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1、PETS英語:英語語法大全-形容詞和副詞-PETS 英語語法大全-形容詞和副詞 4. 形容詞和副詞 4.1 形容詞及其用法 形容詞修飾名詞,說明事物或人的性質或特征。通常, 可將形容詞分成性質形容詞和敘述形容詞
2、兩類,其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。 1)直接說明事物的性質或特征的形容詞是性質形容詞,它有級的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語、表語和補語。例如:hot 熱的。 2)敘述形容詞只能作表語,所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如:afraid 害怕的。 (錯)He is an ill man. (對)The man is ill. (錯)She is
3、an afraid girl. (對)The girl is afraid. 這類詞還有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。 3)形容詞作定語修飾名詞時,要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語時,要放在這些詞之后,例如: something nice 4.1 形容詞及其用法 形容詞修飾
4、名詞,說明事物或人的性質或特征。通常,可將形容詞分成性質形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類,其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。 1)直接說明事物的性質或特征的形容詞是性質形容詞,它有級的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語、表語和補語。例如:hot 熱的。 2)敘述形容詞只能作表語,所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如:afraid 害怕的。 (錯)He is an ill man. (對)The man is
5、 ill. (錯)She is an afraid girl. (對)The girl is afraid. 這類詞還有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。 3)形容詞作定語修飾名詞時,要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語時,要放在這些詞之后,例如: something nice
6、0; 4.2 以-ly結尾的形容詞 1) 大部分形容詞加-ly可構成副詞。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。 改錯:(錯) She sang lovely. (錯) He spoke to me very friendly. (對) Her singing was lovely.
7、 (對) He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2)有些以-ly 結尾既為1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 形容詞,也為副詞。 daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early The Times is a daily paper. The
8、 Times is published daily. 4.3 用形容詞表示類別和整體 1) 某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語動詞的復數連接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry The poor are losing hope. 2) 有關國家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個民族的整體,與
9、動詞的復數連用。 the British,the English,the French,the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 4.4 多個形容詞修飾名詞的順序 多個形容詞修飾名詞時,其順序為: 限定詞-數詞-描繪詞-(大小,長短,形狀,新舊,顏色) -出處-材料性質,類別-名詞 a
10、160;small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car 典型例題: 1) Tony
11、is going camping with _ boys. A.little two otherB. two little otherC.two other little D.little other two 答案:C。由"限定詞-數詞-描繪詞-(大小,長短,形狀,新舊,顏色) -性質-名詞"的公式可知數詞,描繪詞,性質依次順序,只有C符合答案。 2)One
12、 day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stoneC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old 答案A. 幾個形容詞修飾一個名詞,他們的排列順序是:年齡,形狀,大小+顏色+來源+質地+用途+
13、國家+名詞。 3) - How was your recent visit to Qingdao? - It was great. We visited some friends1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ,and spent the _days at the seaside. A. few&
14、#160;last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last 答案:B。本題考查多個形容詞的排序問題。一般與被修飾形容詞關系密切的形容詞靠近名詞;如果幾個形容詞的重要性差不多,音節(jié)少的形容詞在前,音節(jié)多的方在后,在不能確定時,可參照下表: 限定詞+數量詞(序數詞在前,基數詞在后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長短、高低等形體+ those +
15、three + beautiful + large + square 新舊+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞 old + brown + wood + table 4.5 副詞及其基本用法 副詞主要用來修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞或其他結構。 一、副詞的位置: 1) 在動詞之前。 2) 在be動詞、助動詞之后。 3) 多個助動詞時,副詞一般放在第
16、一個助動詞后。 注意: a. 大多數方式副詞位于句尾,但賓語過長,副詞可以提前,以使句子平衡。 &nb1 2 3 4 下一頁 1 2 3 4 下一頁 英語語法大全-形容詞和副詞sp; We could see very c
17、learly a strange light ahead of us. b. 方式副詞well,badly糟、壞,hard等只放在句尾。 He speaks English well. 二、副詞的排列順序: 1) 時間,地點副詞,小單位的在前,大單位在后。 2) 方式副詞,短的在前,長的在后,并用and或but等連詞連接。 Please write slowly
18、 and carefully. 3) 多個不同副詞排列:程度+地點+方式+時間副詞。 注意:副詞very 可以修飾形容詞,但不能修飾動詞。 改錯:(錯)I very like English. (對)I like English very much. 注意:副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面,形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。 I dont know
19、0;him well enough. There is enough food for everyone to eat. There is food enough for everyone to eat. 4.6 兼有兩種形式的副詞 1) close與closely close意思是"近"; closely
20、;意思是"仔細地" He is sitting close to me. W1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 atch him closely. 2)late 與lately late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近" You have come
21、too late. What have you been doing lately? 3)deep與deeply deep意思是"深",表示空間深度;deeply時常表示感情上的深度,"深深地" He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father wa
22、s deeply moved by the film. 4)high與highly high表示空間高度;highly表示程度,相當于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion. 5)wide與widely wide表示空間寬度;widely意思是"
23、;廣泛地","在許多地方" He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world. 6)free與freely free的意思是"免費";freely 的意思是"無限制地" You can eat free in
24、160;my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like. 4.7 形容詞與副詞的比較級 大多數形容詞(性質形容詞)和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化,即原級、比較級和最高級,用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形,比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。1) 規(guī)則變化 單音節(jié)詞和少數雙音
