商務(wù)英語中級詞匯--能源

1、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)用文案能源-中級active solar energy system (noun phrase) =主動式太陽能系統(tǒng)an apparatus that uses mechanical or electrical equipment to circulate energy fromthe sunMany houses use an active solar energy system to heat water.addition (noun) =附加物a change to an existing building that increases the area needing to be

2、 heated orcooledThe addition to that building will increase its energy consumption by about 10%.air change (noun phrase) =換氣the replacement of all of the air in a building over a set period of timeOn average, our ventilation system can do one air change per hour.air conditioner (noun phrase) =空調(diào)a pi

3、eceofequipmentthatheatsorcoolsairin a buildingwhilecirculatingandcleaning it文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)用文案We have an extremely efficient air conditioner in our home.air pollution (noun phrase) =空氣污染any particle, mist, or gas that has a negative effect on the atmosphereIn urban areas around the world, automobiles cause a

4、great deal of air pollution.alcohol fuel (noun phrase) =醇類燃料a classofliquidsthatis a combinationofhydrogen,carbon,andoxygen,withsufficient energy for powering automobiles and other machineryEthanol is the most common alcohol fuel for automobiles.alternating current (AC) (noun phrase) =交流電an electric

5、 current that reverses direction at a regular frequencyMost household electricity in the world is alternating current.ambient air temperature (noun phrase) =大氣溫度the temperature of the air surrounding a buildingBecause the ambient air temperature is often very high in southern Italy, cooling文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)用文案b

6、uildings can be very expensive.ampere (noun) =安培a unit of measure for the quantity of electricity that goes through a conductor eachsecondThat cooling unit uses 12 amperes.anthracite (noun) =無煙煤a type of coal that is hard, has a high carbon content, and burns cleanlyIn my country, the only type of c

7、oal that the government allows power plants toburn is anthracite.能源- 中級(2)associated gas (noun phrase) =伴生氣commercially valuable natural gas that is found with crude oil undergroundThisoilfieldisextremelyvaluablebecauseitalsocontainsagreatdealofassociated gas.文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)用文案atom (noun) =原子thesmallestunitof

8、an element,consistingofa positivelychargednucleuswithnegatively charged electrons orbiting around itWater consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.atomic nucleus (noun phrase) =原子核the positively charged central core of an atom, consisting primarily of protons andneutronsThe atomic nu

9、cleus of hydrogen has only one proton.average demand (noun phrase) =平均需求量the energy requirement in a given area during a specific period of time divided bythe number hours in the periodTheaveragedemandinourareahasincreasedrecently,andthisis creatingproblems for local utilities.barrel (noun) =桶a quan

10、tity of oil equal to 42 US gallons or 159 litersWe estimate that there are at least five million barrels of oil in this oil field.文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)用文案base load (noun phrase) =基礎(chǔ)負(fù)荷the lowest level of power needed during a year or a specific part of a yearBecauseofourmildspringandfallweather,weare at baseloadduri

11、ngthoseseasons.benzene (noun) =苯a colorless,flammableliquidmadefrompetroleum,containingthemolecularcomposition C6H6Many motor fuels have benzene in them.bi-fuel vehicle (noun phrase) =兩用燃料汽車a car or other vehicle that has two separate fuel systems for two different fuelsSomemajorautomobilecompaniesm

12、akebi-fuelvehiclesthatrunoneithergasoline or natural gas.biodiesel (noun) =生物柴油a fuel made from fat or vegetable oil that has had the glycerin removed文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)用文案Because biodiesel does not cause air pollution, it is becoming popular in crowdedcities.能源- 中級(3)bituminous coal (noun phrase) =瀝青煤a type of c

13、oal that is relatively soft but contains large amounts of carbonFactories and power plants in the United States burn a lot of bituminous coal, whichhas created a great deal of air pollution.blackout (noun) =燈火管制a loss of electrical power in a large geographical area for a period of timeManyurbanarea

14、sexperienceblackoutsduringheatwavesbecauseofthehighdemand for electricity.busbar (noun) =母線槽an electrical conductor, often in the shape of a heavy copper bar, that serves as acommon connection for several circuitsBecause our building has so many circuits, there are several heavy busbars in thebaseme

15、nt.文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)用文案butane (noun) =丁烷a colorless,flammablegas,foundwithpetroleumandusedas a fuelandin themanufacture of rubber, containing the molecular compositionC4H10In the winter, my father always carried a small butane lighter to light our fireplace.capacity (noun) =容積the amount of electricity that a ge

