現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解及練習(xí)已用

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞have/has+過(guò)去分詞（done）二. 句型：否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他.一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他.三. 用法（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果I have spent all of my money.（含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒(méi)有錢(qián)花了 .）They have come here.（含義：他們現(xiàn)在在這兒）（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻的，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與for和si nee連用 for+時(shí)段 since+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（譯為：自從以來(lái)） sin ce+

2、時(shí)段 +ago sin ce+從句（過(guò)去時(shí)） ltis+時(shí)段+since+從句（過(guò)去時(shí)）Mary has been ill for 3 days, （since 3 days ago）I have been in the university since 2002.四. has gone （to） ,has been （to） , has been （in）的區(qū)另 UHave/Has gone （to）法了（現(xiàn)在不在說(shuō)話現(xiàn)場(chǎng)）Where is your father ? He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been （to）法過(guò)（已不在去 過(guò)的地方）My fath

3、er has bee n to Shan ghai.Have/has been in :呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）My father has bee n in Shan ghai for two mon ths. /since two mon ths ago.五. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義是過(guò)去已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響，用以下四大標(biāo)志詞可以表達(dá)這種含義:以 already, just 和 yet 為標(biāo)志He has already got her help.他已得到她的幫助。He has just seen the film.他剛剛看過(guò)這場(chǎng)電影。 以 ever禾口 never為標(biāo)志

4、This is the best film I have ever see n.這是我曾經(jīng)看過(guò)的最好的一部電影。He has never been to Beiji ng.他從沒(méi)有至U過(guò)北京。以動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志He says he has bee n to the USA three times.他說(shuō)他已經(jīng)去過(guò)美國(guó)三次了。以so far （到目前為止）為標(biāo)志He has fini shed all of his work so far.到目前為止他完成了所有的工作 注意：1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday,last week, three years ago2

5、）不能與when連用burst hurt let cast cut hit put set shut spreadread原形發(fā)音為/ri:d/過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞 發(fā)音為/red/ AAB型beat beat beaten ABA型become became becomerun ran run七. 瞬間動(dòng)詞變延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(buy5die,join,come, go Jeavejoinbuy-have borrowkeepcome/arrive/reach/get tobe ingo out-beoutleave -beaway不能直接與for since連用。要改變動(dòng)詞beginbe onfin

6、ishbeoverope nbeope nclosebe closeddie-be dead六. 過(guò)去分詞1、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。(1) 、一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。workworkedworked ,visitvisitedvisited(2) 、以“ e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。livelivedlived ,、以輔音字母+ y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將”y”變?yōu)門(mén)，再加 ed ”。studystudiedstudied ,crycriedcried、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”。stop

7、 stoppedstopped , dropdropped-dropped2、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞： AAA型come came comeABB型build built builtcatch caught caught feel felt feltABC型begi n bega n begu nbreak broke broken l.have 代替 buyMy brother has had this bike for almost four years. 2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrowI have kept the book for quite a few days. 3、用 b

8、e 替代 becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher? 4 用 have a cold 代替 catch a coldyesterday.Tom has had a cold since the day before 5、用 wear 代替 put on 6、用be+代替終止性動(dòng)詞用“ be+形容詞”屮終止性動(dòng)詞1 ' be + married 代 marry2、be + ill 代 fall (get) ill3 ' be + dead 代 die4 be + asleep 代 fall (get) asleep5 be + a

9、wake 代 wake/wake up6 be + gone 代 lose,die,sell,leave7 be + open 代 open8 be closed 代 close/shut9 be + missing(goneJost)代 lose用“be+副詞”代終止性動(dòng)詞1 “ be+ on” 代 start,beg in2 “ be 4-up 代 get up3 "be+ back(to) 代 return to,come back to,go back to4 "be here (there)M 代 ome(arrive,reach,get) here 或 go (

10、arrive,reach,get) there 等等用“ be+介詞短語(yǔ)”代終止性動(dòng)詞1. “be in/at + 地點(diǎn)”代替 go to /come to2. 用 be in the army 代替 join the army舉例：常用瞬間動(dòng)詞變延續(xù)T生動(dòng)詞1 have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/go ne/moved to sw.2. have come/g one back/retur ned have bee n back3. have com e/gone out have been out4. have become hav

11、e been5. have got up have been up ；6. have fallen asleep/got to sleephave been asleep ；7. have finished/ended/completed have been over ；8. have begu n have bee n on9. have borrowed/bough t have kept/had10. have/has gone to have bee n in現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)(一)have bee n inot swA）選用have, has填空：1 told him the news.