25、節(jié)詞,加詞尾-er,-est來構成比較級和最高級。構成法原級比較級最高級一般單音節(jié)詞tall(高的) tallertallest未尾加-er,-estgreat(巨大的)greater greatest 以不發(fā)音的e結尾nice(好的) nicernicest的單音詞和少數 large(大的)larger largest以- le結尾的雙able(有能力的) ablerablest音節(jié)詞只加-r,-st以一個輔音字母big(大的) bigger biggest結尾的閉音節(jié)單hot熱的)hotter hottest音節(jié)詞,雙寫結尾的輔音字母,再加-er,-est "以輔音字母+y&qu
26、ot;easy(容易的)easier easiest結尾的雙音節(jié)詞,busy(忙的)busier busiest改y為i,再加 -er,-est 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 >少數以-er,-owclever(聰明的)cleverer cleverest結尾的雙音節(jié)詞narrow(窄的)narrower narrowest未尾加-er,-est 其他雙音節(jié)詞和important(重要的)多音節(jié)詞,在前more important面加more,most most important來構成比較級和easily(容易地) 最高級。more ea
27、silymost easily 2) 不規(guī)則變化 原級 比較級最高級 good(好的)/betterbestwell(健康的) bad (壞的)/ worse worstill(有病的)old (老的)older/elderoldest/eldest much/many(多的) more mostlittle(少的)lessleastfar (遠的) farther/further farthest/furthest 4.8 as + 形容詞或副詞原級 + as 1)在否定句或疑問句中可用so as。
28、He cannot run so/as fast as you.2)當as as 中間有名詞時采用以下格式。 as +形容詞+ a +單數名詞 as + many/much +名詞 This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can.3)用表示倍數的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時,放在as的前面。This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size as mine.4) 倍數+ as + adj. + as<
29、=> 倍數+ then + ofThis bridge is three times as long as that one.This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.Your room is twice the size of mine.4.9 比較級形容詞或副詞 + than You are taller than I. They lights in your room are as bright as th
30、ose in mine.注意: 1)要避免重上一頁 1 2 3 4 下一頁 上一頁 1 2 3 4 下一頁 英語語法大全-形容詞和副詞復使用比較級。 (錯) He is more cleverer than his brother. (對) He is more clever th
31、an his brother. (對) He is clever than his brother.2)要避免將主語含在比較對象中。 (錯) China is larger that any country in Asia. (對) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3)要注意對應句型,遵循前后一致的原則。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4)要注意
32、冠詞的使用,后有名詞的時候,前面才有可能有名1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 詞。 比較:Which is large, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.4.10 可修飾比較級的詞 1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far
33、, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等2)還可以用表示倍數的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。3)以上詞(除by far)外,必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面。典型例題: 1)- Are you feeling _? - Yes,I'm fine now.A. any wellB. any betterC. quite good D. quite better答案:B. any 可修飾比較級,quite修飾原級,well的比較級為better. 2)The experiment was_ easier than we
34、 had expected. A.more B.much more C.much D.more much答案:C.much可修飾比較級,因此B,C都說得通,但easier本身已是比較級,不需more,因此C為正確答案。3)If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D.a much happier time答案:D。4.11 many,old 和 far
35、0;1) 如果后接名詞時, much more +不可數名詞many more +可數名詞復數2) old 有兩種比較級和最高級形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。 elder,eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的長幼關系。My elder brother is an engineer.Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.3) far 有兩種比較級,farther,further. 在英語中兩者都可指距離。 在美語中,father 表示距離,further表示進一步。I have nothing further to say.4.
36、12 the + 最高級 + 比較范圍 1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞 the,副詞最高級前可不用。 形容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最高級的含義,只表示"非常"。It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.注意: 使用最高級要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內。 (錯)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
37、 (對)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2) 下列詞可修飾最高級,by far, far, much, mostly, almostThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意:a. very可修飾最高級,但位置與much不同。 This is the very best. This is much the best.b. 序數詞通常只修飾最高級。 Africa is the second largest con1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 tinent.3
38、) 句型轉換: Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4) "否定詞語+比較級","否定詞語+ so as"結構表示最高級含義。 Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.4.13 和more有關的詞組 1) the
39、more the more越就越 The harder you work,the greater progress you'll make.2) more B than A與其說A不如說B less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work.= He is less slow than lazy at his work.3) no more than 與一樣,不比多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor.no less than與一樣He is no less diligen
40、t than you.4) more than不只是,非常She is more than kind to us all.典型例題1)The weather in China is different from_.A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America 答案:D. 本題意為"中國的天氣比美國熱。"比較的是天氣而不是國家,C不能選。A沒有名詞,后句成分不全,排除。B和D中,B中的one常用來代替可數名詞,而that可車以代替不可數或抽象名詞,所以選D。2)After the new techn
41、ique was introduced,the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice manyB. as many twiceC. twice as manyD. twice many as 答案C. 此句意為"這個廠1988能生產的拖拉機是往年的兩倍"。 表示倍數用"倍數+ as + 形容詞原形+ as +比較對象"的句型。所以此句答案為C。This ruler is three times as long as that one.1) the more the more越就越 The harder you work,the greater progress you'll make.2) more B than A與其說A不如說B less A than B He is more lazy than slow a
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