高中英語(yǔ)主謂一致語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)[1]

1、高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之主謂一致概述:1 語(yǔ)法形式上要一致 , 即用作主語(yǔ)的名詞中心詞和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上一致 2 意義上要一致 , 即主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一致關(guān)系取決于主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)意義 .1 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)當(dāng)意義為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)注意 : 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由 and 連結(jié)時(shí) , 如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念 , 即指同一人或同一物時(shí) , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單 數(shù) ,and 此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞 .The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a

2、speech at the meeting.A. is B. was C. are D. were答案 B. 注 : 先從時(shí)態(tài)上考慮 . 這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時(shí) , 先排除 A.,C. 本題易誤選 D, 因?yàn)?The League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個(gè)人 , 但仔細(xì)辨別 , monitor 前沒有 the, 在英語(yǔ)中 , 當(dāng) 一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞 . 后面的職務(wù)用 and 相連 . , 所 以應(yīng)選 B.2 主謂一致中的靠近原則當(dāng) there be 句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí) ,There is a pen, a knife and seve

3、ral books on the desk.總的來說, 在由 連接主語(yǔ)的句 子中及在 there be個(gè)主語(yǔ)來確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:3 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有 等詞引起的短語(yǔ) 時(shí) , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致 . together with some students is visiting the factory.4 謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)1 代詞 each 和由 等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ) , 或主語(yǔ)中含有 each, every, 謂 語(yǔ)需用單數(shù) .There is something wrong with my watch.2 , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù) .< The Ara

4、bian Night >是英語(yǔ)愛好者熟悉的一本好書 .3 表示金錢 , 時(shí)間 . 距離 . 價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí) , 通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體 , 謂 語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù) .(用復(fù)數(shù)也可 , 意思不變 . Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough.5 指代意義決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)1 在代詞 what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單 復(fù)數(shù)決定 . All is right. (一切

5、順利 . All are present. (所有人都到齊了 .2 集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí) , 謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意思來決定 . 如 family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee 等詞后用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí) , 意為這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員 , 用單數(shù)時(shí)表示該 個(gè)集體 . His family isn't very large. 他家不是一個(gè)大家庭 .His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音樂愛好者 .但集合名詞 people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽 .militia(民

6、兵 .vermin 等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù) 形式 . Are there any police around3 有些名詞 , 如 variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時(shí)看作單數(shù) , 有時(shí)看作復(fù) 數(shù) . A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù) +復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞 . The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù) +單數(shù)動(dòng)詞 .A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English.6 與后接名詞或代詞保持一致1 用 half of, part of, m

7、ost of, a portion of 等詞引起主語(yǔ)時(shí) , 動(dòng)詞通常與 of 后面的名詞 , 代詞保持 一致 . Most of his money is spent on books.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.2 在一些短語(yǔ) , 如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí) , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式 . 但 由 more than of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí) , 動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致 .Many a person has read the novel. 許多人都讀過這本書 .Mo

8、re than 60 percent of the students are from the city. 主謂一致中的 " 表里不一 " 現(xiàn)象和主語(yǔ)必須在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致 , 最基本的原則是 :詞 . 但在實(shí)際使用當(dāng)中情況比較復(fù)雜 ,1,"more than one +名詞 " 作主語(yǔ)時(shí) , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù) . 例如 :More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一個(gè)教師得到了花 .2, "many a +名詞 " 作主語(yǔ)時(shí) , 從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù) , . :Many a student h

9、as been sent to plant trees.3,"half of, the rest of, most of, all of" 作主語(yǔ)時(shí) , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式根 據(jù) of 后的名詞而定 . 例如 :地球表面四分之三為水所覆蓋 . 4,all 指人時(shí) , 動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) ;all :, 一切進(jìn)展順利5,what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句 , :表語(yǔ)是單數(shù)名詞時(shí) , 動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) , 相反 , 則用復(fù)數(shù) . 例如 :他們想得到的是大量的好書 .6,and 修飾 , 該名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí) , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形 式 . 例如 : 書包里沒有書和鋼筆 .7, 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面有 等引導(dǎo) 的短語(yǔ)時(shí) ,

10、 . 例如 :我父親和他的同事曾去過北京 .8,each , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由主語(yǔ)來決定 , 與 each 無(wú)關(guān) . 例如 :They each have a bike. 他們每人有一輛自行車 .9, 動(dòng)詞不定式 , 動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí) , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù) . 例如 :Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚飯后出去散步是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣 .10,the following作主語(yǔ)時(shí) , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與后面名詞的數(shù)保持一致 . 例如 :The following are good examples下面是一些好例子 .11, 以 -

