2011年中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題1-18(動(dòng)詞)(共19頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上2011年中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題1-18專(zhuān)題五 動(dòng)詞一、考點(diǎn)分析：動(dòng)詞是構(gòu)成英語(yǔ)句子的核心，是英語(yǔ)中最關(guān)鍵的詞類(lèi)，是中考考查較多的一項(xiàng)。中考對(duì)動(dòng)詞的考查主要有：1動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)，特別是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。2動(dòng)詞的八種時(shí)態(tài)特別是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。3語(yǔ)態(tài)：各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。4非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：動(dòng)名詞和不定式。5主謂一致和倒裝句。6易混動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的用法。7熟記動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞以及現(xiàn)在分詞的變化形式，結(jié)合一定的語(yǔ)境，根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞準(zhǔn)確判斷時(shí)態(tài)?？疾閯?dòng)詞的主要形式有單項(xiàng)選擇，動(dòng)詞填空，句型轉(zhuǎn)換，完形填空等。2、 考點(diǎn)知識(shí)講解：考

2、點(diǎn)1 動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)：動(dòng)詞按含義及它們?cè)诰渲械淖饔梅譃樗念?lèi)：行為(實(shí)義)動(dòng)詞，連系動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。1行為(實(shí)義)動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞意義完整，能夠獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。根據(jù)其在句中是否需要賓語(yǔ)，又可細(xì)分為：及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。(1)及物動(dòng)詞(vt.)要求跟賓語(yǔ)。I learn_English_every day.(English是learn的賓語(yǔ))我每天都學(xué)英語(yǔ)。(2)及物動(dòng)詞可以跟 “雙賓語(yǔ)”(直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ))，也可跟“復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”(賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))。People give me their money. 人們給我錢(qián)。In England，people usually call me Jim for

3、 short.在英國(guó)，人們通常簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)我Jim。I found a small boy cry in the corner yesterday.昨天我發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)小男孩在角落里哭。注：帶省略to的不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：give, bring, buy, get, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, teach, tell, write, read, return等?！岸陶Z(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”相當(dāng)于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，主要有下列五種形式：動(dòng)詞介詞：相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。如：look after“照顧”

4、，look for“尋找”。動(dòng)詞副詞：這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有的作及物動(dòng)詞，有的作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：ring up“打電話(huà)”(用作及物動(dòng)詞)，look out“小心”(用作不及物動(dòng)詞)。動(dòng)詞副詞介詞：這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一律用作及物動(dòng)詞。如：do away with“去掉”，go back to“回到(某處)去”，go on with“與(某人)相處”。動(dòng)詞名詞介詞：這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也只能用作及物動(dòng)詞。如：take care of“照顧”，take part in“參加”。be形容詞介詞：這類(lèi)形容詞包括起形容詞作用的分詞，這類(lèi)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞。如：be ready for“做準(zhǔn)備”， be full of“充

5、滿(mǎn)”， be interested in“感興趣”。2系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須和表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份。常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有：be，become(變成)，get(成為，變得)，look(看上去)，seem(似乎，好像)，turn(變得)，sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái))，smell(聞起來(lái))，taste(嘗起來(lái))，feel(感覺(jué))，keep(保持)。這些詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，也不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。3助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞(v.aux.)本身無(wú)詞匯意義或意義不完全，不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)。助動(dòng)詞有be，have，shall(should)，will(would)和do。助動(dòng)詞在句中與實(shí)

6、義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)以及否定和疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)。(1) 助動(dòng)詞be有下列幾種形式： 助動(dòng)詞be的功能有兩個(gè)：與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成各種進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；和過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成各種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(2010攀枝花)Mary with her sisters _ Chinese in China.Aare studying Bhave studiedCis studying Dstudy(2010宿遷)I _ the charity show on TV when the telephone rang. Awatch Bwatched Cam watching Dwas watching Have you ever been

7、anywhere for a trip?A trip? I _ away from my hometown even once.Awent Bhave goneChave been Dhave never been(2010菏澤)Its dangerous to swim here. Look at the sign.Oh, I _ notice it. Thanks for telling me.Ahavent Bwont Cdont Ddidnt(2010蘭州)They _(agree) with each other, so they argued for a long time.答案：