16、nerator, circuit, or electrical apparatus can safelycarry; the amount of gas that a pipeline can carryIfdemandforelectricitygetstoohighthiswinter,thegeneratorwillreachitscapacity.capacity (noun) =產(chǎn)能the ability to produce something or accomplish a taskWe built a new factory and tripled our capacity t

17、o produce engines.Celsius (noun) =攝氏度a temperature scale in which zero degrees equals the freezing point of water and文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)用文案100 degrees equals the boiling point of waterIt was only five degrees Celsius outside this morning, so I had to wear a heavy coat.chemical energy (noun phrase) =化學(xué)能源energy fro

18、m a reaction between two compounds or elementsWhen organic matter decomposes, a great deal of chemical energy in the form ofheat is released.coal seam (noun phrase) =煤層a quantity of coal underground that is large enough to be commercially minedThe new coal seam the miners discovered will produce coa

19、l for at least the next fiveyears.能源- 中級(4)coke (noun) =焦炭a solid black substance produced by distilling coal to remove volatile material andused as a fuelSteel mills burn great quantities of coke to remove the impurities from iron.文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)用文案condenser (noun) =冷凝器a device that exchanges heat by compres

20、sing a hot gas into a liquidRefrigerators and air conditioners use condensers to eliminate heat.conduction (noun) =傳導(dǎo)the transfer of energy, such as heat or electricity, through a solid materialThewallsofthisbuildingaresothinthatwelosea lotofheatbecauseofconduction.convection (noun) =對流the transfer

21、of heat through the movement of a hot gas or liquidWe put heaters at the bottom of the wall to create convection and cause the heat torise and move around the room.crude oil (noun phrase) =原油petroleum in its natural state, before refiningWe pumped a million barrels of crude oil out of the ground thi

22、s week.文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)用文案deep mining (noun phrase) =深海采礦takingmineralsor coaloutofthegroundatdepthsexceeding1,000feet(305meters)In England, deep mining for coal has been common for centuries.development well (noun phrase) =開發(fā)井a(chǎn) new oil well drilled near an existing well in order to increase productionWe neede

23、d to produce more oil last year, so we drilled five development wells.diesel oil (noun phrase) =柴油a fuel distilled from petroleum and used to run diesel enginesHeavy trucks generally use diesel oil as fuel.discovery well (noun phrase) =發(fā)現(xiàn)井a(chǎn)n exploratory well that finds a new oil or gas depositThe oi

24、l company's discovery well is over a major oil reservoir.文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)用文案downstream (adjective) =下游used to describe the later stages of the petroleum-processing industry, includingrefining, marketing, and salesWe're having some problems with the downstream part of our business. Oil pricesare down, s

25、o sales have been decreasing.能源- 中級(5)dry hole (noun phrase) =干井a(chǎn) well that does not produce enough oil or gas for commercial productionMost of the oil company's wells last month turned out to be dry holes.electric utility (noun phrase) =電力事業(yè)acompanyornonproiftorganizationthatgenerates,transmits

26、,ordistributeselectricityThe city's electric utility raised its rates, so residents are paying about 10% moreeach month for electricity.electrical resistance (noun phrase) =電阻theamountofoppositiona materialhas totheflowofelectricity,measuredin文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)用文案ohmsCopper has very little electrical resista

27、nce, so it is used for electrical wires.electrolysis (noun) =電解a processinwhichelectricitypassesthrougha chemicalcompoundin ordertobreak it down into its basic elementsByusingelectrolysis,webrokedownwatertocreatehydrogentorunourexperimental cars.energy diversity (noun phrase) =能源多元化a policy that enc

28、ourages the development of new energy technologies to reducedependence on traditional fuels, such as coal and oilI wish that my country would emphasize energy diversity instead of building morecoal mines.energy reserves (noun phrase) =能源儲備the known amount of energy resources, especially petroleum, n

29、atural gas, and coal,that is recoverable at an affordable costExperts often argue about the size of the world's energy reserves.文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)用文案ethanol (noun) =乙醇a distilled alcohol produced from sugars found in various agricultural products suchas sugar cane, with the chemical formula C2H6OBrazil is a

30、leading producer of ethanol fuel for automobiles.exfiltration (noun) =滲漏the outward flow of air from a buildingTheinsulationinthisbuildingispoor,sowelosealotofwarmairthroughexfiltration.exploratory well (noun phrase) =探井a(chǎn)n oil well drilled to look for petroleum in an area where oil has never been fo

