初中英定語(yǔ)從句ppt課件

1、定語(yǔ)從句Attributive Clause三大從句：三大從句：e.g. Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. e.g. Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. e.g. That they are good at English is known to us all. e.g. That they are good at English is known to us all. e.g. Although they are poo

2、r,(yet)they are warm-hearted.e.g. Although they are poor,(yet)they are warm-hearted.1) 1)定語(yǔ)從句：在句中修飾名詞，代詞或者句子，充任定語(yǔ)從句：在句中修飾名詞，代詞或者句子，充任定語(yǔ)成分。定語(yǔ)成分。2) 2)名詞性從句：包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句：包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句，在句中充任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位和同位語(yǔ)從句，在句中充任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)成分。語(yǔ)成分。3)3)狀語(yǔ)從句：主要包括時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、目的、緣狀語(yǔ)從句：主要包括時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、目的、緣由、結(jié)果、退

3、讓、方式和比較狀語(yǔ)從句由、結(jié)果、退讓、方式和比較狀語(yǔ)從句, ,在句中充任狀在句中充任狀語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句 ()1、功能：相當(dāng)于描畫(huà)詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句、功能：相當(dāng)于描畫(huà)詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語(yǔ)中作定語(yǔ)2、位置：定語(yǔ)從句通常置于被修飾詞之后、位置：定語(yǔ)從句通常置于被修飾詞之后e.g. Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞、先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞4、關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的都稱關(guān)系詞、關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的都稱關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞：who,

4、whom, which, that, whose, as關(guān)系副詞：關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why。that偶爾也作偶爾也作關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系副詞。(*沒(méi)有沒(méi)有what)關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞who 代表人代表人whom 代表人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)代表人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)which 代表物代表物that 代表人或物，只引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句代表人或物，只引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句whose 代表人或物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)代表人或物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)as 代表人或物，常與代表人或物，常與same, such搭配，不搭配，不能省略能省略關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞副詞when 表示時(shí)間，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)where 表示地點(diǎn)，充

5、當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)表示地點(diǎn)，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)why 表示原因，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)表示原因，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)5、確定關(guān)系詞的步驟1先找先行詞，再找關(guān)系詞。2看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充任的成分。e.g. This is the place where I work. 6. 6.先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系先行詞和關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系先行詞和關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系 He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the

6、match.match.句中句中oneone為先行詞為先行詞 He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match. He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.句中句中studentsstudents為先行詞為先行詞 There are many places that we can visit them in China. There are many places that we can visit them in China. 先行詞

7、在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。先行詞而定。關(guān)系詞在從句句子中充任了成分，其意思就是先關(guān)系詞在從句句子中充任了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能反復(fù)其意。行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能反復(fù)其意。7.關(guān)系詞在從句中省略的情況關(guān)系詞在從句中省略的情況:關(guān)系詞作賓語(yǔ)，前無(wú)介詞時(shí)。關(guān)系詞作賓語(yǔ)，前無(wú)介詞時(shí)。關(guān)系詞作表語(yǔ)。關(guān)系詞作表語(yǔ)。限制性定語(yǔ)從句 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 形式上 不用不用 “，”與主句隔開(kāi)。與主句隔開(kāi)。 用用 “，”與主句隔開(kāi)。與主句隔開(kāi)。 意義上 是先行詞不可缺少的是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)只是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)只是對(duì)先行

8、詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明明 關(guān)系詞的使用上 可省關(guān)系詞詞（表、可省關(guān)系詞詞（表、賓）賓）可用可用thatC.可用可用who 代替代替 whom A不可省略不可省略 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞B不用不用thatC不可用不可用who 代替代替 whom8.分類: 限定性定語(yǔ)從句與非限定性定語(yǔ)從句1.I, who is your good friend, will try my best to help you out.2.The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far away village. 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句

9、()1. 在定語(yǔ)從句中，領(lǐng)先行詞指物時(shí)，以下情況的關(guān)系在定語(yǔ)從句中，領(lǐng)先行詞指物時(shí)，以下情況的關(guān)系詞宜用詞宜用that而不用而不用whiche.g. This is the best that has been used against pollution.Love is the last possession that I want to give up.This was the only thing that he could remember.We havent got anything that we can offer you.He was looking pleasantly at

