局部,整體把握材料信息.做題思路：把握信息,找出題眼,梳理信息,進(jìn)行解答問(wèn)題.When you see the girl for the first

29、 time, you may think she is a boy She is very outgoing(夕卜向的). Who is she? Wang Meng the Chinese top skaterOn the evening of February 26th 2021, Wang Meng first got to the finishing line in 1 minute and 29.213 seconds in the women's 1000 meters short track speed skating final(短道速滑決賽)at the Vancou

30、ver Olympic Winter Games(溫哥華冬奧 會(huì)).After she succeeded in the 500-metre and 3000-metre races she won her third gold medal this time. With this one China won four gold medals in the women's short track speed skating. That helped China first win the team gold medal in Winter Olympics history.Just b

31、efore the final race Wang Meng caught a bad cold and coughed terribly . With the words of "You can , you can do!" she won at last She said, "I really feel these three gold medals belong to my team to China. It was with the help of my team that I won the prize "Though Wang Meng is

32、 only twenty-four, she has been the most successful Chinese skater We are proud of her and her teamWe hope she will be faster in Sochi Olympics in 2021.閱讀短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最正確答案.()1. China won gold medals in the women's short track speed skatingA. 2 B . 3 C . 4 D. 5()2 . It took Wang Meng 1 minute and

33、29.213 seconds to finish the short track speed skating finalA. women's 1000B. men's 1000C. women's 500D. men's 500()3. In Wang Meng's opinion, made her win the prize at lastA. a strong bodyB. a bad coldC. her team's helpD. much exercise()4. Which of the following is NOT true

34、according to the passage?A. Wang Meng is very outgoing like a boy.B. Wang Meng is the most successful Chinese skaterC. Chinese people are proud of Wang Meng and her teamD. China has got the team gold medal twice in Winter Olympics history(三) 天氣與自然隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速開(kāi)展,社會(huì)和諧已提上日程,天氣與自然環(huán)境很快就成 為人們關(guān)注的話題之一.此類(lèi)話題多是說(shuō)明

35、文和議論文. 這就要求我們了解說(shuō)明 文和議論文的特點(diǎn),這樣才能對(duì)問(wèn)題進(jìn)一步地分析和解讀, 才能自覺(jué)地完成命題 要求,取得高分.解題思路：把握該類(lèi)話題的特征,對(duì)所給信息進(jìn)行歸納整合例如：Earthquakes happen without warning前兆).They can happen any time of a day at any point during the year. When an earthquake is happening, you should know what you should do or not do.Do NOT go outside. You could

36、 get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings. If you are outside, stay away from buildings and power lines谿電線).Stay under a desk table, or other strong furniture Hold on to it. Or stay in a corner of the building . Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or

37、 clothing . Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.Keep away from windows, pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building , and anything else that could fall and hurt you. Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake not by the shaking itself.Also keep

38、 away from a fire. You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire.If you are driving when an earthquake happens, stop the car if it's safe . Stay inside your car until the earthquake stop sand don't drive near bridgesTry not to stop by power lines or trees These could fall and hurt you閱讀短

39、文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最正確答案.()1. It isn't safe for you to while the earthquake is happeningA. run out of the buildingB. stay in a corner of the buildingC. cover your head with your armsD. cover your mouth with a towel2. From this passage we know.A. many people fear earthquakesB. earthquakes maybe happen at

40、any timeC. we can't save ourselves in an earthquakeD. people never get injured in earthquakes3. The best title for this passage should be ".'A. How Earthquakes HappenB. How to Drive a CarC. What We Should Do in EarthquakesD. Why Earthquakes Happen四歷史與地理本話題在中考中所占比例不多,在歷史方面要注意歷史事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地

41、點(diǎn)、原因以及有何影響等,而對(duì)地理知識(shí)的考查,一般多與旅游觀光等內(nèi)容相結(jié) 合,這就要求我們了解各地的名勝古跡、遺址等.解題思路：熟悉文章,找準(zhǔn)問(wèn)題關(guān)鍵所在,提升解題速度和質(zhì)量. 例如：On February 3rd 1949, New York Harbor港was an exciting place Many people were there to greet a ship from France. On the ship were 49 French railroad boxcars成車(chē)車(chē)廂filled with gifts from the people of France to the

42、 people of America. These boxcars were from the famous Merci Train Merci , a French word meaning "thank you".After world War U 二戰(zhàn),a lot of factories, roads and farms in France had been destroyed Many French people had no jobs or money and had little to wear and little to eat. In the winter

43、 of 1947 , a train was sent across the United States stopping in cities and towns along the way . At every stop, people gave whatever they could. Factories gave clothing and medicine. Farmers gave food. Families gave money. Even school children gave away their pocket moneys用錢(qián).All the things were the