31、undWe are going to create five exploratory wells in a new area of the Gulf of Mexiconext month.能源- 中級(6)fenestration (noun) =開窗法文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)用文案windows, glass doors, and other thin barriers between the inside and outside of abuilding through which heat can easily passBecause of extensive fenestration, our o

32、ffice building is cold in the winter and hot inthe summer.fission (noun) =裂變the release of energy through the splitting of atomsNuclear power plants use fission to produce the heat that changes water to steam.flare gas (noun phrase) =火炬氣gas from an oil well that is burned because it is not commercia

33、lly valuableIn some oil fields, flare gas burns all night long.flow line (noun phrase) =流線a pipe that carries oil or gas from a well to a location for processing or refiningThis oil field contains several kilometers of flow line.flue (noun) =煙道文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)用文案a pipe that allows waste or exhaust gas to escap

34、e into the atmosphereThere was a leak in the flue, so we could smell the exhaust gas inside the factory.forced air unit (noun phrase) =強(qiáng)迫通風(fēng)設(shè)備a central furnace that has a fan for circulating the heated airWhen the forced air unit in the building is working, there is a noticeable increase inair circul

35、ation.fossil fuel (noun phrase) =礦物燃料fuel such as oil, coal, and natural gas that comes from the remains of ancient livingorganismsMany people are worried that we will run out of fossil fuel sometime in the nextcentury.fuel rod (noun phrase) =燃料棒a long tube that contains a radioactive substance such

36、 as uraniumFuel rods last a long time, but they are difficult to dispose of after they are used bynuclear reactors.文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)用文案fusion (noun) =熔解thereleaseofenergythroughthecombiningof atomsunderintenseheatandpressureScientistsare hopingtobuildfusionreactorsthatwillprovideelectricitytotheworld.geothermal

37、 energy (noun phrase) =地?zé)崮躧eat that comes from the earth, such as steamGiovanni Conti first used geothermal energy to generate electricity in 1903.能源- 中級(7)gigawatt (noun) =十億瓦特a measure of electric power that equals one billion wattsA gigawatt of electrical power can provide enough electricity for

38、several large cities.greenhouse effect (noun phrase) =溫室效應(yīng)aprocessinwhichcertaingasestrapheatontheearth,raisingtheoveralltemperature of the planet文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)用文案Many governments have passed laws limiting carbon dioxide emissions in order toreduce the greenhouse effect.grid (noun) =高壓輸電網(wǎng)a system of power li

39、nes and generators that are linked together to provide powerover a large areaMany power grids now cover thousands of square kilometers or more.heavy water (noun phrase) =重水water in which the hydrogen atoms contain a neutron in the nucleusBecauseheavywaterincreasesthespeedandefficiencyofnuclearreacti

40、ons,governments put strict controls on its use.high-sulfur coal (noun phrase) =高硫煤any coal that is more than one percent sulfurThere are several processes for removing the sulfur from high-sulfur coal so that itis safe to burn and doesn't cause as much pollution.文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)用文案hybrid vehicle (noun phra

41、se) =混合動力車an automobile or truck that has both an internal-combustion engine and an electricmotorSeveral major automobile companies now make hybrid vehicles.hydroelectric power (noun phrase) =水力發(fā)電electricity from a generator that uses the flow of water to turn a turbineMajor dams can produce large a

42、mounts of hydroelectric power.incandescent lamp (noun phrase) =白熾燈泡a lighting device in which an electric current flows through a thin wire, causing thewire to glowMost of the light in homes comes from incandescent lamps.infiltration (noun) =滲透the flow of outside air into a building through cracksin

43、 walls and around doors,windows, and ductsInfiltrationcausesproblemsin olderhomesbecausecoldair cominginsidecanresult in higher heating costs.文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)用文案能源- 中級(8)joule (noun) =焦耳thestandardmeasurementunitforenergyin theInternationalSystemofUnits,equal to the work done when a one-newton force acts over

44、a distance of one meterI bought a surge protector that can absorb 1,800 joules.kilowatt (noun) =千瓦a measure of electric power that equals one thousand wattsOn a hot day, a medium-sized house with central air conditioning may use morethan four kilowatts per hour.landfill gas (noun phrase) =填埋氣體gas th

45、at comes from the decomposition of solid wasteMy city collects methane and other landfill gases and burns them to produce steamto run a small turbine.lignite (noun) =褐煤文檔標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)用文案low-quality coal that has less carbon and more sulfur and is more difficult to burnthan higher grades of coalManyregionsprohibitthe