10、 the children and parcels that filled his bus. Which is the bike that you lost?The school is no longer the one that it was.1先行詞被描畫(huà)詞最高級(jí)先行詞被描畫(huà)詞最高級(jí) 序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞或被或被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修飾時(shí)。等修飾時(shí)。2先行詞為先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時(shí)。等不定代詞時(shí)。3先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。4

11、當(dāng)主句中含有疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主句中含有疑問(wèn)詞which時(shí)。時(shí)。5先行詞在主句做表語(yǔ)時(shí)先行詞在主句做表語(yǔ)時(shí)2.2.宜用宜用whichwhich而不用而不用thatthat的情況的情況e.g. Beijing, which is the capital of e.g. Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a very beautiful city. China, is a very beautiful city. This is the hotel in which you will This is the hotel in which you will

12、stay. stay. 1 1在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中2 2在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí)在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí)3 3領(lǐng)先行詞本身是領(lǐng)先行詞本身是thatthat時(shí)時(shí)3.關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞who與與that指人時(shí)，不同情況分別用不同的指人時(shí)，不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞1當(dāng)主句是當(dāng)主句是who作疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用作疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that。e.g. Who is that girl that is standing by the window?2whom在從句中只作賓語(yǔ)，可被在從句中只作賓語(yǔ)，可被who取代。但取代。但在介詞之后只能用在介詞之后只能用whom4.whose作關(guān)系詞既指人又指物，

13、在從句中作關(guān)系詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)of which 。whose+名詞名詞the 名詞名詞of which/of which the 名詞名詞e.g. Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?There is a room, whose window faces the river.=There is a room, the window of which faces the river.5.5.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞as,as,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。常用于句型：常用于句型： the same

14、 as ;suchas ;as many/much the same as ;suchas ;as many/much asase.g.e.g. Such books as you bought are useful.Such books as you bought are useful.The wallet is just the same as I lost the The wallet is just the same as I lost the other day.(other day.(兩件兩件) )留意區(qū)別留意區(qū)別: :such that such that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。引

15、導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。e.g.e.g. They are such lovely children that we They are such lovely children that we love them much.love them much.the same that the same that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。e.g. e.g. I want to use the same tool that I want to use the same tool that you used just now. (you used just now. (同一件同一件) )2 2定語(yǔ)從句

16、用定語(yǔ)從句用asas和和whichwhich引導(dǎo)的區(qū)別：引導(dǎo)的區(qū)別：同同: :均可用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；均可用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句； 均可以修飾整個(gè)主句均可以修飾整個(gè)主句異異: :意義上：意義上：as as 含有含有“這點(diǎn)正如這點(diǎn)正如一樣。一樣。 位置上：位置上：as as 從句位置靈敏從句位置靈敏 ，可置句首，也，可置句首，也可在另處?？稍诹硖?。e.g. He didne.g. He didnt pass the exam, as we had t pass the exam, as we had expected.expected. There is lots of air in l

17、oose snow, There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.which can keep the cold out. As is known, the earth is round, not As is known, the earth is round, not flat.flat.6. 6. 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞whenwhen與與wherewhere、whywhy、thatthat when when 指時(shí)間指時(shí)間 = in / at / on / during = in / at / on / dur

18、ing whichwhich where where指地點(diǎn)指地點(diǎn) = in / at / from / which = in / at / from / which why why指緣由指緣由 = for which = for which* *whywhy不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，只能用不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，只能用for for whichwhich領(lǐng)先行詞為領(lǐng)先行詞為wayway、dayday、reasonreason、timetime時(shí)，可用時(shí)，可用thatthat作關(guān)系副詞。非正式場(chǎng)所作關(guān)系副詞。非正式場(chǎng)所e.g. I dont like the way that / in whi

19、ch e.g. I dont like the way that / in which / /0 0 he talks. he talks.定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句()()1.1.關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞，關(guān)系詞只能是關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞，關(guān)系詞只能是whichwhich和和whomwhom。關(guān)系詞前介詞的選擇關(guān)系詞前介詞的選擇Step 1:Step 1:看定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)部分短少什么介詞看定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)部分短少什么介詞( (動(dòng)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配詞的固定搭配) )Step 2:Step 2:將先行詞帶入從句，看選擇哪個(gè)介詞將先行詞帶入從句，看選擇哪個(gè)介詞Step 3:Step 3:可以經(jīng)過(guò)整個(gè)句子整體含義來(lái)

