《管理學(xué)講座》

1、整理課件 管理講座管理講座 整理課件Contents 1 The Changing Paradigm of Management 2 Decision-Making3 Organization Structure and Design4 Communication and Leadership5 Motivation6 Management Based on Research Evidence整理課件 O1.1 Current Trends and IssuesTime : quick economy (CIMS)space: globalizationfactor: l, l, c, k1)

2、.Environment2).Task: change, diversity3).People: education diversity ethics Bi-model workforceTMPE整理課件4). Management Stimulating innovation and change (A.B mice) Delegation Re-engineering Downsizing Social responsibility and entrepreneur spirit Virtual organization (The nature of the firm, Coase,193

3、7) Learning organization (competence model)整理課件1.2 The changing paradigm of management1).The purpose of management is to control and limit people.2). Seek stability and efficiency3). Use rules and regulations4). Design a top-down hierarchy to direct people 5). Achieve bottom- line results1).The purp

4、ose of management is to harness people.2). Share information and power3). Find shared vision, norms and values4). Encourage teamwork, colla- boration and participation5). Achieve top-line effectivenessThe traditional paradigmThe newly emerging paradigm整理課件2 Decision-Making2.1. Certainty 2.2. Risk2.3

5、. UncertaintyThree Cases整理課件2.2. RiskEVENTHeavy snowfallNormal snowfallLight snowfallExpectedRevenuesProbability=Alternative$850,000 725,000 350,000$255,000 362,500 70,000$687,500整理課件2.3. Uncertainty PAYOFF MATRIX (in millions of Dollars)CITIBANKMARKETINGSTRATEGIES S1 S2 S3 S4CHASE MANHATTANSRESPONS

6、ECA1 CA2 CA31314 119 15 1824 21 1518 14 28整理課件2.3. Uncertainty REGREC MATRIX (in millions of Dollars)CITIBANKMARKETINGSTRATEGIESCHASE MANHATTANS RESPONSECA CA CAS1S2S3S411 7 1715 6 10 0 0 13 6 7 0整理課件2.4 Decision-Making Theory2.4.1 期望值理論（Expected Value Theory）2.4.2 期望效用理論(Expected Utility Theory)2.4

7、.3 展望理論(Prospect Theory)整理課件3 Organization Structure and Design3.1 Why do we need organizing?distinguishing activitiesmaking authority and responsibility clearimproving decision-makingbe easy to communicate and control Once an organizations goals and plans have been determined, managers must develop

8、 an effective structure that facilitate their accomplishment 整理課件廣告公司的組織結(jié)構(gòu)廣告公司的組織結(jié)構(gòu)總經(jīng)理執(zhí)行副總經(jīng)理客戶管理副總經(jīng)理報(bào)紙雜志制作電視電臺(tái)制作制造分公司副總經(jīng)理市場(chǎng)分公司副總經(jīng)理客戶經(jīng)理顧客B客戶經(jīng)理顧客C客戶經(jīng)理顧客A新聞媒介研究商品藝術(shù)文字整理課件3.2 Building the vertical dimension of organization Unity of Command-The Classical View-The Contemporary view Authority and Responsib

9、ility-To equate authority and responsibility -Operating responsibility- Ultimate responsibility Span of Control Centralization and Decentralization整理課件 Building the horizontal dimension of organizations Division of labor Departmentalization-Functional Departmentalization-Product Departmentalization-

10、Customer Departmentalization-Geographic Departmentalization-Process Departmentalization整理課件3.4 Applications of Organization Design Simple Structure The Bureaucracy The Matrix Structure Team-based structure The Virtual Organization The Boundaryless Organization (the automobile industry) 整理課件4.1 Commu

11、nication(1) definition of communication (2hours)- Communication is the process by which information is exchanged and understood by two or more people.- Communication means to “Share” not “to speak” or “to write”. 整理課件4.1 Communication(2)l The communication process Which stage is most important in co

12、mmunication?meaningencodechanneldecodeunderstandingNoise receiver Sender Feedback a humor storysend a lettera battleInternet整理課件4.1 Communication(3)Controlmotivationemotion expressionexchange informationKnown to self Unknown to self Known to others Open Blind Unknown to others Hidden Unknown整理課件4.1

13、Communication(4)l Choice of communication channelChannel richnessInformation mediumBest for LeanestChannel * Face to face talk* Telephone* Electronic mail* Memos, letters* Fliers, bulletins general reports Best for novel,a m b i g u o u s , difficult MessagesBest for routine clear, simplemessagesRic