8、D；didnt agree(2010揚(yáng)州)Its said that an airport _in Yangzhou.Its true. Thats what we are getting excited about these days.Abuilds Bwill build Cis building Dwill be built(2010江西)Hello, Sandy. This is Jack. What are you doing?Im watching a match. It started at 7 pm. and _ on for another half an hour.Aha

9、s been Bwas Chad been Dwill be(2010常州)Whats his plan after he leaves school?He _ (go) to Beijing for further education.答案：D；D；will go/is going4情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身雖有意義，但不完整。它們表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的能力、語(yǔ)氣或情態(tài)等，如“可能”、“應(yīng)當(dāng)”。它們不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須與行為動(dòng)詞一起作謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞多數(shù)沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。主要有：can/could，may/might，must，need，dare，will/would，shall/should等。如：I c

10、an dance.我會(huì)跳舞。(1)can的用法：表示能力，意為“能、會(huì)”；表示推測(cè)，意為“可能”；表示請(qǐng)求允許，意為“可以”。以can開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句，其肯定和否定回答分別用can和cant。(2010攀枝花)Look! The lights in the teachers office are still on. Is Mr. Li working?No. It _ be Mr. Li. I saw him leave just now.Amay not BmustntCcant Dneednt(2010沈陽(yáng))Trees _ fight air pollution.They are natu

11、ral air conditioners.Ashould Bmust Cneed Dcan答案：C；D(2)may 的用法：表示請(qǐng)求、許可，意為“可以”；表示猜測(cè)，意為“可能、也許”等。can與may均可用來(lái)征求意見(jiàn)或允許，意為“可以”，一般可互換使用；以may開(kāi)頭的一般疑問(wèn)句，其肯定回答應(yīng)用may，而其否定回答則多用mustnt，而不用may not。(2010常州)Have you decided where to spend your summer holiday?Not yet. We _ go to Qingdao.Amust Bshould Cneed Dmay (2010廣安)E

12、xcuse me, can you tell me the way to the zoo? Sorry, Im new here. Please ask that policeman. He _ know.Acan Bneed Cmay答案：D；C (3)must的用法：表示“必須、應(yīng)該”；表示推測(cè)，“一定”。must表示推測(cè)時(shí)一般用于肯定句。在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中一般應(yīng)用can，否定句中也用may，但may not表示“可能不”，而cant表示“不可能”。否定句中，mustnt表示禁止，意為“不允許”；以must開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答應(yīng)用must，而否定回答則常用neednt，neednt表示“

13、不需要、不必”，相當(dāng)于dont have to。(2010揚(yáng)州)Must I mop up the floor now?No, you _.AneedntBcantCshouldnt Dmustnt(2010赤峰)Must I answer this question in English?No, you _.Amustnt Bneednt Ccant DShouldn答案：A；B(4)need的用法：need 既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，后跟動(dòng)詞原形，主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。而need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)的變化，后接帶to的不定式。You

14、neednt come to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.如果你有重要的事，下午的會(huì)就不必來(lái)了。Does she need to come? 她需要來(lái)嗎？注：比較can和be able to兩者表示能力時(shí)用法相同，但can只有現(xiàn)在式can和過(guò)去式could兩種形式，其他時(shí)態(tài)要用be able to來(lái)表示。另外，be able to常常有做成了某件事的意味。must和cantmust用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測(cè)，意為“一定”。推測(cè)的否定形式，疑問(wèn)形式用cant, couldnt表示。 如：He

15、 must be working in his office. 他一定在辦公室工作呢。Mike cant have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning. 邁克一定還沒(méi)有找回他的車(chē)，因?yàn)樵缟纤亲财?chē)來(lái)上班的。考 點(diǎn)2 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)：1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)概念：(1)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；He always helps others. 他總是幫助別人。(2)表示現(xiàn)在的情況或狀態(tài)；He is a teacher. 他是個(gè)老師。(3)表示客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。The sun rises from the east. 太陽(yáng)從東邊升起。