11、ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞 , 如 politics,physics,mathematics 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí) , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) . 以 -s 結(jié) 尾的名詞 news, works, plastics等同屬此類 . 例如 :Politics is now taught in all schools. 現(xiàn)在各學(xué)校都開設(shè)政治課 .當(dāng)以 -ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞表示 " 學(xué)科 " 以外的意義時(shí),用作復(fù)數(shù),如:mathematics (運(yùn)算能力 politics(政治觀點(diǎn) economics (經(jīng)濟(jì)意義等12, 有 些 用 來 表 示 由 兩 個(gè) 對(duì) 應(yīng) 部 分 組 成 一 體 的 名 詞

12、 復(fù) 數(shù) (trousers,glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales 等 作主語(yǔ)時(shí) , 前面若有 " 一條 "," 一副 "," 一把 " 之類的單位詞 , 動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) ; 若沒有單位詞或單位詞是復(fù)數(shù) , 則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) . 例如 :The shoes are all right. 這些鞋子都很合適 . 還有一些以 -s 結(jié)尾的名詞通常用復(fù)數(shù):arms (武 器 .clothes.contents.minites (記錄 .remains (遺體 .thanks 等13,"one and

13、a half +名詞 " 作主語(yǔ)時(shí) , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù) . 例如 :One and a half apples is left on the table. 桌子上有一個(gè)半蘋果 .14,"One or two more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 " 作主語(yǔ)時(shí) , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) . 例如 :One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一兩個(gè)人到那兒去給他們幫忙 .15,"one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 定語(yǔ)從句 " 結(jié)構(gòu)中 , 定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù) ; 而在 "the

14、 only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +定語(yǔ)從句 " 的結(jié)構(gòu)中 , 定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù) . 例如 : He is one of the students who get there on time.他是準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)那里的學(xué)生之一 .16, 表示時(shí)間 , 距離 , 金錢等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念時(shí) , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù) , 但若強(qiáng)調(diào) 數(shù)量 , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用復(fù)數(shù) . 例如 :One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百萬(wàn)美元是一大筆錢 .以 -s 結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問題英語(yǔ)可數(shù)名詞的規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式是在詞尾加 -s 或 -es詞。 它

15、們用法多樣, 造成了實(shí)際使用上的困難, 以下詳述了以問題。(一以 -s 結(jié)尾的疾病名稱作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致問題以 -s 結(jié) 尾 的 疾 病 名 稱 作 一 致 問 題 , 如 :謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞通常用作單數(shù)。 例如:(二以 -s以 -s 例如:Darts is basically a easy game.但當(dāng) Darts , Marbles 例如:(三以 -s某些以 -s the United States, the Netherlands等,因其是單 例如:The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts.(四以 -ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱作主語(yǔ)的主

16、謂一致問題某些以 -ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如 physics,mathematics,mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等 , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用作單數(shù)。 例如:The third world economics is promising. Athletics is a required course for students of all grades. 但如果這類名詞表示學(xué)科以外的其它含義,可作復(fù)數(shù)用。 例如:Athletics have been g

17、reatly encouraged at this college.(五其它以 -s 結(jié)尾的名詞的主謂一致問題A. 以 -s 結(jié)尾的由兩部分組成的物體名稱作主語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中有一些通常以 -s 結(jié)尾的由兩部分組成的物體名詞,如 glasses, pincers,pliers,scissors, shorts,suspenders,trouse 等集合名詞的主謂一致集合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí) , 主謂一致關(guān)系是一個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的問題 . 對(duì)此類問題我們可以從 " 數(shù) " 的角度分 為四類 .1 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)型 . 凡是有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾變化形式的集合名詞都屬于此類 . 如 :a class classes;

18、 a family families; a government governments; an army armies; a people peoples; a group groups; a crowd crowds; a crew crews 等 . 這類集合名詞強(qiáng)調(diào)的是整體性 , 即當(dāng)作一個(gè) 整體或多個(gè)整體來看待 . 屬于這類集合名詞的單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí) , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) ; 復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ) 時(shí) , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) .【例如】 A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning. The government has decided

19、to pass the bill. There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday. There are many English-speaking peoples in the world.但應(yīng)注意 , 這類集合名詞的單數(shù)形式有時(shí)表示復(fù)數(shù)概念 , 所以這些集合名詞的單數(shù)形式也可歸 為 " 單復(fù)同形型 " 中 .2 單數(shù)型 . 這類集合名詞表示的是人或事物的整體 , , 所以只 有單數(shù)形式 . 如作主語(yǔ) , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù) . 這類名詞常見的有 等 . 【例如】and scientific experiment, mankin

20、d makes constant progress.3 復(fù)數(shù)型 . 這類集合名詞在形式和內(nèi)容上是相互矛盾的 , , 但表達(dá)的都 是復(fù)數(shù)概念 . 它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是集體中的個(gè)體性 . 這類名詞有 cattle, flock, machinery, vermin, personnel等 . 它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí) ,【例如】 The police have caught the murder.The vermin are very dangerous.4 單復(fù)同形型 . . 作主語(yǔ)時(shí) , 用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞或 復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞均可 ,【例如】 The public is (are requested not to litter i

