江蘇英語中考并列句與復(fù)合句

1、語法-并列句和復(fù)合句一、并列句 用并列連詞連接起來的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句叫做并列句。(一)并列句的構(gòu)成： 其結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句”。(二)常用的并列連詞: 1常見的用于連接兩個(gè)簡單句的并列連詞有：and，but， or，so，for。詞意用法and和，并且表示順延或并列，如果兩個(gè)分句都是肯定語氣，用and連接。or否則，或者表示選擇，如果兩個(gè)分句的語氣為一個(gè)肯定，一個(gè)否定，則應(yīng)用or連接。but但是表示轉(zhuǎn)折，but與thoughalthough不能同時(shí)用在一個(gè)句子中。so所以表示結(jié)果，由so連接的并列句可轉(zhuǎn)換成because引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句，兩者不能同時(shí)用在一個(gè)句子中表示“因?yàn)樗?/p>

2、以”。for因?yàn)楸硎驹?，是對另一個(gè)分句的補(bǔ)充說明，但不能放在句子的開頭。2其他的并列連詞有：then，while，when，not only.but also.,neither.。nor，either.or，as well as等。 二、復(fù)合句1概念以及句型特點(diǎn)(1)概念：復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。(2)句型特點(diǎn)：主句從句或從句逗號(hào)主句主句和從句都有完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，但主句是全句的主干，從句只是主句的一個(gè)成分，從句不能獨(dú)立存在。2分類：從句在句子中作什么句子成分就叫什么從句，如作賓語的叫賓語從句，作狀語的叫狀語從句，作定語的叫定語從句等。分類考點(diǎn)濃縮賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞、語序、時(shí)態(tài)

3、、否定前移、if和whether的區(qū)別、與復(fù)合不定式短句的互相轉(zhuǎn)換狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、比較狀語從句定語從句定義、先行詞、關(guān)系詞 (一)賓語從句在句中起賓語作用的從句叫賓語從句。有關(guān)賓語從句的考點(diǎn)，多集中在以下幾個(gè)方面：1注意正確使用引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞用法例句that本身無意義(口語中可省去)當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時(shí)He tells me (that) he is going shopping this Sunday. 他告訴我說本周日他要去購物ifwhether (or not)是否當(dāng)賓語從句是一般疑問 句時(shí)She asked me

4、 if (whether) she could join us. 她問我她是否可以加入我們的隊(duì)伍。What,who.wherehow,when,why,Which,whose, whom等當(dāng)賓語從句是特殊疑問句時(shí)Please tell me when you were born請告訴我你是何時(shí)出生的。Id like to know what you want best我想知道你最想要 什么東西。 注意：whether和if引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，一般情況下可以互換，但在下列情況下須用whether，不能用if。 具有選擇意義，賓語從句中有or或or not時(shí)。例如： We really dont kn

5、ow whether news is true or not 我們真的不知道這消息是否是真的。 在介詞后接賓語從句或不定式時(shí)。例如： We are talking about whether we ll go back to our hometown我們正在討論是否回老家去。 作discuss等詞的賓語時(shí)。例如： We discussed whether we should close the shop 我們討論了是否應(yīng)該把商店關(guān)掉。例題：Do you know _ the man with glasses is?A reporter, I think.A whatBthatCwhoDWher

6、e2注意正確使用語序(1)在含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句中，賓語從句都要使用陳述語序，即“引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語其他”。如：When did the train leave? I want to know. I want to know when the train left. (2)如果是由do, does, did構(gòu)成的疑問句，在轉(zhuǎn)換為賓語從句時(shí)，要去掉do, does, did，且從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)作出相應(yīng)的變化。如：Do they often play basketball？He asked. He asked if they often played basketball. (3)如果是

7、will, be, have, can組成的疑問句，在變?yōu)橘e語從句時(shí)，需把will, be, have, can返回到句中原來的謂語位置上，并根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。如：Will you be free tomorrow？She asked me. She asked me if (whether) I would be free tomorrow. 3賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài) 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)原則上應(yīng)與主句的時(shí)態(tài)一致。具體情況如下表：主句時(shí)態(tài)從句時(shí)態(tài)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定I hear that he went to Beihai yesterday 我聽說他昨天去北海了。一般過去時(shí)過去的某種

8、時(shí)態(tài)He said his father would take him to Shanghai他說他爸爸 將帶他去上海。一般過去時(shí)或其他時(shí)態(tài)客觀事實(shí)或真理只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示My father told me that the sunrises in the east爸爸告訴我太陽從東方升起。例題：The policeman asked the boy _.Awhere is his mother Bwhere his mother isCwhere was his mother Dwhere his mother was4.否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象用法舉例當(dāng)主句的主語為第一人稱，主句的動(dòng)詞用think“