16、構(gòu)成形式：am/is/are或?qū)嵙x動(dòng)詞的原形(主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always，often，usually，sometimes，once a week，every day等。動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成：一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾直接加s，如lives，works等。以s，x，sh，ch，o結(jié)尾的，加es，如goes，does, washes, passes等。以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的，把y變?yōu)閕，再加es，如flyflies，studystudies，worryworries；以元音字母y結(jié)尾的，直接加s，如enjoyenjoys，playplays。特殊：havehas

17、，am/areisIt will be a long time before Jack finishes his work.杰克要完成他的工作需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。MidAutumn Day usually comes in September or October every year.中秋節(jié)通常都在每年的九月或十月。考查熱點(diǎn)：如果主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，if，unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句和when，until，as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。What about going climbing if it doesnt rain tomorrow?如果明天不下雨，去爬山

18、怎么樣？2一般過(guò)去時(shí)(1)概念：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，存在的狀態(tài)或過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。(2)構(gòu)成形式：肯定式：be(was，were)；行為動(dòng)詞(過(guò)去式)否定式：was/werenot；行為動(dòng)詞didnt動(dòng)詞原形疑問(wèn)式：was/were主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)；行為動(dòng)詞did主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形(3)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化：動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種情況，不規(guī)則變化應(yīng)特別記憶。規(guī)則變化有如下形式：一般在動(dòng)詞后直接加ed。如：climbed，worked，asked等。以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞在后面直接加d。如：lived，described，agreed等。以輔音字母y結(jié)尾的，先把y變?yōu)閕再加ed。如：crycr

19、ied，copycopied，trytried等。以元音字母y結(jié)尾的，直接加ed。如enjoyenjoyed，playplayed等。以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，如果末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，則先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母，再加ed。如：stopstopped，planplanned，preferpreferred等。(4)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：ago，yesterday，last week，the day before yesterday, long long ago, once upon a time(5)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法：表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Did you wash your c

20、lothes? 你洗衣服了嗎？I was going to wash my clothes but I had visitors.我將要洗，但是我來(lái)客人了。表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與always，usually，often, never，sometimes等連用(過(guò)去常常做某事也可用used to do sth來(lái)表示)。since從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。It is ten years since I came here.自從我來(lái)這已經(jīng)有十年了。3一般將來(lái)時(shí)(1)概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)以及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備要做的事。(2)構(gòu)成形式：“will/shall動(dòng)詞原形”或“am/is/a

21、re going to動(dòng)詞原形”。(3)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用的時(shí)間：tomorrow，next week，in a few days，next Sunday, in一段時(shí)間等。(4)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是I或we第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)，問(wèn)句中一般用shall，表示征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)。When shall we finish homework? 我們應(yīng)該什么時(shí)候完成作業(yè)？(5)be going tov.(動(dòng)原)表示計(jì)劃、打算做某事，表示已決定的，很可能發(fā)生的事，或有某種跡象表明要發(fā)生的事。Look at the clouds，there is going to be a storm.看那些云，將會(huì)有暴風(fēng)雨。(6)下列幾種情況只可

22、用shall(will)表將來(lái)，而不可用be going to結(jié)構(gòu)。表示有禮貌地詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方是否愿意或表示客氣的邀請(qǐng)或命令時(shí)。Will you please lend me your pen?請(qǐng)把你的鋼筆借我用一下，好嗎？表示意愿時(shí)。We will help him if he asks us. 如果他愿意，我們會(huì)幫助他。表單純性的將來(lái)，與人的主觀愿望和判斷無(wú)關(guān)時(shí)。The sun will set at 7：30 this afternoon. 太陽(yáng)會(huì)在下午7：30落下。(7)當(dāng)主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，在if，as soon as，until, when等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

23、I will call you as soon as I get there.我一到那就給你打電話(huà)。(8)位移詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。(9)there be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來(lái)時(shí)為there will be/there is going to be。(10)will/shall, be about to do 與 be going to 的區(qū)別。一般將來(lái)時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“will/shall動(dòng)詞原形”，表示一個(gè)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。be about to do 結(jié)構(gòu)表示客觀、馬上就要發(fā)生的事，一般不與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)表示必然或很可能發(fā)生的事情；be to do結(jié)構(gòu)表示按職責(zé)、

