第05單元 副詞-

1、第05單元 副詞 I副詞的一般特點 副詞是一個可以修飾 a動詞，b形容詞，c另一副詞，d介詞，e連詞，或 f整個句子的詞。（黑體詞為被修飾詞） aHe arrived lateHe studies hard bHe is very honestHe has a rather difficult problem cHe arrived too lateHe studies very hard dHe started long after meShe sat just behind John eHe arrived long after I didShe fell ill just because

2、 she worked too hard fLuckily he succeededEconomically，Africa is underdeveloped 副詞放在以下位置：a放在所修飾詞前面，b緊跟所修飾詞，c放在最前頭，d放在最后頭： aIt is fairly easyHe often came here bJohn will come soonWait here please cYesterday Johns father suddenly came hereOutsidepeople from the village were quarrelling dHe went to a

3、village far away from the city yesterday He has told me all about this matter be fore 根據(jù)詞義，副詞可以分為下面幾類： a時間副詞，b地點副詞，c方式副詞，d程度副詞，及 e（不）肯定副詞： aHe did yesterdayHe was frequently failed bJohn sleeps hereMary went abroadLet us climb up cHe slept soundlyHe ran fastWe waited patiently dHe is extremely cruel

4、John walked too fast eCertainly he will returnHe will probably let me know 副詞和形容詞一樣可有等級。a單音節(jié)詞，以加-er和-est的方式構(gòu)成比較級及最高級，b以-ly結(jié)尾的副詞，以加more和most的方式構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。c還有少數(shù)不規(guī)則的比較形式： anear nearer nearest fast faster fastest bquickly more quickly most quickly steadily more steadily most steadily cleverly more clever

5、ly most cleverly cill，badly worse worst well better best far farther farthest much more most little less least A副詞的普通用法 1幾乎所有副詞可以用來修飾動詞： He died here（地點） He died yesterday（時間） He died suddenly（方式） He nearly（程度）died He has probably（肯定性）died 2程度副詞可用來修飾下面的詞：a形容詞，b另一副詞，c間或修飾動詞： aHe is rather sillyThe ho

6、use is very darkHe has an extremely difficult problem bHe ran much faster than IHe speaks English fluently enoughHe works too hard cHe loves her very muchI little know that she is his sister 方式副詞也可用來表示程度，修飾形容 詞（d）或副詞（e）： dHe is dreadfully sadMary is remarkably simpleShe is lamentably poorHe is comfo

7、rtably warm eHe ran tolerably fastHe writes immeasurably better than IWe have waited terribly longHe read incredibly fast 注：出于語音上的考慮，副詞及所修飾的副詞不能同時都以-ly結(jié)尾，避免說 He works terribly slowly（但可說 Hes terribly slow） 3表示a程度，b時間，或c地點的副詞可以用來修飾介詞： aHe is much against my proposal He failed entirely through his own

8、 fault He arrived exactly at five oclock he sat just behind me bHe came soon after noon He left long before the war cHe lives far beyond that pagoda He stood close beside me It is near（or hard）by the bridge 4表示a程度，或b時間的副詞可用來修飾連詞： aHe fell ill partly because he worked too hard He met her exactly when

9、 she was angry bHe got married long before he was graduated He died soon after he got sick 5表示a肯定程度，及b方式的副詞可以用來修飾整個句子： aHe will surely succeed Surely he will succeed He will probably come We must positively get the license Yes，I canNoI cant bHappily，he was pardoned Luckily，he has tried his best and

10、succeeded B副詞的特殊用法 6少數(shù)副詞可用來修飾名詞。在這樣用時，它們通常放在所修飾名詞的前面： He is quite a hero（=quite heroic） He is regarded as rather a fool（=rather foolish） He is almost a child（=almost childish） Only Wang studied English last year（No other students studied） Wang studied only English last year（not any other language） （