9、認(rèn)為”、expect“期待”、guess“猜想”、imagine“想象”、believe“相信”、suppose“假如”、assume“假定”等連接一個(gè)具有否定意義的賓語從句時(shí)，否定詞not要前移到主句中，即主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用否定形式I dont think I can remember the 100 new words within one hour.我想我不能在一小時(shí)之內(nèi)記住這100個(gè)生詞。I dont believe that he will come tonight.我相信今晚他不會(huì)來。 (二)狀語從句1概念以及句型特點(diǎn)(1)概念：狀語從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語，修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副

10、詞等。(2)句型特點(diǎn)：狀語從句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。放在主句之前時(shí)，常用逗號(hào)與主句分開；放在主句之后時(shí)，不用逗號(hào)。2分類及引導(dǎo)詞從句類型從句引導(dǎo)詞例句時(shí)間狀語從句when；while；before；after；until；since；as soon asI didnt go home until 10：00 pm.我直到晚上十點(diǎn)才回家。I will call you as soon as I see him.我一看到他就會(huì)給你打電話。條件狀語從句if；unless；as long asIf I am free，I will go shopping.如果我有空，我將去購物。目的狀

11、語從句so that；in order thatI got up early so that I could catch the early bus.為了趕上早班車，我起床很早。讓步狀語從句though/although；even if；whatever；wherever；wheneverThough he is young，he knows a lot.雖然他很年輕，他知道很多。原因狀語從句because；since；as；forTom isnt here because he is ill.湯姆不在這兒因?yàn)樗×?。結(jié)果狀語從句so.that；such.thatHe plays basket

12、ball so well that many Americans have become his fans.他籃球打得如此好以至于很多美國人也成了他的粉絲。比較狀語從句than；as.as.；not as/so.as.Im as old as Bob.我和鮑勃年齡一樣大。地點(diǎn)狀語從句where；whereverWhere there is a will，there is a way.哪里有希望，哪有就有出路。（有志者事竟成。）例題：Lou is _ computer games when her brother phoned her.AplaysBis playingChas played D

13、was playingJane, please turn off the lights _ you leave the classroom.AafterBbeforeCuntilDbutHurry up! The bus is coming.Wait a minute. Dont cross the street _ the traffic lights are green.AuntilBafterCwhile DsinceTom will call me as soon as he _ home.Agets Bhas gotCgot Dwill getIs everyone here tod

14、ay?No. Tom is at home _ he has got a bad cold.AbecauseBifCuntilDunlessTom will call me as soon as he _ home.Agets Bhas gotCgot Dwill getIs everyone here today?No. Tom is at home _ he has got a bad cold.A becauseBifCuntilDUnlessIf you really hold on to your dreams, they _ true one day.AcameBcomesChas

15、 come Dwill comehe teacher speaks very loudly _ all the students can hear her.Aso thatBbecauseCsince Dwhen_ many children like KFC, I think theyd better try not to eat it too often.ABecauseBWhenCAlthoughDIfWe dont have much homework now and our school bags are _ they used to be.Aas heavy asBnot as h

16、eavy asCas heavily as Dnot as heavily as（3） 定語從句1概念以及相關(guān)術(shù)語(1)概念：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定句從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。(2)先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。(3)關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。如that, which, who, whom, whose, as, when, where, why等。2關(guān)系代詞的基本用法人/物作主語作賓語作定語指人who/thatwho/whom/that/省略whose指物which/thatwhich/that/省略whose(A doctor is a_person

17、 who looks_after peoples_health.醫(yī)生是關(guān)心人身體健康的人。who是關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。1.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語從句總是跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中一定要作從句中的一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系代詞起名詞或代詞的作用，關(guān)系副詞起副詞或介詞短語的作用。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。作賓語時(shí)，可以省略。（1）先行詞指人時(shí)，定語從句由who，whom，that引導(dǎo)，在從句中who，that可以

18、作主語或賓語，whom只作賓語。Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想見你的那個(gè)人嗎？The man who/that/whom my mother is talking to is Mr Wang.那個(gè)正和我媽媽談話的人是王先生。（2）先行詞指物時(shí)，定語從句由which，that引導(dǎo)，在從句中可以作主語或賓語。The book that/which I read yesterday is very interesting.昨天我看的那本書很有趣。The doll that/which can sing costs 200 yuan.那個(gè)會(huì)唱歌

19、的洋娃娃值200元。（3）whose 在定語從句中只用作定語，有時(shí)它還可以同of which互換。Please pass me the book whose cover/the cover of which is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。2關(guān)系代詞that/which/who的用法區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞that，which可以指物，that和who可以指人，其用法有如下區(qū)別：（1）只可用that引導(dǎo)的定語從句當(dāng)先行詞為everything，nothing，something，anything等不定代詞時(shí)。We should do everything that is useful to the