44、n taken to France by shipBy 1949, the French had begun to recove恢復(fù)from the war. The Merci Train was their way of saying "thank you" to America French people had filled the boxcars with gifts . Most of them were personal like hand-made toy§ children's drawings, or postcards But the

45、 boxcars themselves were perhaps the most meaningful of the gifts. On each car, the French people had painted the pictures of all their 40 provinces, with an American eagle on the front The boxcars were taken to each state of America, where they were warmly greetedNow many of the states still keep t

46、heir boxcars Gifts sent by the French people can still be seen in some museums The Merci Train came out of the war, but it now reminds the world that countries can also work together in peace平.閱讀短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最正確答案.()1. Many people crowded at New York Harbor on February 3rd, 1949 toA. welcome the Merci

47、 TrainB. meet their familiesC. have a big partyD. start a trip by ship()2. In 1947, a train stopped in cities across America in order toA. give away clothing and foodB. get more soldiers for the warC. collect things to help French peopleD. show exhibitions from the museums()3. The underlined word &q

48、uot;them" in Paragraph 3 refers to(旨)A. the American peopleB. the French peopleC. the boxcarsD. the gifts()4. The French people painted their 40 provinces and an American eagle on each boxcar becauseA. they thought France was stronger than AmericaB. it could show the friendship between the two

49、countriesC. the boxcars would be more beautifulD. they were very good at painting pictures()5. The passage is mainly aboutA. the story of the Merci TrainB. American museums where the boxcars are keptC. gifts that American people likedD. World War U(五) 社會(huì)萬(wàn)象在中考閱讀理解中,本話題包括的題材很多,它們來(lái)自生活,來(lái)自社會(huì),針 對(duì)這些題材要求抓住關(guān)

50、鍵的句子和一些與考查內(nèi)容有關(guān)的問(wèn)題所在,這樣便丁我們解題時(shí) 順藤摸瓜,找出問(wèn)題的答案.這種題型一般是對(duì)文章理解水平的考查, 抓住文章的關(guān)鍵句和關(guān)鍵詞是非常重要的.解題思路：看活題干,明確把握問(wèn)題指向,帶著問(wèn)題讀文章,預(yù)防 回視 現(xiàn)象,提升做題的速度,提升解題質(zhì)量.例如：In most cultures , when you meet people you know for the first time during a day, it is usual to greet theni Once a young woman from England went to Hong Kong to wor

51、k. When she first arrived, she knew little about the Chinese culture of language On her way to school one day she went to a bank to get some money To her surprise the bank clerk asked her if she had had her lunch She was surprised at such a question because in the British culture it would mean an in

52、vitation to lunch. Between unmarried young people it can also mean the young man's interest in dating the girl. Since this bank clerk was a stranger to the British woman, she was very puzzled, and quickly answered that she had eaten alreadyfter this she went onto school and was even more surpris

53、ed when one of the teachers asked her the same question.By now she understood that it could not be an invitation but was puzzled as to why they asked it. In the following days she was asked the same question again and again and she spent many hours trying to work out why so many people kept asking h

54、er this. At last she thought that these people must be concerned about(關(guān)心)her health. She was rather thin at the time and she thought they must be worrying that she was not eating well!In fact the question like that has no real meaning at aH- it is only a greeting. 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,判斷句子的正誤,正確的在括號(hào)內(nèi)寫(xiě)“T；錯(cuò)誤的寫(xiě)“F；(

55、)1. The young British woman went to Hong Kong for work.()2. The British woman went to the bank to get some money()3. The bank clerk invited the young British woman to lunch.()4. The teacher's question made the British woman happy()5. In fact the young British woman didn't know much about Chi

56、nese culture實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)My brother, Henry, has a good job at a bankl couldn't believe him when he told me that he had decided to give it up Though I tried to make him change his mind, I failed completely."You should reconsider your decision , " I said , "You have already spent five years

57、in the bank and you could have a wonderful future You might become a bank manager by the time you are thirty-five ""I know , " Henry answered, "I have got no complaints with the bank . It is a pleasant job The bank manager told me my future was good ""Then why do you wa

58、nt to leave?" I asked"It's the money, " Henry said."But you are getting a good salary " I answered."I don't mean that," Henry said, "What do I do in the bank? Well, at the moment all I do is to count money. I found it very depressing ""What i

59、s depressing about counting money?" I asked"You don't understand," Henry answered, "I enjoying counting my own money, but I hate counting other people's!"o)1 . The writer wants to know what his brother does at the bank how long his brother has worked at the bank why his brother has decided to leave the bank when his brother will become a bank manager)2. His brother does not enjoy working in pleasant conditions keeping happy hours counting hi