分詞短語作狀語詳細(xì)(含詳細(xì)題目分析,歡迎交流指正)

1、CH-分詞短語作狀語以及不定式作狀語Period 1:分詞短語作狀語1. 什么是狀語：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等及其短語或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。2. 狀語的表現(xiàn)形式：(1)副詞及其詞組Light travels most quickly.光傳播得最快。Factories and buildi ngs are see n here and the 至 U處能見至 U工廠和建筑物。(2 )介詞短語He has lived in the city for ten ye 他在那座城市住了10 年。If spite of the difficulties, we went on w

2、ith our work.盡管有困難，我們還是繼續(xù)工作。(3 )不定式(短語)He is proud to have passed the National College Entrance Examination. 他因能通過高考而感至卩自豪。The box is too heavy for me to lift. 這個(gè)箱子太重，我抬不起來。(4 )分詞(短語)主語一直可以省略He is in the room making a model plane. 他正在房間里做一架飛機(jī)模型。Not knowing what to do, he decided to ask the teacher f

3、or advice.他不知道怎么辦才好，決定去向老師尋求意見。Encouraged by the teacher, I made up my mi nd to lear n En glish well.在老師的鼓勵(lì)下，我決心把英語學(xué)好。(5 )名詞(短語)Wait a min ute.等一下Would you please come this way. 請(qǐng)這邊走，好嗎？The road is fifty kilometers long and ten meters wide這條路有 50 公里長， 10 米寬。(6 )從句Once you begin, you must continue.旦開

4、始，你就得繼續(xù)下去。It is very difficult to live where there is little water 在沒有水的地方，活是十分艱難的。I must work harder in order that I may catch up with others. 為了趕上其他人，我必須更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。3. 狀語的分類(1 )時(shí)間狀語How about meet ing aga in at six? 6:00 再見面怎樣？When it rains, I usually go to school by bus.下雨天我通常乘公共汽車去學(xué)校。(2 )原因狀語Last nigh

5、t she didn' t go to the dance because of the rain.由于下雨，她昨晚沒有去參加舞會(huì)。Since you are very busy I won ' t trouble you.既然你很忙，我就不打擾你了。(3 )條件狀語I shall go thereif it doesnLrain如果不下雨，我將到那里去。只要你努力，你就可以在As(so) long as you work hard, you can make rapid progress in English.英語方面取得快速的進(jìn)步。（4 ）方式狀語She put the e

6、ggs into the basket with great care她十分小心地把雞蛋放進(jìn)籃子里。He has greatly improved his spoken English by this means. 他用這種方法極大的提高了他的英語水平。（5 ）伴隨狀語She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 他走了進(jìn)來，手里拿著一本字典。The teacher came in, followed by a group of students.老師走了進(jìn)來，后面跟著一群學(xué)生。（6 ）目的狀語I went there to see a friend o

7、f mine. 我去哪里去看我的一個(gè)朋友。Bring it closer so that I may see it better. 把它那近些，以便我可以看得更清楚。（7 ）結(jié)果狀語He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.他累極了，立刻就睡著了。He is so good a teacher that the stude nts love and respect him.他是一位很好的老師，學(xué)生們都敬愛他。（8 ）讓步狀語She worked very hard though she is old. 雖然她年紀(jì)大了，但她工作仍然十分努力。

8、No matter when you come, you are warmly welcome.不管你什么時(shí)候來，你都會(huì)受至U熱烈歡迎。（9 ）程度狀語They were greatly moved to hear the hero' s story.聽了英雄的故事，他們深受感動(dòng)。I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意見。（10 ）比較狀語I am taller tha n he is.我比他高。The more I speak English, the better I ' ll be.我英語講得越多，就講得越好。4.分詞短語作狀語的用法（高考重點(diǎn)）（