11、Even和almost的作用和only相同） 有些副詞（多為地點副詞）在修飾名詞時，可以看作一個壓縮的形容詞從句（即定語從句）： He waited at the bridge there（=that lay there） He looked at the lamp avove His life abroad（=which was spent abroad）was hard The then king（=king that reigned then）was cruel The above statement is false The up train（=train that goes up）c

12、omes at seven He went to a far country 副詞有時用在兩個名詞當(dāng)中： Latin words，namely technical terms，often keep their original plural form Mr friends，especially Mary，are very young 有時副詞出現(xiàn)在with和一名詞中間： He came here with sometimes his son，sometimes his daughter He tried again with scarcely a hope of success The roo

13、m was out of order，with here books，there papers We talked in the house，with frequently roarings of guns coming from afar 7When，where，why和 how可用來引起問句，也可同時用作副詞和連詞，也就是說，用作“關(guān)系副詞”（Relative Adverbs）： When did you get married？When shall we fight no more？ Where did you first see her？Where could I find a job

14、？ Why do apples fall from the trees？Why cant we live longer？How can you do that？How can I stay single？ I still remember the day when I got marriedTell me the month when you leave This is the place where he diedThe school where he studies is not far away I do not know the reason why he said thatThe c

15、ause why he was killed is unknown This is（the way）how they make moneyThis is always the manner（how）you treat me 副詞構(gòu)成法 1有些副詞為簡單副詞（不帶詞尾）： often，out，quite，soon，home，back，there，thus，seldom，ever 2有些副詞，特別是地點副詞及時間副詞，常常以加詞尾的方式構(gòu)成： -ly（=every）：yearly，monthly，daily，fortnightly -ward（s）（=toward）：backward（s），lef

16、tward（s），upward（s），homeward（s），eastward（s），onward（s），inward（s） -wise，-ways：lengthwise，clockwise，likewise，otherwise；always，lengthways，sideways-long：headlong-ling（s）：sideling（s） -s：upstairs，outdoors，sometimes，nowadays，needs或在一些單音節(jié)詞前加詞頭或其他簡單字： a-：along，away，abroad，apart，aside，adraft，aloud，ashore，across

17、，above be-：before，below，beneath，besides 介詞：inside，overboard，uphill，beforehand，today there-：therein（=in that），thereafter，thereby，thereof，therewith，ect（陳舊用法） here-：herein（=in this），hereafter，hereby，hereof，herewith，etc（陳舊用法） where-：wherein（=in what or which），whereon，whereby，whereof，wherewith，ect（陳舊用法）

18、3絕大多數(shù)副詞都由形容詞以下述3種方式構(gòu)成： a大多數(shù)方式副詞，都在形容詞后加-ly構(gòu)成。注意拼法： 形容詞 副詞 形容詞 副詞 glad gladly mournful mournfully happy happily heavy heavily jolly jollily silly sillily shy shyly dry dryly due duly true truly able ably probable probably dull dully full fully vile vilely sole solely despotic despotically idiomatic i

19、diomatically public publicly（例外情況） ill-natured ill-naturedly kind-hearted kind-heartedly provoking provokingly charming charmingly faltering falteringly lingering lingeringly （書面語） mistaken mistakenly hidden hiddenly marked markedly undisguised undisguisedly （書面語） 但是：friendly（形容詞）in a friendly way；m

20、anly（形容詞）in a manly manner；kingly（形容詞）in akingly manner 和形容詞一樣，以-ingly或-edly結(jié)尾的副詞，也有激起感情及感受情緒的差別，但用得比較少，如： 激起情緒 感受情緒 He speaks amusingly We listen amusedly The flowers bloom delightfully We watch them deligtedly He behaves disgustingly We left disgustedly The fight goes on excitingly We look on excitedly b有少數(shù)副詞和形容詞形式相同： He came in the late afternoon（形容詞） He arrived late（副詞） He has waited for a long time（形容詞） He has waited so long（副詞） 另一些與形容詞同形的副詞有： early，fast，far，near，well，ill，high，low，much，lit-tle，only，eno