12、2.She come back from school.B）按要求改寫(xiě)下列各句：4. They have bought a computer.（改成否定句）5. He has lost his book.（先改成一般疑問(wèn)句,再作肯定與否定回答）C）單項(xiàng)選擇6. -Where have you 5 Kate?to the bank.A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gone7. Her grandfather for two years.A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has be

13、en died8. IVs six weeksI met you last.A. when B. since C. before D. for9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.A. have got B. have gone to C. have been to D. have reached現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)（二）一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1 - Both his parents look sad . Maybe they whaVs happened to himA. knew B . have known C . must kn

14、ow D .will know2 He has been to Shanghai, has he ?A. already B.never C.ever D. still3、Have you met Mr Li ?A. just B. ago C .before D. a moment ago4、The famous writerone new book in the past two years .A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written5 Our countrya lot so far.Yes I hope it will be ev

15、en .A. has changed ; well B. changed ; goodC . has changed ; better D . changed ; better6 Zhao Lan alreadyin this school for two years .A. was ; studying B. will ; studyC has ; studied D . are ; studying7 We Xiao Li since she was a little girl.A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew8、 Harry Potte

16、r is a very nice filmit twice .A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see9、 These farmers have been to the United States .Really ? Whenthere ?A. will they go B . did they goC . do they go D. have they gone10 youyour homework yet ?Yes . I it a moment ago .A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finishedC

17、. Have ; done ; have finished D . will ; do ; finish11 ' His fatherthe Party since 1978 .A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in12 Do you know him well ? Sure Wefriends since ten years ago .A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made13 How long have you _ here ?About two months .A.

18、 been B. gone C. come D. arrived14 Hurry up! The playfor ten minutes .A. has begun B. had begunC . has been on D . began15 It ten years since he left the army .A. is B. has C. will D. Was二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1 ' He has never surfed, ?（反意疑問(wèn)句）2、They have been here since 2000.（對(duì)劃線 部分提問(wèn)） have they bee n here?3 Th

19、e old manlast year.Hefor a year, （die）（動(dòng)i司填空）4 This factory opened twenty years ago.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）This factory for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.（同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）Miss Gaoan hour ago.6 Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句）Her motherthe Party three years .7 The Green Family moved to Fran

20、ce two years ago.（ 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換）two years the Green family moved to France.8 The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago.（把 兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子）三、漢譯英。1、吉姆已做完作業(yè)他現(xiàn)在有空了。Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.2、他昨天收到一封信。He received a letter yesterday.3、我父親以前到過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。My father has been to the

21、Great Wall before.4、她還沒(méi)有看過(guò)那部新 電影。She hasn't seen the new film yet.5 她去過(guò)上海 0 She has been to Shanghai.6、他這些天上哪兒去了 ？ Where has he been these days ?參芳合茶一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，重 點(diǎn)在于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是E。2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already （已經(jīng)），ju

22、st （剛剛，正好），ever （曾經(jīng)），never （從來(lái)，也不；從不），before （以前），yet （仍然）等連用。故2應(yīng)選B。3、C4 '現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與recently （近來(lái)），so far （到目前為止）» in the past/ "last+段時(shí)間”等寸間狀語(yǔ)連用。因?yàn)?上述短語(yǔ)表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時(shí)間，句中的動(dòng)作是從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或時(shí)刻開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4應(yīng)選 D。5、C6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常與“for 時(shí)間段或since +過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)“連用（含從句，從句過(guò)去時(shí)）。故6應(yīng)選C。7、C&現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還與once （次）» twice （兩次）» three times （三次）» several times （幾次）等表示重復(fù)次 數(shù)的詞 語(yǔ)連用。故8應(yīng)選B。9、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)容易混淆，就是因?yàn)樗鼈兯硎镜膭?dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但二者又有區(qū)別：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表 示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于陳述一件過(guò)去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有矢 系；