中考英語(yǔ)畢節(jié)總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專題講義專題11　動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、專題十一動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)畢節(jié)五年中考命題規(guī)律及趨勢(shì)近五年畢節(jié)中考考情分析2019年畢節(jié)中考命題預(yù)測(cè)年份考查角度考查重點(diǎn)題號(hào)分值預(yù)計(jì)2019年畢節(jié)中考對(duì)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查仍是重點(diǎn)，傾向于考查動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法，主要以單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空、短文改錯(cuò)的形式出現(xiàn)，考查的小題數(shù)約34道。2019動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)2512019/2019/2019動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)2512019/畢節(jié)中考考點(diǎn)突破動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)1動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的分類英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(1)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：Many people speak English there.那兒

2、很多人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。(2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)詞的對(duì)象。如：Chinese is spoken by many people.漢語(yǔ)被很多人說(shuō)。(Chinese是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者)2被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(用done表示)”構(gòu)成。常見(jiàn)的八種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)如下：時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are過(guò)去分詞Chinese is spoken by many people.一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were過(guò)去分詞Chinese was spoken by many people.一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall/will be過(guò)去分

3、詞或am/is/are going to be過(guò)去分詞Chinese will be spoken by many people.或：Chinese is going to be spoken by many people.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(不常考)would be過(guò)去分詞或was/were going to be過(guò)去分詞Chinese would be spoken by many people.或：Chinese was going to be spoken by many people.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(不?？?am/is/are being過(guò)去分詞Chinese is being spoken b

4、y many people.續(xù)表時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例句過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(不?？?was/were being過(guò)去分詞Chinese was being spoken by many people.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(不?？?has/havebeen過(guò)去分詞Chinese has been spoken by many people.過(guò)去完成時(shí)(不常考)hadbeen過(guò)去分詞Chinese had been spoken by many people.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過(guò)去分詞Chinese must be spoken by many people.3.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法(1)圖示：(2

5、)口訣：賓變主，主變賓，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)。(3)變換步驟：將主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)。如果主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?。如：Tom killed him.He was killed by Tom.湯姆殺了他。將動(dòng)詞改為“be過(guò)去分詞”。be動(dòng)詞與新主語(yǔ)相一致，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：They held a meeting yesterday.A meeting was held by them yesterday.他們昨天開(kāi)會(huì)了。將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)改為“by”，放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后。如果原主語(yǔ)是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。如：He sang a song.A song was sung by him.他唱了

6、一首歌。4常見(jiàn)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(1)含有雙賓語(yǔ)(即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ))的句子，多把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)不變。如：Jack told us the truth.We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告訴了我們真相。(2)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有些感官動(dòng)詞(如：hear，see，watch等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要把不定式符號(hào)to還原。即：hear(see) sb.do sth.sb.be heard(seen) to do sth.如：We heard the girl play the piano in the music cla

7、ssroom.The girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom by us.我們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)那女孩在音樂(lè)教室彈鋼琴。(3)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有些使役動(dòng)詞(如：make，let等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，同樣要把不定式符號(hào)to還原。即：make sb.do sth.sb.be made to do sth.如：The teacher makes the students do much homework every day.The students are made to do much homework by th

8、e teacher every day.那位老師讓學(xué)生們每天做很多家庭作業(yè)。(4)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是一個(gè)整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。如： My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.我妹妹將會(huì)被外祖母照顧。(5)表示“據(jù)說(shuō)”或“相信”等的詞組It is said that 據(jù)說(shuō)It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道It is believed that 大家相信It is hoped that 大家希望It is well known that 眾所周知It is thought that 大家認(rèn)為It is suggested

9、 that 大家建議It has been decided that 大家決定It must be remembered that 務(wù)必記住的是5不能使用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的情況(1)連系動(dòng)詞，如：look，feel，smell等，以主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如：The flower smells sweet.這花聞起來(lái)很香。(2)有些動(dòng)詞在后面跟動(dòng)詞ing形式表被動(dòng)含義，如need/want/require/worth等。如： Your hair wants cutting. 你的頭發(fā)該理了。 The floor requires washing.地板需要沖洗。 The book is worth rea

10、ding. 這本書(shū)值得一讀。 Your shoes need cleaning right now.你的鞋子需要馬上清理一下。(3)不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：happen，appear，last，lie，remain，sit，break out，come true，fall asleep，keep silence，lose heart，take place等。如： The story happened on a cold night.故事發(fā)生在一個(gè)寒冷的夜晚。6主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義wash，clean，cook，look，cut，sell，read，wear，feel，draw，wr

11、ite，sell，drive等通常與well，easily，slowly，quickly等副詞連用。如：The book sells well. 這本書(shū)銷售的好。7特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：make sb.heard/understood(使別人能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)/理解自己)，have sth.done(請(qǐng)某人做某事)。如：Your hair is too long.You should have your hair cut.你的頭發(fā)太長(zhǎng)了。你應(yīng)該剪頭發(fā)。單項(xiàng)填空。(C)1.(2019安徽中考)The weatherman says a rain shower _ this afternoon in the south.

12、Aexpects BexpectedCis expected Dwas expected(B)2.(2019預(yù)測(cè))The task _ in an hour.Then we can go home and have a good rest.Awas finished Bwill be finishedCfinish Dwill finish畢節(jié)中考題例及解析單項(xiàng)填空。( )1.(2019畢節(jié)中考)The mobile phone _ in 1973.Ainvents BinventedCwas invented Dis invented【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。句意：手機(jī)是1973年發(fā)

13、明的。invents一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；invented一般過(guò)去時(shí)；was invented一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；is invented一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。in 1973表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間，結(jié)合句意，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選C。( )2.(2019畢節(jié)中考)A bridge _ over the river last year.Abuilds BbuiltCwas built Dis built【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。句意：去年，這條河上建了一座橋。builds一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；built一般過(guò)去時(shí)；was built一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；is built一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)

14、態(tài)。last year用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)，結(jié)合句意，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選C?？?點(diǎn) 搶 測(cè)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)單項(xiàng)填空。(C)1.(2019南充中考)What a terrible rainstorm it was last night!Yes，many old trees and houses _Apull down Bwere pulling downCwere pulled down Dpulled down(C)2.(2019南京中考)Simon，do you know who invented the kite?Sure! It _ by Mozi over 2，00

15、0 years ago.Ais invented BinventedCwas invented Dwill be invented(D)3.(2019重慶中考A卷)The 2022 Winter Olympic Games _ in China.I'm sure it will be a great success.Ahold Bwill holdCwere held Dwill be held(B)4.(2019河北中考)Look at the picture.The top five TV plays _ in it.Alist Bare listedCwill list Dwil

16、l be listed(B)5.(2019揚(yáng)州中考)What are you watching?The Story of China.This part _ at China Block Printing Museum of Yangzhou in 2019.Afilmed Bwas filmedChas filmed Dis filmed(D)6.(2019北京中考)A new international airport _ in the city next year.Acompletes Bis completedCwill complete Dwill be completed(D)7.(2019鹽城中考)A lot of new roads _ in order to develop the villages in the next five years.Abuilt Bwere builtCbuild Dwill be built(C)8.(2019長(zhǎng)春中考)We Chinese _ by the touching documentary Amazing China.Aencourage BencouragesCare encouraged Dare encouraging(A)9.(2019玉林中考)What do you know about