24、義務(wù)和要求必須去做或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)概念：表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生或持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。(2)構(gòu)成形式：am/is/are動(dòng)詞的ing 形式。(3)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)及提示語(yǔ)有：now，these days, right now, at present, at this moment, Look！， Listen！等。(4)go，leave，arrive，start等位移詞用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。The train is coming soon. 火車(chē)一會(huì)就來(lái)了。(5)當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為now，these days等時(shí)或當(dāng)句子中含有l(wèi)ook，listen，can you see，can

25、t you see之類(lèi)的暗示詞時(shí)，要使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。但應(yīng)注意下列這些動(dòng)詞一般不用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 的句子中：表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞。如：see，hear等。表示喜歡或厭惡的動(dòng)詞。如：like，love等。表示希望的動(dòng)詞。如：want，would like等。表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。如：be等。表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞。如：have等。表示思維、知識(shí)或理解能力的動(dòng)詞。如：know，think等。5現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(1)概念：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。(2)構(gòu)成形式：have/has動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。(3)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有for a long tim

26、e，recently，yet，lately，ever，never，already，since，by this time，before，just，in the past/last few years，since過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)， since時(shí)間段ago，since從句(一般過(guò)去時(shí))。(4)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與表示一段時(shí)間的for短語(yǔ)、since短語(yǔ)或從句等連用時(shí)，應(yīng)注意句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須是延續(xù)性的，而不能是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如：comebe here，gobe there，diebe dead，borrowkeep，buyhave，joinbe in，leavebe away，begin to studystud

27、y等。(5)have been to，have gone to，have been in 的用法區(qū)別：have been to 表示“過(guò)去曾去過(guò)某地”，說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)已從該地回來(lái)或已從該地去了其他地方，總之，現(xiàn)在已不在該地；have gone to則表示“已去了某地”，說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)不在說(shuō)話(huà)地點(diǎn)，或在去某地的途中，或已到了某地，總之現(xiàn)在還未回來(lái)；have been in表示“已在某地待了多久”，后面跟副詞時(shí)不用in。Where is Mrs Smith? 史密斯夫人在哪？She isnt here.She_has_gone to England. 她不在這。她去了英國(guó)。(6)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在

28、完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響、結(jié)果等，不與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的事實(shí)，不表示與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，可與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。6過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)概念：表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。(2)構(gòu)成形式：was/were動(dòng)詞的ing形式表示往返、位移的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)?？捎脕?lái)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。We wanted to tell her that the train was_leaving an hour later.我們想告訴她火車(chē)將在一小時(shí)后開(kāi)。注意區(qū)別：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間“發(fā)生了的動(dòng)作”或“存在了的狀態(tài)”，而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)在過(guò)去某一

29、時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間“正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作”。Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.瑪麗昨晚給她的朋友寫(xiě)了封信。(表明信寫(xiě)完了)Mary was_writing a letter to her friend last night.瑪麗昨晚一直在給她的朋友寫(xiě)信。(只表明“一直在寫(xiě)”，不清楚“是否寫(xiě)完”，也許信還沒(méi)有寫(xiě)完)(3)常與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有兩類(lèi)：一類(lèi)是表過(guò)去的“某點(diǎn)”時(shí)間，如：at that time，this time，last week，“when he came in”類(lèi)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句等；另一類(lèi)是表過(guò)去的“某段”時(shí)間，如yesterd

30、ay morning等。What were you doing at nine oclock last Sunday morning?上周日上午九點(diǎn)鐘你在干什么？While John was walking to school，he saw a cat in a tree.當(dāng)約翰步行上學(xué)時(shí)，他看見(jiàn)一只貓?jiān)谝豢脴?shù)上。7過(guò)去完成時(shí)(1)過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或一直延續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。它表示動(dòng)作所發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，常用“助動(dòng)詞had過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。By the time she got up，her brother had already gone into the