9、1 ）分詞短語做狀語的句法功能分詞或分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，可以表時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。語有時(shí)可由連詞 while或when引出。Heari ng the n ews, they got excited.(時(shí)間)Be careful while/when crossing the street.(Having bee n bitte n by a sn ake, she was frighte ned at it.Given a cha nee, I can surprise the world.The cup dropped to the ground, break

10、ing into pieces.(Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.( 犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。表示時(shí)間關(guān)系的分詞短 聽到這個(gè)消息，他們很興奮。時(shí)間）過街口時(shí)，一定要小心。（原因）由于被蛇咬過，她很怕蛇。（條件） 給我一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)讓世界驚奇。結(jié)果）茶杯掉在地上，摔成了碎片。讓步）被告訴了很多次，他仍舊伴隨狀況）The teacher came into the lab, followed by some stude nts.( 老師走進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，后面跟著一些學(xué)生。（2 ）分詞短語作狀語的形式有以下五種:形式意義

11、doi ng與句中的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，與句中的謂語動(dòng)詞同 時(shí)發(fā)生，或基本上冋時(shí)發(fā)生意思是1 ）表主動(dòng)2 ）表同時(shí)進(jìn)行（與，或）havi ng done與句中的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，先于謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生 意思是1 ）表主動(dòng)2 ）表先于 主句”謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生being done與句中的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，一般做原因狀語置于句首意思是1 ）表被動(dòng)2 ）表同時(shí)進(jìn)行done與句中的主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 意思是1 ）表被動(dòng)2 ）表完成（與，或）havi ng bee n done與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且先于謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。 意思是1 ）表被動(dòng)2 ）表先于 主句

12、”謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生練習(xí)分析：1. Dto get a ticket for the 2008 Olympic Games, George has bee n sta nding in a queue fortwo days.A. Determi ngB.To be determ inedC. To determ ineD. Determ ined分析：方法一（打回原形）來源句型Sb is determi ned to do sth,這里的determ in ed是個(gè)形容詞，來源于過去分詞determi ned，我們說過所有的分詞都可以當(dāng)做形容詞來看待。現(xiàn)在我們把這里的determ in ed 當(dāng)做

13、它的本源過去分詞看待。這句話就等于：After George is determ ined to get a ticket for the 2008 Olympic Games, George has bee nsta nding in a queue for two days.去掉連詞after ，相同的主語 George ，去掉be動(dòng)詞Determ ined to get a ticket for the 2008 Olympic Games, George has bee n sta nding in a queuefor two days.這里的determ in ed來源于be de

14、termi ned,是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的分詞，直接用就可以了，既然已經(jīng)是分詞了，我們就不需要做任何變化了。方法二（一一排除）：A.Determining,doing表示1）表主動(dòng) 2）表同時(shí)講行（與，或），句中是有主動(dòng)的意思，可是沒有同時(shí)進(jìn)行的意思，是先覺得，然后才去站隊(duì)買票。C.不定式，暫不做分析。D .determined , done 表示1 ）表被動(dòng) 2 ）表完成（與，或）從句型be determined to do sth看有被動(dòng)，有完成（下定了決心，然后去站隊(duì)買票），另外與sb determine to do sth不用的是前者表示狀態(tài)，后者表示動(dòng) 作，既然是狀態(tài)就暗含了已經(jīng)處于該種狀態(tài)的

15、意思或者說完成。問問：如果用 sb determine to do sth，該如何改寫這個(gè)句子呢？答：After George has determined to get a ticket for the 2008 Olympic Games, George has beensta nding in a queue for two days.去掉after,George 后,剩下了 has determined,這里的determined是個(gè)過去分詞，有同學(xué)問可不可以直接用determined，我的回答是如果不是碰巧有sb be determined to do sth這個(gè)句型，是不可以的?；?/p>

16、到主題來，has determined要把has變成過去分詞，因?yàn)槲宸N分詞短語做狀語并沒有had done這種結(jié)構(gòu),所以只能將 has determined變成Having determined.也就是說，如果有 E選項(xiàng)是 Having determined我們可以選擇。2. Having Finished his homework, he went out.（T）Finished his homework, he went out.（F）Fin ishi ng his homework, he went out.（F）方法二：having done 表示1 ）表主動(dòng)2 ）表先于 主句”謂語動(dòng)

