名詞性從句以及倒裝句

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載名詞性從句一、名詞性從句的概念和分類(lèi)其用法相當(dāng)于名詞的從句叫名詞性從句。根據(jù)它們?cè)谥骶渲械淖饔貌煌煞譃橹髡Z(yǔ)從句、語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句4種。如：Whether we 11 go on a picnic is not decided.我們是否去野餐還沒(méi)決定。I don 't know whether we ' II go on a picnic. 我不知道我們是否去野餐。The question is whether we 'II go on a picnic.問(wèn)題是我們是否會(huì)去野餐。He asked me a question whether w

2、e would go on a picnic. 他問(wèn)了我一個(gè)問(wèn)題：我們是否要去野餐。二、名詞性從句的3個(gè)基本要素1、引導(dǎo)詞：也就是引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞。這些引導(dǎo)詞 可分為：(1) that;( 2) if / whether ; ( 3)疑問(wèn)詞。既然是引導(dǎo)詞，這些詞就必須位于名 詞性從句的最前面。2、 語(yǔ)序：名詞性從句都必須與陳述句語(yǔ)序相同：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。事實(shí)上，任何一種從句，其語(yǔ)序都必須與陳述句的語(yǔ)序相同。如：(1) These photographs will show you.A. what does our village look like B. what our village l

3、ooks like C. how does our village look l ike D. how our village looks like【分析】答案是 B。根據(jù)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序，排除A和C; how是副詞不能作介詞like的賓語(yǔ)，排除D。(2) Some one is ringing the doorbell. Go and see.A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is3、時(shí)態(tài)一致：若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)情況使用各種時(shí)態(tài)；若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句若不是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)或真理

4、，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也必須用某種過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。如：The P olice found that the houseand a lot of things.A. has broke n in to; has bee n stole nB. had broke n in to; had bee n stole n C. has bee n broke n into; stole n D. had bee n broke n in to; stole n【分析】答案是D。因?yàn)橹骶渲^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞found是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是某種過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，排除A和C; break into與the house是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

5、，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除B。stolen 前省略了 had been。、主語(yǔ)從句三、各類(lèi)名詞性從句的用法說(shuō)明1、主語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序 主語(yǔ)從句要求使用陳述句語(yǔ)序，而非一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序。如：使我感到驚訝的是How he was successful is still a pu zzle. 他是如何成功的仍What surp rised me most was that the little girl could p lay the violi n so well.這個(gè)小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了。然是個(gè)謎。2、連接詞的選用(1) that和what的選用what除起連接作用外，還在名詞性從句中充當(dāng)某些成分， 而

6、that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，無(wú)詞義，只起連接that和what都可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句?？勺鲝木涞闹髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。詞作用。如：What he wants is a book.他想要的是一本書(shū)。That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 眾所周知，光線沿直線運(yùn)行。(2) if 和 whether的選用引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，不能用if,只能用whethero如：Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.我們明天是否在戶外開(kāi)晚會(huì)要

7、看天氣而定。(3)其它連接代詞和副詞的選用根據(jù)主語(yǔ)從句的具體意義，正確的選擇who, which, when, where, why, how 等連接詞，這些連接詞既有疑問(wèn)含義，又起連接作用，同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)各種成分。如：When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided.我們何時(shí)舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還沒(méi)有決 定。Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear.還不清楚昨天誰(shuí)打破了玻璃。Which car you will choose to buy makes no differe nee.你決定買(mǎi)哪一輛車(chē)都不會(huì)有任

8、何區(qū) 別。 (4) whatever / whoever 的功用whatever, whoever在主語(yǔ)從句中不含疑問(wèn)意義。 它引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、 表語(yǔ)等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who 。要注意禾R whatever, whoever 弓丨導(dǎo)的 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。如：Whoever breaks the law should be puni shed.(主語(yǔ)從句)(=Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.)Whoever breaks the law, he

9、 should be punished.(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)(=No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ) 3、it 構(gòu)成的主語(yǔ)從句(1) 由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，在大多數(shù)情況下會(huì)放到句子的后面，而用代詞it作形式 主語(yǔ)。謂語(yǔ)是 seem, appear, be certain, be a pity, be a wonder, be one's hope, be likely 等詞或短 語(yǔ)時(shí)。It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.眾所周知，地球圍繞太陽(yáng)

10、轉(zhuǎn)。需要注意的是，it作形式主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要注意和as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。試比較：It was rep orted that the US was un der the terrorist attack.(主語(yǔ)從句，有 that，無(wú)逗號(hào))As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack.(定語(yǔ)從句，無(wú) that,有逗號(hào))上兩句意 為“據(jù)報(bào)道，美國(guó)遭到恐怖分子的襲擊”。用于 It is suggested / required / ordered / demanded that.句型中，動(dòng)詞為表示命令、建議、要求 等意義的詞。主

