(完整版)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞——不定式講解與練習(xí)

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的類型：不定式(infinitive )、動(dòng)名詞(gerund)、分詞(participle)一、 Infinitive: 不定式(一) Structure 結(jié)構(gòu)： to doNegative 否定： not to doPassive voice 被動(dòng)： to be done(二) 在句中作的成分：6 個(gè)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)1. 作主語(yǔ) Subject 不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往放在謂語(yǔ)之后，用 it 作形式主語(yǔ)。It is adj. (for /of sb) to do sth.It is a pleasure/ an honor/ a pity to doIt ta

2、kes/ took/ will take (sb) time to do2. 表語(yǔ) PredicativeTo see is to believe. = Seeing is believi ng.眼見為實(shí)。3. 賓語(yǔ) object 下面動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢記下列小詩(shī)： 決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。 主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫 一幫。decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask

3、/ beg, help 此外，afford, strive (斗爭(zhēng))等也要用不定式作賓語(yǔ)注意：th ink / con sider/ find/ make/ feel + it （形式賓語(yǔ)）+ adj. + to do4. 賓補(bǔ) Complementadvise, allow, ask, require, tell, order, want, persuade,beg, cause, encourage, expect, wish, forbid, permit, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, prefer, teach, warn,等 + s

4、b to do注意：當(dāng)遇到下列動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不定式省略to：吾看三室兩廳一感覺：五看（watch、see look at、notice、observe）, 三使（let、make have），兩聽（listen to、 hear），一感覺（feel） 以上動(dòng)詞（除了 let、make）還可用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，此外find,catch, keep,也可以用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。特別提示：在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中省略的to要補(bǔ)上。5. 定語(yǔ) attributive例: The topics （discuss） at tomorrow' meeting iscon cer ned about the Ol

5、ympics 2008.注意：如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，則不定式中要有介詞。例: There is nothing to worry.He is looking for a room to live .It' a very good school to study.Please give me a knife to cut.Here is some paper for you to write.特別提示：不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time, place或way時(shí)，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上省去。女口： He had no money and no place to live (in).

6、6. 狀語(yǔ) adverbial(1)表目的 in order to、so as to (2)表原因(3)表結(jié)果 練習(xí)： late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept完成句子1935年，他離開家再也沒回來(lái)。In 1935 he left home n ever.(三)時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式to doto be done進(jìn)行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have bee n done完成進(jìn)行式to have bee

7、n doing1. 般式表示與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在之后發(fā)生。They prete nded not to see us.2. 進(jìn)行式表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的同時(shí)，不定式的動(dòng)作也正在進(jìn)行He prete nded to be sleep ing.3. 完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前She prete nded to have known it before.鞏固練習(xí)： The boy pretended when his mother entered.A. reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being readDo let your mother kn

8、ow all the truth. She appears everything.A. to tell B. to be told C. to be tellingD. to have been toldCharles Babbage is gen erally considered the first computer.A. to invent B. inven ti ng C. to have inven ted D. hav ing inven tedThe Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth for himwithout delay.A. to ha

9、ve wovenB. to be wovenC. to be weavingD. to weave （編織，紡織）（四）不定式與疑問(wèn)詞連用：Who / which/ when/ what/ whom/ whether/ how + 不定式，在句中起名詞作用，可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。例：我不知道是否接受邀請(qǐng)。I don'know .如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題很重要。the problem is very importa nt.我的問(wèn)題是什么時(shí)候開始。My question is .注意 1.區(qū)分 to do、 to do it （用 what、how填空）2. tell, show, unders

10、tand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out + （1）how, what, whether, where, when, who 等 + to do。（2）why +不帶to的不定式。如：Can you tell me why do it?(五)關(guān)于省略1. 不定式中的動(dòng)詞上文已出現(xiàn)過(guò)，下文要省略該動(dòng)詞。expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, t；或出現(xiàn)在 be glad/ happy, would like / love

11、 等的后面例：Would you like to go with me?Yes,.A. I ' like to B. I ' like to go2. 不定式是to be結(jié)構(gòu)，be不可省。例：Would you like to be a teacher?Yes,.A: I ' like to B. I ' like to be鞏固練習(xí)：Did you get a job?No, I , but it 'no use.A. expected B. tried toC. man aged to D. pla nnedThe boy wan ted to ri

12、de his bicycle in the street, but his mother told himA. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to3. 不定式用在介詞 but、except、besides后時(shí)，如果這些介詞前有行 為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，那么介詞后的不定式不帶 to，相反則帶to。例: She could do nothing but .(cry)I have no choice but . (go)What would you like to do besides (sleep)Exercise 練習(xí)：1. My teac

13、her was made (give up) his teaching becauseof poor health.2. The sentence wants/ need (explain) once more.3. We find it impossible for the work (finish) ahead oftime.4. The patient was warned (not eat) oily food after theoperati on.5. I meant (tell) you about it, but I forgot (do)so.答案：1. My teacher

14、 was made to gjyg up his teaching because of poor health,2. The sentence wants Explaining/十o be Explainedonce more.3. We find it impossible for the workio be finished ahead oftime.j4. The patient was warned not to eat oily foodjafter the oper at ion.j5,1 meant to have told you about it, but I forgot

15、 to do so,1 usually go there by trai n.Why not by boat for a change?A. to try going B. trying to goC. to try and go D. try goingRather than on a crowded bus, he always prefers abicycle.A. ride, ride B. riding, rideC. ride, to ride D. to ride, ridi ngWhile shopping, people sometimes can' help int

16、o buyingsomethi ng they dontreally n eed.A. to purseB. persudaingC. being persuaded D. be persuadedShe cant help the house because she busy making a cake.A. to cleanB. cleaningC. cleaned D. being cleanedRobert is said abroad, but I don't know what country he studiedin.A. to have studied B. to st

17、udyC. to be study ingD. to have bee n study ingThe purpose of new tech no logies is to make life easier, itmore difficult.A. not make B. not to makeC. not makingD. don't makeHaving a trip abroad is certa inly good for the old couple, but it rema ins whether they will enjoy it.A. to see B. to be

18、seen C. seeing D. seeThe mother didn't know to blame for the broken glass as ithappened.A. whoB. whenC. how D. whyPaul doesnthave to be made.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learningThe light in the office is still on.Oh, I forgot .A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to tur n it offD. hav ing tur ned it offI would l