17、詞發(fā)生，他完成了作業(yè)后，然后出去了。符合以 上兩點(diǎn)。Done，表示意思是 1）表被動(dòng) 2）表完成（與，或）他做作業(yè)，不是作業(yè)做他，所以不符合1 ）表被動(dòng)，2）雖然是完成，但是并沒有表明先于主句”謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。finishing ，doing 表示1）表主動(dòng) 2）表同時(shí)進(jìn)行（與，或）主動(dòng)沒錯(cuò)，但是沒有同時(shí)進(jìn)行的含義，畢 竟是先完成作業(yè)，然后才出去的嗎，動(dòng)作有個(gè)先后順序。再來看方法一：打回原形比較一下幾個(gè)句子：After he fini shes his homework, he will go out.After he fini shed his homework, he would go ou

18、t.After he had fini shed his homework, he went out.縱向比較（句子內(nèi)部比較）：after引導(dǎo)的從句總是比主句的時(shí)態(tài)退后一步。橫向比較（句子之間比較）：從上到下，主句和分句的時(shí)態(tài)同時(shí)退后一步,finishes變成finished, will變成would 。我們來看第三個(gè)句子，after 去掉，相同的主語 he去掉，had finished變成having finished就可以了。那么如何變前面兩個(gè)句子呢？這個(gè)就有點(diǎn)復(fù)雜了。按照我們通常的打回原形的方法，去掉after,he, 因?yàn)槭侵鲃?dòng)把determ in es,或者過去時(shí)動(dòng)詞determi

19、ned變成determi ng不就可以了嗎？現(xiàn)在問題來了，determi ng，是doing 表示的是1）表主動(dòng)2）表同時(shí)講行（與，或）主動(dòng)是沒有錯(cuò)，問題是不是同時(shí)進(jìn)行呀。所以這種誦常的做法 在這里行不通了，我們還是不得不用 Having determined.既表示主動(dòng)，又表示先于主句"的動(dòng)詞?？吹谌齻€(gè)例句，我們來進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)一下havi ng done的用法。3. Because the boy has lost the key, the boy can' t enter the house.Because the boy had lost the key, the boy

20、 could nt enter the house.把第一句的主句和分句的時(shí)態(tài)同時(shí)退后一步，就得到了第二句話。用方法一，打回原形：去掉連詞because，去掉相同的主語 the boy,分句就剩下has lost the key 和had lostthe key 了，這時(shí)候把has和had想辦法變成分詞的形式就可以了。有人會(huì)問：直接把 has和had刪去，lost 不就是分詞嗎？問題是如果這樣，我們就同時(shí)刪去了has和had 所蘊(yùn)含的 先于主句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生”的意義了。把has和had變成現(xiàn)在分詞having就可以了。有人又問：變成過去分詞had不可以嗎？我的回答是不可以，因?yàn)槲覀兯械奈宸N分詞

21、作狀語的表現(xiàn)形式并沒有had done，所以我們只能選擇用having don e.4. Seen from the hill, our school is much more beautiful.Seeing from the hill, we can find our school much more beautiful. 這兩句話都是對(duì)的，我們用兩種方法來分析它們。方法二：第一句：seen, done表示1 ）表被動(dòng) 2 ）表完成（與，或），our school當(dāng)然是被看，所以表被動(dòng)沒有問題，第二層意思我們?nèi)』颉睕]有這層意思。第二句：seeing ， doing 表示 1 ） 表主動(dòng) 2

22、 ） 表同時(shí)進(jìn)行（與，或）， 主句”的主語是 we，表主動(dòng)沒有問題，表同時(shí)進(jìn)行，這里也是取或”沒有這層意思。方法一：打回原形：If our school is seen from the hill, our school is much more beautiful.If we see from the hill, we can find our school much more beautiful.（這里的 see 是 vi.）第一句去掉if,去掉相同的主語 the school ，去掉be動(dòng)詞，直接用seen這個(gè)過去分詞就可以了。第二句去掉if，去掉相同的主語 we, see這個(gè)動(dòng)詞是個(gè)一