11、語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用"should +動(dòng)詞原形",should可以省略。例 如：It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in study ing En glish. 你應(yīng)該花更多的時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí) 英語(yǔ)。(2) 常見(jiàn)用it作形式主語(yǔ)的復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)1.It is a fact (a good idea / a pity / a shame / no wonder / good news )that 如：It's a pity that you missed the film.你沒(méi)有看那部電影真是太遺憾了。2

12、. It is necessary (clear / true / strange/important /wonderful / possible / likely )that 需要注意的是，這類(lèi)主語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞很多為“( should) +動(dòng)詞原形”，即要用虛擬 語(yǔ)氣。如：It is necessary that you (should) master the computer.你很有必要掌握電 腦。It is imp Orta nt that a stude nt lear n En glish well. 學(xué)生學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很重 要。It's clear that they bad

13、ly n eed hel p.很明顯，他們急需援助。3.It is reported (well-k nown / hoped / thought / exp ected /said /believed/decided /suggested /orde red)that如：It is said that he was killed in the earthquake.據(jù)說(shuō)他在地震中喪生了。4.It seems (happened / app ears / does n't matter / makes no differe nee / )that 如：It seems that the

14、y will win the game.看起來(lái)他們好像會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽。It makes no differe nee whether he will atte nd the meet ing or not. 他是否會(huì)參加會(huì)議都無(wú)關(guān)緊 要。例：The Foreign Minister said, "our hope that the two sides will work towards peace."A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is 句式用形式主語(yǔ)it引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)多，有些已形成固定的語(yǔ)法和譯法。常見(jiàn)的It is be

15、lieved that. 人有：It is said that.據(jù)說(shuō) It is rep orted that.據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)It is well known that. 眾所周知 It is ann ou need that.據(jù)宣布們相信 It is thought that.人們認(rèn)為It is un derstood that. 自不待言 It must be poin ted out that. 必須指出 It must be admitted that.必須承認(rèn) 否定轉(zhuǎn)移1）將think, believe, suppose, expeet, faney, imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語(yǔ)從句的否定

16、詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式。I don't thi nk I know you.我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回來(lái)。注意：若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 hope,賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。I hope you weren't ill.我想你沒(méi)有生病吧。2）將seem, appear等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。It does n't seem that they kn ow where to go.看來(lái)他們不知道往哪去。It does n't app ear that we

17、'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看來(lái)我們明天不會(huì)碰上好天氣。3）有時(shí)將動(dòng)名詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或整個(gè)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定。I don't remember having ever seen such a man.我記得從未見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣一個(gè)人。（not否定動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ) havi ng ）It's not a place where anyone would expeet to see strange characters on the street.在這里，人們不 會(huì)想到在街上會(huì)碰上陌生的人。（anyone作主語(yǔ)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能用否定形式

18、。）4）有時(shí)狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前。The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.（否定狀語(yǔ)）螞蟻不只是為自己采食。He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. （ 否定 because狀語(yǔ)）他并不 因亞里斯多德說(shuō)過(guò)如何如何，就輕信此事。She had not bee n married many weeks whe n that man's youn ger brother saw her and was struck b y

19、 her beauty.（否定狀語(yǔ)many weeks）她結(jié)婚還不到幾個(gè)月，這個(gè)人的弟弟就看見(jiàn)她了，并對(duì) 她的美貌著了迷。練習(xí)：1. you don't like him is none of my bus in ess. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether2. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circli ng the earth,our astr on auts desire to do is walk in space.A. where B. what C. that D. how3. leaves the room l

20、ast ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who二、表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)從句”?？梢越颖碚Z(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be, look, remain, seem等。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的that?？墒÷?。另外，常用的還有the reason is that 和It is because等結(jié)構(gòu)。例女0:1） The questi on is whether we can make good prep arati on in such a s

21、hort time. 2） This is why we can't get the support of the peop le.3）But the fact rema ins that we are beh ind the other classes.4）The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 表語(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句都屬于名詞性從句。其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同。故充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的句子叫賓語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的句子叫表語(yǔ)從句。三、同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語(yǔ)的名

22、詞性從句。1.同位語(yǔ)從句的功能同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)f(shuō)明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例女0: 1） The kin g's decisi on that the prisoner would be set free surp rised all the people. 2） The ord er that all the soldiers should stay still is give n by the gen eral. 2. 同位語(yǔ)在句子中的位置同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開(kāi)。例女0: He got the n ews from Mary that the sports meeti ng was put off. 3. 同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句 的區(qū)別（1）定語(yǔ)從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)），而同位 語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。（2）定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加