31、bathroom.她起床的時(shí)候，她的弟弟就已經(jīng)進(jìn)了盥洗室。(2)過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要區(qū)別是時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)不同：過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)是某個(gè)“過(guò)去的”時(shí)間；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間參照點(diǎn)是“現(xiàn)在”。因此現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的很多規(guī)則， 也適用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)。When I got to the cinema, the film had_been_on.當(dāng)我到達(dá)電影院時(shí)，電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。(3)常與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：by (the end of) 過(guò)去的時(shí)間，for時(shí)間段，since時(shí)間點(diǎn)，when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí))等。By the end of the match，they h

32、ad kicked two goals and we had kicked four.到比賽結(jié)束時(shí)，他們已踢進(jìn)兩個(gè)球，我們進(jìn)了四個(gè)球。Did you see Tom at the party? 在聚會(huì)上你看見(jiàn)湯姆了嗎？No，he had_left by the time I got there.沒(méi)有，我到那的時(shí)候他已經(jīng)走了。8過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(1)概念：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，從過(guò)去看將來(lái)。(2)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：the next day (morning，year.)，the following month(week.)等。(3)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定形式：was/were going todo；shoul

33、d/woulddo否定形式：was/werenotgoing todo；should/wouldnotdo疑問(wèn)形式：was或were放在主語(yǔ)前；should/would提到主語(yǔ)前。如：They were going to have a meeting.他們?cè)?jīng)打算開(kāi)個(gè)會(huì)。He said he would go to Shanghai for the holiday.他說(shuō)他要到上海去度假。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)經(jīng)常用在間接引語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)從句中。如：Jim asked Lucy if she would buy the new book.吉姆問(wèn)露西她是否要買(mǎi)那本新書(shū)。考 點(diǎn)3 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)：1動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)與謂

34、語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者。A talk on science will be given in our school next Monday.下周一在我們學(xué)校將會(huì)有一場(chǎng)關(guān)于科學(xué)的演講。2被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)完全一樣。其后的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞必須為及物動(dòng)詞，或“動(dòng)詞介詞”構(gòu)成的及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)以及物動(dòng)詞ask為例，其各種時(shí)態(tài)形式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)如下表所示。3.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，主要用于下列幾種情況中：(1)不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)

35、行者是誰(shuí)。This watch is made in China.這塊手表是在中國(guó)制造的。(2)沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。More trees must be planted every year.每年都應(yīng)該種更多的樹(shù)。(3)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者。Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越來(lái)越多的人說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)。(強(qiáng)調(diào)漢語(yǔ)的使用廣泛)(4)句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。Many houses were washed away in the flood.許多房屋被洪水沖走了。4主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換(1)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸?/p>

36、動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。要將主動(dòng)句里的賓語(yǔ)成分變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)成分，若主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞，要將賓格變成主格。把主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)，將主格變成賓格，并由by引導(dǎo)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式動(dòng)作承受者被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：動(dòng)作承受者謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)形式動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者We asked him to sing an English song.(變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))He was asked to sing an English song by us.(2)帶雙賓語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶雙賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，既可以將間接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化成主語(yǔ)，也可以將直接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化成主語(yǔ)。若將間接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化成主語(yǔ)，

37、則保留直接賓語(yǔ)；若將直接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化成主語(yǔ)則保留間接賓語(yǔ)，且在被保留的間接賓語(yǔ)前加上介詞to或for。She gave me a book.(變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))I was given a book.(間接賓語(yǔ)me改為主語(yǔ))A book was given to me.(直接賓語(yǔ)a book改為主語(yǔ))(3)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。許多由不及物動(dòng)詞和介詞、副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有賓語(yǔ)，也可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞。We should speak to old men politely.(變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Old men

38、should be spoken to politely.(to不可省略)(4)帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。賓語(yǔ)加上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只把賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在原處，成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.(5)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后動(dòng)詞形式的選擇主動(dòng)句中在感官動(dòng)詞see，hear，watch，feel，notice等，及使役動(dòng)詞let，make，have等后跟省略to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)應(yīng)加上不

39、定式符號(hào)to。He makes the girl stay at home.(變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))The girl is made to stay at home.Last Sunday we heard them sing Peking Opera in the theatre.(改為同義句)They were heard to sing Peking Opera in that theatre last Sunday.(6)主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)意義open，lock，write，read，sell，clean，wash，cut，burn，drive等詞作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它們的主語(yǔ)為物，可用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)