20、判別，可以經(jīng)過(guò)整個(gè)句子整體含義來(lái)判別，將先行詞帶入從句中將先行詞帶入從句中1.China has many rivers,_the Changjiang River is the longest. A.which B. in which C.among which D. one of which2.This is the very knife_I used to cut apples yesterday. A.that B.by which C.which D.with which介詞填空：介詞填空：3.The speed_which you drive your car mustnt too

21、 high.4.In the park there are many flowers, the colour_ which is bright and nice.5.The little girl is reading a book,_which there are many pictures.6.What were the things_which he was not too sure?7.They held a meeting,_which the hospital director made a speech.8.The book,_which he paid 6 yuan,is wo

22、rth reading.ataboutatinforof2.特例！特例！極少數(shù)定語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)了介詞極少數(shù)定語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)了介詞+where 1.China is the birthplace of kites, _ kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. from that B. from here C. from there D. from where 2.They stood at the window, _ they could see_ was happening in the street. A. where; a

23、ll B. which; allC. from where; what D. from which; that 3. 留意定語(yǔ)從句與其它從句的構(gòu)造上的細(xì)微差別留意定語(yǔ)從句與其它從句的構(gòu)造上的細(xì)微差別,可以正確區(qū)分運(yùn)用它們可以正確區(qū)分運(yùn)用它們.A: 留意區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句。留意區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句。e.g. It is the museum that / which we visited last year. It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分，復(fù)合句。定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分，復(fù)合句。強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)句it無(wú)意義

24、，無(wú)意義，that / who不是引導(dǎo)詞。不是引導(dǎo)詞。B: 定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。e.g. Word came that their army was defeated. We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞被稱為關(guān)系詞，定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞被稱為關(guān)系詞，that充任主語(yǔ)、充任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。有時(shí)可省略。賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。有時(shí)可省略。同位語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞被叫做連詞，同位語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞被叫做連詞，that不能充任不能充任任何成分，不可省。任何成分，不可省。C:1There are two

25、 boys in Peters，both of whom are white2There are two boys in Peters，and both of them are white 析：句析：句1是含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。是含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。句句2由于有并列連詞由于有并列連詞and所以是并列句。所以是并列句。 D:1This kind of plant grows best at the places where it is warm and wet2This kind of plant grows best where it is warm and wet.析：句析：句1是由關(guān)系副

26、詞是由關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞修飾先行詞places，這時(shí)的，這時(shí)的 where也可以由也可以由at which替代。替代。句句2是由銜接副詞是由銜接副詞where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，這時(shí)的這時(shí)的where不可以由介詞不可以由介詞which替代。替代。 E:1Here is such a heavy stone as I cant move 2Here is such a heavy stone that I cant move it 析：句析：句1是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞前有是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞前有 such修修飾時(shí)用飾時(shí)用as引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)，as

27、在定語(yǔ)從句中作在定語(yǔ)從句中作move的賓語(yǔ)。的賓語(yǔ)。句句2是是suchthat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。 F:1As is known to us all，the light on the earth is given by the sun 2It is known to us all that the light on the earth is given by the sun 析：句析：句1是由是由as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，這時(shí)引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，這時(shí)的定語(yǔ)從句的位置很靈敏，可以位于句首，句末或的定語(yǔ)從句的位置很靈敏，可以位于句首，句末或插在句中。插在句中。as替代整個(gè)

28、主句，在定語(yǔ)從句中充任主替代整個(gè)主句，在定語(yǔ)從句中充任主語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)。句句2是含有主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，是含有主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，it作方式主語(yǔ)，作方式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句。引導(dǎo)的從句。 1.A.Is this the factory_you visited last year? B.Is this factory_you visited last year? a.that b.where c.in which d.the one2.A.Dont discuss questions such_those. B.Lets discuss only the questions_ w

29、e are interested in. a.which b.that c.as d.about which3. A. All_I need is a good rest. B. _I need is a good rest. a. What b. All what c. That d.Which 4.A.Pisa is a city, _ has a leaning tower. B.Pisa is a city,_there is a leaning tower. a.which b.that c.where d.there5. A. It is in a box_I have hidde

30、n my money. B. Well go_we are needed. a.that b.in which c.where d.in it1. a d 2. c b 3. c a 4. a c 5. a c Ex:1. His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. A. which B. thatC. where D. it2. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked. Athat Bth

31、ere Cwhich Dwhere 3. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom4. We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people, most of _are healthy.A. that B.which C. what D. whom5. By improving reading skills, you can read