新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語綜合教程4 Unit1

1、Nature nurtures mankind unselfishly with its rich resources. Yet, man is so carried away in his transformation of nature that he is unaware that it also has limitations and needs constant care. Now worn by the excessive demands of mankind, nature is unable to maintain the ecological balance needed.

2、Humanity is faced with the problem of how to stop, or at least to moderate, the destruction of Mother Nature. Man in the Realm of NatureAlexander Spirkin1Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are constantly surrounded by itand interact with it. Man is constantly aware of the influence of na

3、ture in the form of the air he breathes, the water he drinks, and the food he eats. We are connected with nature by "blood" ties and we cannot live outside nature.2Man is not only a dweller in nature, he also transforms it. Humanity convertsnature's wealth into the means of the cultura

4、l, historical life of society. Man has subdued and disciplined electricity and compelled it to serve the interests of society. Not only has man transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, he has also changed the shape and climate of his environment and transfo

5、rmed plants and animals.3As society develops, man tends to become less dependent on nature directly,while indirectly his dependence grows. Our distant ancestors lived in fear of nature's destructive forces. Very often they were unable to obtain the merest daily necessities. However, despite thei

6、r imperfect tools, they worked together stubbornly, collectively, and were able to attain results. Nature was also changed through interaction with man. Forests were destroyed and the area of farmland increased. Nature with its elemental forces was regarded as something hostile to man. The forest, f

7、or example, was something wild and frightening and people tried to force it to retreat. This was all done in the name of civilisation, which meant the places where man had made his home, where the earth was cultivated, where the forest had been cut down.4But as time goes on mankind becomes increasin

8、gly concerned with the questionof where and how to obtain irreplaceable natural resources for the needs of production. Science and man's practical transforming activities have made humanity aware of the enormous geological role played by the industrial transformation of the earth.5At present the

9、 previous dynamic balance between man and nature and betweennature and society as a whole, has shown ominous signs of breaking down. The problem of the so-called replaceable resources of the biosphere has become particularly acute. It is getting more and more difficult to satisfy the needs of human

10、beings and society even for such a substance, for example, as fresh water.The problem of eliminating industrial waste is also becoming increasingly complex.6Modern technology is distinguished by an ever increasing abundance ofproduced and used synthetic goods. Hundreds of thousands of synthetic mate

11、rials are being made. People increasingly cover their bodies from head to foot in nylon and other synthetic, glittering fabrics that are obviously not good for them. Young people may hardly feel this, and they pay more attention to appearance than to health. But they become more aware of this harmfu

12、l influence as they grow older.7As time goes on the synthetic output of production turns into waste, and thensubstances that in their original form were not very toxic are transformed in the cycle of natural processes into aggressive agents. Today both natural scientists and philosophers are asking

13、themselves the question: Is man's destruction of the biosphere inevitable?8The man-nature relation the crisis of the ecological situation is a globalproblem. Its solution lies in rational and wise organization of both production itself and care for Mother Nature, not just by individuals, enterpr

14、ises or countries, but by all humanity. One of the ways to deal with the crisis situation in the "man-nature" system is to use such resources as solar energy, the power of winds, the riches of the seas and oceans and other, as yet unknown natural forces of the universe.9But to return to our theme, the bitter truth is that those human actions whichviolate the laws of nature, the har