23、般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞原形，要把它變成分詞才可以。因?yàn)槭侵鲃?dòng)，所以我們把它變成現(xiàn)在分詞seei ng就可以了。5. A_dow n the street the other day, I saw a terrible accide nt.A. Walki ngB. Walked C.To walk D.Havi ng walked分析：我沿著街走的同時(shí)，我看到了車禍。此句話包含兩層意思：1.主動(dòng)2.同時(shí)發(fā)生 符合doing 表示1 ）表主動(dòng)2 ） 表同時(shí)進(jìn)行（與，或）所以選 A沒有任何問題。請(qǐng)按照， done和having done 蘊(yùn)含的意思去分析 B， D兩個(gè)選 項(xiàng)。C不定式我們以后再做分析。6

24、. C in white, she looks much more beautiful.A. To dress B. Dress ingC. Dressed D. To be dressed.分析：為了了解 dress的用法，請(qǐng)先看牛津高階詞典有關(guān)dress 的例句：* Hurry up and get dressed!快點(diǎn)穿上衣服！ * Is she old enough to dress herself yet?她會(huì)自己穿衣服了嗎 ？ * He was dressed as awoman, ie wearing a woman's clothes.他男扮女裝 .* a woman

25、dressed in green穿著綠衣服的女子.我們來看例句 Hurry up and get dressed! = You hurry up and you get dressed!Sb get dressed與sb is dressed不用的是前者是動(dòng)作，后者是狀態(tài)。表示某人穿什么顏色的衣服有個(gè)比較常用的表達(dá)式Sb isdressed in red/white/black-方法一：If the girl is dressed in white, she looks much more beautiful.If去掉，相同的主語 the girl 去掉，be動(dòng)詞去掉。過去分詞 dressed

26、 直接保留，這里的done ，同樣1 ）表被 動(dòng)2 ）表完成（與，或）的含義。有同學(xué)問不是有 sb dress herself 這個(gè)短語嗎，那么為什么不能選擇B.Dress ing這個(gè)選項(xiàng)呢？答：如果題干是herself in white, she looks much more beautiful.A. To dress B. Dress ingC. Dressed D. To be dressed.題干多了一個(gè)單詞 herself，這題正確答案就是B. Dressi ng 了。打回原形看下：If she dresses herself in white, she looks much mo

27、re beautiful.7 D good care of , the old man is livi ng a happy life.B. Taking B.To be take nC. Havi ng take nD. Take n分析：表示被動(dòng)，完成，用Done，所以選D。C選項(xiàng)表示如果改成 Having been taken就可以選了。請(qǐng)自已去分析，分析不明白的話，記得第一時(shí)間問老師。8. A automatically(自動(dòng)地)，the email will be received by all the club members.A. Mailed out B. Maili ng o

28、ut C. To be mailed out D. Havi ng mailed out分析：email被發(fā)出去后，將會(huì)被收到。有兩層含義：被動(dòng)，完成。所以選A。D項(xiàng)要改成Having been mailed ,可以考慮選 D。其他自己分析，不懂問老師。9. Whe never he was asked why he was late for class, he would an swer carelessly, always_Athe same thing.A.say ingB. said C. to say D.havi ng said分析：該句要表單主動(dòng)以及和answer carelessly這個(gè)主句"謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生兩層含義。所以算 A.saying10. B for the break dow n of the school computer n etwork, Alice was in low spirits.A. Blami ngB. Blamed C. To blamed D. To be blamed分析：本句要表達(dá)被動(dòng)和完成兩層含義，所以選 B，具體情況自己分析。最后補(bǔ)充一句不定式的例題：11. C this cake, you' ll need 2 eggs, 175