21、n the park.這類集合名詞常見的有 family, crew, board, herd, committee, party, jury, enemy, audience 等 ., 就認(rèn)為是單數(shù) , 用 單數(shù)動(dòng)詞 ; , 就認(rèn)為其為復(fù)數(shù) , 用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞 .試比較 那個(gè)足球隊(duì)打得非常漂亮 .足球隊(duì)員們正在洗澡 ,The family is a very happy one.那個(gè)家庭是一個(gè)非常幸福的家庭 .That family are very pleased about the news of William's success. 全家人對(duì)威廉的成功都感到很 高興 .練習(xí)1. N

22、either of them _ going to the cinema. Both of them _ going to the cinema.A. is ; are B. is ; is C. are ; was D. are ; is2. All but one _ here just now. All that I want to say _ this.A. was; were B. was; is C. were; is D. were; were3. A number of students _ gone for an outing. The number of the stude

23、nts _ increasing year. A. have; has B. is; have C. has; have D. have; is4. Some of the oranges _ turned bad. Some of the milk _ turned sour (酸 .A. have; has B. have; have C. has; have D. have; is5. Each student -_ got an English- Chinese dictionary. The students each _ a dictionary. A. have; has B.

24、has; have C. have; have D. has; has6. There _ a pen, an ink bottle, and some books on it. There _ some bowls, plates and a spoon on it.A. is; are B. are; are C. are; is D. is; is7. Either the judge or the lawvers _ wrong. Either you or he _ to blame.A. is; are B. are; is C. are; are D. is; is8. His

25、family _ all very well. His family _ a “ five good” one.A. are; is B. is; is C. are; are D. is; are9. My blue trousers _ worn out. One pair of trousers _ not enough.A. is; are B. are; are C. is; is D. are; ismonitor _ good friends.A. take; are B. take; is C. takes; is D. takes; are11. The girl as we

26、ll as his parents _ a bike. Not only the the professor _ surprised at Marys answer.A. have; was B. have; were C. has; wasA. are; are B. are; is C. is; are www.k 5u.c omA. are; is B. is ; is C. are; areA. are; is B. are; are D. is; isA. are; is B. are; are D. is; is16. The news atA. are; is D. is; is

27、A. are; are C. is; is D. are; isA. know; was C. know; were D. knows; were19. There _ nothing but two looms in the hall. There _ something wrong with the machine.A. was; is B. was; are C. were; is D. were; are20. He is one of the boys who _ never late for school. He is the only one of the boys who _

28、never late for school.A. is; are B. are; are C. are; is D. is; is21. What they have done _ of great use to us. What he says and what he does _ agree. A. is; not B. is; do not C. are; does not D. are; not22. Every picture except these two _. Everything around us _ matter.A. have been sold; is B. have

29、 been sold; are C. has been sold; is D. has been sold; are 23. A woman with two children _ coming up to us. Mary, along with her parents, _ movedto Paris. A. is; has B. is; have C. are; have D. are; has 24. one sixth of our classmates _ from peasant families. One fifth of her time _ devoted to writi

30、ng. A. comes; is B. come; are C. come; is D. comes; are 25. Only 10 percent of the students in the class _ League members. About 40% of Jims income _ to the rent (租金. A. are; goes B. are; go C. is; goes D. is; go 26. It is this teacher who _ leaving for London. It is you who _ next. A. are; are B. i

31、s; are C. are; is D. is; is 27. The population of the earth _ increasing fast. One third of the population here _ workers. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are 28. This kind of snakes _ very dangerous. These kinds of metal _ hard to find. A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are 29. Half o

32、f the visitors _ from Europe. Half of the fruit _ bad. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are 30. Every man worker and every woman worker _ free medical care. At Christmas each boy and each girl _ given a present. A. enjoy; is B. enjoy; are C.enjoys; is D. enjoys; are 31. Many a man _ seen the

33、wonderful film. Many men _ seen the wonderful film. A. has; has B. has; have C. have; has D. have; have 32. Going to bed early and getting up early _ a good habit. Singing and dancing _ two of the things that he likes best. A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are 33. Such _ Albert Einstein, a si

34、mple man of great achievements. Such _ her words. A. were; were B. was; were C. were; were D. was; was 34. Besides Xiao Wang, Wiao Ma _ willing to do the work. The factory, including its machines _ burnt last night. A. was; is B. were; is C. was; are D. were; are 35. If anybody _, ask him to wait. _

35、 there anything I can do for you? A. come; Is B. come; Are C. comes; Are D. comes; Is 36. Chinese _ not so difficult to learn. The Chinese people _ brave and hard working. A. is; is B. are; is C. is; are D. are; are 37. Little _ done to prevent the air from being polluted. Much _ done to against fight pollution. A. has been; have been B. have; has C. has been; has been D. have been; have been 38. Do you know the singer and dancer who _standing at the gate? China has tho