四級作文速成講稿

1、寫作講義1一篇完整的作文至少由三個不同寫作方向的段落組成， 故掌握常見的幾種段 落展開模式對高效寫好一篇作文非常重要。歸納起來常見的段落方向有 1）現(xiàn)象 段；2）解釋原因段；3）闡述利弊；4）列舉不同觀點段；5）建議措施段；6） 重要性段。謀篇：每個段落盡量朝一個方向?qū)懀屑稍谝粋€段落里什么都談一下， 讓人 抓不住重點；又忌在其他段落反復提及已經(jīng)論述過的話題。 解決這個問題最有效 的辦法是拿到作文后認真審題，對要寫的三段話參照幾個常見段落模式對內(nèi)容和 主攻方向做個規(guī)劃（即謀篇），其實無非在6種段落種選3種構(gòu)成一篇整體。最 好有個提綱，按計劃按方向分別寫好每一段，這樣就不容易竄題造成思路混亂。展

2、開：余下無非就兩件事情，擴展段落和擴展句子。1 段落的展開：講究有層次和簡潔和銜接。其實就是分點說、先說什么后 說什么、說什么不說什么的問題。首先層次問題，即最好是先一針見血地說到點 上后再解釋，而不是倒過來（中文口語方式經(jīng)常如此）。如下例A方式就比B方 式更好，更具邏輯性和讀者友好性。A: There is no doubt that “ Advertiseme nts ben efit people a lot in many ways. First of all, advertising provides people with useful information. For examp

3、le, a visitor knows which hotel is cheap by check ing the ads on n ewspape”.B: “ For example, a visitor knows which hotel is cheap by checking the ads on n ewspapers. So advertiseme nts ben efit people a lot. They provide people with useful in formatio n. ”其次是簡潔。常見的問題是：舉例時過于啰嗦，把一件簡單的事情分解成好 幾個步驟再用5、6

4、個句子才把它說完。如有人在談廣告的其中一個好處時說“ Whe n some one travels to a new place, he wants to find a place to live, but he doesnt have much money, so he wants to look for a cheap hotel. At this time, he suddenly finds a newspaper, and he reads an advertisement, saying a hotel is ched” 其實用上面的一個句子For example, a visit

5、or knows which hotel is cheap bycheck ing the ads on n ewspaper就已經(jīng)說清楚了。下筆時培養(yǎng)簡潔的習慣注意兩點：一、跟隨最重要信息走，別跟隨中文字翻 譯走；二、舉一個例子最多別用超過兩個主句的詞量（或用2滿行即可）。字數(shù)不夠能可多舉個例。如： And advertiseme nts on TV ofte n in troduce new products to the viewers.最后是銜接。在重要段落（如第 2或3段），是否用上了 to begin with,In additi on Last but no t least /

6、On the one han d, On the other han d -/ For one thing, For another,/ There are mainly two reasons as follows. / As a result.等 等詞？2.句子的擴展：展開句子分兩步考慮，一、首先如何在核心詞的基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu) 建出一個基本結(jié)構(gòu)清晰的句子？二、如何將這個簡潔甚至是簡短的句子變得稍 長？1）構(gòu)建基本句子。首先學會把話說全，即有完整的主語和謂語（賓語），盡 量把人和你要討論的話題都放到你的句子里說。句子展開的方式常有： a. 什么 人做什么事；b.什么事對于什么人如何；c.做什么事對于

7、什么人來說很如何(it is)；d.在存在什么；(there be )。The public are very concerned about this issue/ This issue has aroused much concern in the public./ There is much concern in this ca其.實都一樣。 看你擅長哪種句子啰。2) 擴展句子：如句子不夠長，常常可以通過在句首和句末加句子或介詞組 來進行強調(diào)、委婉、限制(如時間、地點、程度等)。如句首：There is no doubt that/ It goes without saying that

8、/ It s well known that/ It seems that/ It is likely that/As a coin has two sides,/ Without any doubt, /It is obvious that等; 句末：in this world/ on this planet/in the society/in recent years/ in this case/ to some degree/ to some extent/ 等。 Nowadays,語言的多樣化 另外，語言表達上的多樣也是努力的方向。 首先加強動詞的多樣化：盡量先不要用 make, le

9、t, 看看除此外能用 result in, lead to, account for, sb benefit from ； do good to； do harm to； provide sb with sth； help； bring； 等用詞否。其次，積累一些地道常見的常用表達 ： 1表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能1) It is important ( necessary，difficult ，convenient， possible) for sbto do sth2) We cantimagine what our world would become without3) It p

10、lays an important role in our life4) People attach a lot importanee to-2表示好處1) It has the follow ing adva ntages6) It provides us with opport unity to 2) It does us a lot of good3) It benefits us quite a lot in the development of our 4) It is beneficial to us5) People ben efit a lot from 3表示壞處1) Its

11、 disadvantages outweigh its advantages2) It does us much harm3) It is harmful to us4) Its negative effect should not be ignored.4表示數(shù)量1) It has increased ( decreased) fromto2) The population in this city has now increased (decreased) to 800，000 5表示看法1) People have( take， adopt，assume) different attitudes towards sth2) People have different opi