20、 people.我們應(yīng)該做一切對人民有用的事。先行詞被all，every，no，some，any，little，much等修飾時(shí)。You can take any seat that is free.你可以坐任何一個(gè)空位。先行詞被the only，the very，the right等詞修飾時(shí)。He is the very man that Im looking for.他正是我正在找的那個(gè)人。當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)。This is the best movie that I have seen.這是我所看過的最好的電影。當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。This is the second ti

21、me that you have told us the story.這是你第二次給我們講這個(gè)故事了。當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)含有人和物時(shí)。We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in.我們談?wù)撐覀兯信d趣的人和事。（2）只用which引導(dǎo)的定語從句當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時(shí)，只能用which，不能用that。This is the train by which we went to Beijing.這就是我們?nèi)ケ本┏俗哪前嗔熊?。在非限制性定語從句（即通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，若去掉從句，整個(gè)句子仍能表達(dá)完整意義的定語從句）中

22、。Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world.足球，一項(xiàng)非常有趣的運(yùn)動(dòng)，全世界人都在踢。（3）表示人時(shí)，當(dāng)先行詞為everybody，anybody，everyone，anyone等時(shí)要用who，而不用that。Is there anyone who can answer this question?有人會(huì)回答這個(gè)問題嗎？3關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句（1）關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語，when用在表示時(shí)間的名詞后，where用在表示地點(diǎn)的名詞后，why用在表示原因的名詞后。when，where，why的

23、含義相當(dāng)于“介詞which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞which”結(jié)構(gòu)互換使用。I still remember the day when/on which I first met him.我依然記得我第一次遇到他的那一天。Changsha is the place where/in which I was born.長沙是我的出生地。Is this the reason why/for which he was late this morning?這就是他今早遲到的理由嗎？（2）當(dāng)先行詞雖然表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因，但關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語、賓語而不是狀語時(shí)，不可用when，where或why，而應(yīng)用

24、that或which。Hangzhou is a city where there is a beautiful lake.（作狀語）Hangzhou is a city that/which has a beautiful lake.（作主語）Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.（作狀語）Ill never forget the day that/which we spent together.1、 選擇1. -Finish your homework _ you cant play computer games, Ji

25、m. - All right, Mun.A.but B.till C.and D.all2. -Philip has gone to New Zealand. -Oh, can you tell me _?A. when did he leave B.when he is leaving C.when he left D.when is he leaving3. We are going to Suzhou Amusement Park in Lindas car. Uou can come with us _ you can meet us there later.A. or B.but C

26、.and D.then4. -Do you know _ this afternoon? -Im not sure, but Ill tell you as soon as she _.A. how will Betty arrive;startsB. how Betty will arrive;will startC. what time will Betty arrive；will startD. what time Betty will arrive；starts 5. - Could you tell me _? - More than a year.A. how soon will

27、Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport be builtB. how long has Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport been in serviceC. how soon Yangzhou-Taizhou Airport will be builtD. how long Yangzi-Taizhou Airport6. Many people do not realize the importance of health _ they have fallen.A. until B.while C.when D.after7. - Could you tell me

28、 _ yesterday? - Because my bike was broken on my way home.A. why you came late B.why do you come lateB. why you come late D.why did you come late8. - Peter, is there anything else you want to know about China? -Yes, Im still wondering_.A. how is Chinese paper cut made.B. how was the Great Wall built

29、 in ancient timesC. why the Chinese people like to play the dragon dance.D. why do the Chinese people eat rice dumplings at Dragion Boat Festival9. Can you tell me _ in the future?A. how life will be like B.how will life be like C.what life will be like D.what will life be like10. The old theater wi

30、ll close soon _ some extra donations are made.A. so B.if C.because D.unless二、按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型 1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改寫句子） Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China? 2. Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（變?yōu)閺?fù)合句） He asked me _ the girl _ some help 3. Jim is no

31、t a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并為一個(gè)句子） _ Jim _Tom is a student. 4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句） I want to know _ the train _.5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用notuntil改寫) They _ go home _ they had finished their homework 6. Did Peter

32、come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句) Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.三、完形填空Mr. Wang teaches English in a middle school. He likes his work very much. He wanted 1 a teacher even when he was a young boy.There are six classes in a school day at Mr. Wangs middle school.

33、Mr. Wang teachers five of these six classes. 2 his free hour from 2 to 3 in the afternoon, Mr. Wang 3 meet with parents, check students homework and 4 many other things. So Mr. Wang works hard from the moment he gets to school early in the morning until he leaves for home late in the afternoon, and his free hour is not free at