40、意義。This kind of pen writes very smoothly.這種筆寫(xiě)起來(lái)很流暢。This kind of shirt sells well here.這種樣式的襯衫在這里很好賣(mài)。look，sound，taste，smell等系動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表被動(dòng)意義。Uniforms look ugly on us.我們穿的制服很難看。Mooncakes taste delicious.月餅嘗起來(lái)味道很好。在 be worth doing 中 doing表被動(dòng)意義。This book is worth reading.這本書(shū)值得一讀。want/need/requiredoing相當(dāng)于wa

41、nt/need/requireto be done。to be done 表示不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。My bike needs repairing.My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行車(chē)需要修理。中考試題分析：1.Miss Gao came to our school in 2006. She _ here for four years. Ateaches Btaught Chas taught2.Have you ever _ Xingkai Lake?Yes. I _ there last month. Its quite beautiful.Agone to;

42、went Bbeen to; went Cbeen to; go 3.Do you know when the 29th Olympic Games _？ Yes, in 2008.Ahold Bis held Cwas held4.John, you cant go out to play until your homework _.OK, Mum.Afinishes Bhas finished Cis finished 5.Wheres Li Hua?Look! He _ tennis on the playground.Aplays BplayedCwas playing Dis pla

43、ying6.Jack? Jack? Can you come?I _ my homework. Ado Bwill do Cam doing Dwas doing7.I _ cleaning my bedroom. Its clean now. Wow. When _ you _ it?Ahave finished; did; finish Bfinished; have; finishedCfinish; do; finish Dhave finished; have; finished 8.You have a nice watch.Thank you. I _ it since I go

44、t married.Ahad Bbought Chave had Dhave bought9.What did your dad tell you, my baby?He said the sun _ in the east.Awent up Bwill go up Cgoes up 10.Our teacher told us that light _ faster than sound.Atravels Btravelled Ctravelling Dis travelled11.Its difficult for the village children to cross the riv

45、er for school.I think a bridge _ over the river. Ashould be built Bis being built Chas been built Dwas built12.Where _ the 2010 World EXPO _？ In Shanghai. Adoes; hold Bhas; held Cwill; hold Dis; held練習(xí)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞(訓(xùn)練時(shí)間：41分鐘分值：41分)1(2010安徽)What will the weather be like tomorrow? It _ be rainy, cloudy or

46、 sunny. Who knows? Amust Bmight Cshall Dshould2(2010河北)Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon? Yes, you _. Amust Bcan Cmay Dneed3(2010武漢)Look at that girl! Is it Susan? No, it _ be her. She has gone back to her hometown. Amustnt Bcant Cneednt Dwouldnt4(2010咸寧)Wow! You look different! You _

47、 wear glasses. Yes, I did. But now I am wearing contact lenses(隱形眼鏡) Acould Bmust Cused to Dwould5(2010銅仁)This pair of shoes _ belong to Jack. He likes this kind very much. It _ be his. Its too large for him. Acan; cant Bmay; neednt Cmust; mustnt Dmust; cant6(2010鎮(zhèn)江)They _ play football last Friday

48、because Simon forgot to bring his football here. Acould Bcouldnt Ccant Dcan7(2010蘇州)I dont care what my teachers think. Well，you _. Acould Bwould Cshould Dmight8(2010上海)Is this a photo of your daughter? She looks _ in the pink dress! Alovely Bquietly Cpolitely Dhappily9(2010廣州)It doesnt look like ra

49、in, so you _ bring your umbrella with you. Ashouldnt Bmustnt Ccant Dneednt10(2010連云港)_ I have a ticket, please? Sorry, sir. All the tickets were sold out ten minutes ago. AMay BNeed CMust DShould11(2010寧夏)Must I do the work today? No, you _. You may do it tomorrow. Acant Bmustnt Cshouldnt Dneednt12(2010河南)Its such a long way! What shall I do? You _ take my car if you want. Awill Bmust Cmay Dshall13(2010梧州)Song Zuyings voice is very sweet and her songs _ very beautiful. Ataste Bsound Csmell Dfeel 15(2010