14、hest整理課件l Communication in teams Slower andLess accurate Faster andmore accurate SimpleTasks Centralized ComplexTasks Decentralized 4.1 Communication(5)整理課件4.1 Communication(6)High- Context Cultures What is not said may be more significant than what is said. High Context Chinese Korean Japanese Viet

15、namese Arab Greek Spanish Italian English North American Swiss Low German ContextLow-context cultures-They rely essentially on words to convey meaning.整理課件4.2 Contingency TheoriesExperience, motivation of staffJob-relatedHigh medium lowDegree of directing staffCoachingDelegatingDirectingSupportingLo

16、wHigh Degree ofcommunication with staffHigh整理課件6.Management Based on Research Evidence1.1 MBRE與管理本質(zhì)的關(guān)系與管理本質(zhì)的關(guān)系1.2 探索探索MBRE的必要性的必要性1.3 MBRE有效性的考察有效性的考察 1.4 忽視忽視MBRE之原因分析之原因分析整理課件 1.1 MBRE與管理本質(zhì)的關(guān)系 研究證據(jù)的特征：研究證據(jù)的特征： 與一般證據(jù)不一樣，研究證據(jù)是經(jīng)過比較系統(tǒng)的研究與一般證據(jù)不一樣，研究證據(jù)是經(jīng)過比較系統(tǒng)的研究 （代表性，跨時(shí)、空）所獲得的證據(jù)；（代表性，跨時(shí)、空）所獲得的證據(jù)； （ABC車車

17、5000個(gè)樣本的調(diào)查結(jié)果個(gè)樣本的調(diào)查結(jié)果,與哥哥的用車經(jīng)歷與哥哥的用車經(jīng)歷) （Available Heuristics） 可公開，可重復(fù)，信度與效度比較高；可公開，可重復(fù)，信度與效度比較高； 在一定約束條件下，所采納的管理方案在在一定約束條件下，所采納的管理方案在N個(gè)方案中，個(gè)方案中， 它具有統(tǒng)計(jì)意義上的優(yōu)越性。它具有統(tǒng)計(jì)意義上的優(yōu)越性。 整理課件管理的本質(zhì)管理的本質(zhì)管理既是科學(xué)又是藝術(shù)管理既是科學(xué)又是藝術(shù)今天所認(rèn)識(shí)的科學(xué)，是從文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期實(shí)驗(yàn)方法的今天所認(rèn)識(shí)的科學(xué)，是從文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期實(shí)驗(yàn)方法的采用開始的（采用開始的（Beveridge，1961）。）?？茖W(xué)的兩大傳統(tǒng)：科學(xué)的兩大傳統(tǒng)：實(shí)驗(yàn)傳統(tǒng)

18、（伽利略的自由落體實(shí)驗(yàn)）實(shí)驗(yàn)傳統(tǒng)（伽利略的自由落體實(shí)驗(yàn)） 數(shù)學(xué)傳統(tǒng)（數(shù)學(xué)傳統(tǒng)（Birthday Guess) “如果我們拿起任何一本書，例如，關(guān)于神學(xué)或?qū)W如果我們拿起任何一本書，例如，關(guān)于神學(xué)或?qū)W院形而上學(xué)的著作。讓我們問一下，它包含任何涉院形而上學(xué)的著作。讓我們問一下，它包含任何涉及及量或數(shù)量或數(shù)的抽象推理嗎？沒有。它包含任何涉及的抽象推理嗎？沒有。它包含任何涉及事事實(shí)和存在的經(jīng)驗(yàn)實(shí)和存在的經(jīng)驗(yàn)的推理嗎？沒有。那就將它付之以的推理嗎？沒有。那就將它付之以炬，因?yàn)樗械牟贿^是詭辯和幻想。炬，因?yàn)樗械牟贿^是詭辯和幻想。”休謨說。休謨說。 利用客觀規(guī)律的效果與人有關(guān)利用客觀規(guī)律的效果與人有關(guān) （中越戰(zhàn)爭）（中越戰(zhàn)爭）整理課件1.2 探索MBRE的必要性 錢德勒（錢德勒（Chandler, 1957),Chandler, 1957),現(xiàn)代工商企業(yè)的一個(gè)很現(xiàn)代工商企業(yè)的一個(gè)很重要的標(biāo)志是大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)、大規(guī)