高中英語書面表達(dá)技巧(共10頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上書面表達(dá)技巧一、考點分析：1.命題形式:以提綱式為主,兼顧圖畫/表和(半)開放的形式。2.話題:與考生學(xué)習(xí)、生活密切相關(guān),包括學(xué)校生活、生態(tài)健康、人物介紹、申請求職、社會熱點、人生感悟等,重在考查考生在實際生活中的英語書面表達(dá)能力。3.體裁:與實際運用能力結(jié)合緊密,應(yīng)用文(其中以書信為主)是最典型的考查方式之一。二、命題特點：1.要點明確,范圍具體提綱作文就是把文章的情景和內(nèi)容要求分成塊,以條目的形式列出,請考生據(jù)此進(jìn)行寫作。這實際上是對考生思路和文章寫作范圍所作的明確限定。因此,提綱中所列舉的要點要全部涉及,一個也不能遺漏。這類作文主要考查的內(nèi)容一般包括:說明主題、

2、分析原因或解釋做法。作文題目中一般會提供:標(biāo)題、提綱、起始句。標(biāo)題限定短文的基本發(fā)展方向,提綱規(guī)定短文的基本框架,起始句則提供短文的起點?？忌鷳?yīng)緊扣題目主題,并根據(jù)提綱提示的思路和要點展開段落。2.思維空間靈活、開放為了提高文章檔次,考生應(yīng)在保證內(nèi)容要點齊全的同時進(jìn)行合理而又緊扣主題的發(fā)揮。因此,該類型的書面表達(dá)具有一定的靈活性,能較好地體現(xiàn)考生的英語思維能力。三、應(yīng)試策略：1.全面審題,確定層次(1)審 :認(rèn)真閱讀所給提示,弄清寫作要求和寫作提綱之間的關(guān)系,明確所寫文章的文體和主題,然后再圍繞主題進(jìn)行寫作。文體不同,格式也不同。書信有書信的格式,便條有便條的格式。同樣是通知,口頭通知與書面通

3、知的格式也不相同。因此應(yīng)根據(jù)要求來確定寫作時所采用的格式。 (2)審 :最好是三大層次,忌一攬子式的表達(dá),缺乏層次與條理;忌"擠牙膏"式的表達(dá),想到哪兒寫到哪兒,缺乏全局觀念。(3)審 :根據(jù)內(nèi)容確定應(yīng)當(dāng)使用的時態(tài)。(4)審 :審查要點,做到要點全面,避免丟三落四、要點不全,更不能錯誤地理解提綱的意思,還要防止畫蛇添足。(5)審 :要弄清表達(dá)時具體需要用什么人稱。2.理順要點,安排次序動筆前,要先考慮文章的邏輯性,弄清先寫什么,后寫什么。若給出的提示層次清楚,可按提示的順序進(jìn)行表達(dá),有時提綱類作文所提供的要點順序并非寫作時的順序,此時就要對題目所給出的要點順序作適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整,

4、并按照一定的邏輯關(guān)系,如時間順序、空間順序、事件發(fā)生的先后順序等,把這些要點排列并整理好。其次,要注意文章的連貫性。如果僅僅按照試題提供的要點來寫,而不考慮文章前后的連貫性,支離破碎的文章即使沒有語法或拼寫等錯誤,它依然不是一篇好文章。所以為了使表達(dá)連貫,注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞、過渡句等,還要結(jié)合主題和文字提示適當(dāng)發(fā)揮,增加一些內(nèi)容,使行文連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整,但切忌偏離主題的任意發(fā)揮。3.靈活表達(dá),錯落有致提綱類書面表達(dá)提供了較多的文字信息,并且給出了寫作要點,考生容易受到提綱的影響,把提綱逐條翻譯出來。其實,要點只是寫作的輪廓,為了讓文章的結(jié)構(gòu)錯落有致,就要使用準(zhǔn)確、豐富的詞匯,還要注意地道而富于

5、變化的句型的使用。一是注意簡單句、并列句以及復(fù)合句的交叉使用,以增強文章的可讀性;二是注意使用所謂高級框架結(jié)構(gòu)的句子,即定語從句、名詞性從句、倒裝句、強調(diào)句等。4.查漏補缺,修正錯誤短文寫完后要查漏補缺,看看要點是否齊全;以他人的眼光來審視自己的文章,看看表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是否清晰,用詞是否妥當(dāng),找出錯誤進(jìn)行修正。最后要謄寫清楚,以保證卷面的整潔美觀,從而提高得分。易錯警示1.細(xì)致地研究提示。提綱作文最大的特點無非是要點的確定性和要求的具體性,因此仔細(xì)而認(rèn)真地研究提示是寫好提綱作文的關(guān)鍵。只有理解了提示的含義,才有可能抓住要點,明確主題,有效地組織與主題有關(guān)的素材。2.寫好每段的主題句。文章各段落中都

6、要有總結(jié)性的主題句,通常把每段的首句作為段落的主題句。在理解提示含義后,就要抓住主題,草擬各段的主題句(首句)。首句寫得好不好直接影響全文。如果某一段的首句偏離提示要求,段落的擴展就會偏題,整篇文章的扣題性和連貫性就會受到影響。另外,寫首句時要注意句意完整,不可將提示中的詞組或短語直接作為首句。3.注意段落間的連貫性。每一段往往各有一定的獨立意義,但是,段落之間有著不可分割的聯(lián)系。行文時要考慮文章的整體性,各段之間要注意銜接,所以要注意用一些過渡詞和過渡句,以確保文章結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),行文流暢。4.要避免中式英語。中文提示并不意味著要用中文打草稿,然后漢譯英。中文提示能使人較容易抓住關(guān)鍵點。一旦理解了

7、主題,就應(yīng)該做到用英語思考,使表達(dá)符合英語習(xí)慣。Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing to apply for the position as a tutor which you advertised in yesterdays Hainan Daily.I am Li Hua, a 20-year-old college student. Above all, I am an outstanding student and good at all senior subjects. In addition, I am fluent in speaking English

8、. Last but not least, I am outgoing and get along well with my classmates.I would be very grateful if you could offer me the job. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 3求職信的內(nèi)容(1)說明應(yīng)聘原因：應(yīng)聘的原因應(yīng)該直截了當(dāng)?shù)卦谛诺拈_始就提出來。說明應(yīng)聘原因可以用到如下句式：I learned from the newspaper/sb.that your company wanted

9、 to hire.I was told that.I have just read in the newspaper that.I am writing to inquire opportunities for.(2)介紹個人簡歷和說明自己的優(yōu)勢。下面句式比較常用：Now Id like to introduce myself to you.My name is.Im.years old.Im.cm tall.I graduated from.University in 2003.I like swimming，singing and dancing in my spare time.I wo

10、rk hard and I can get along well with others.Im good at English and especially my spoken English is very good.I can understand Japanese and I can talk to foreigners in Japanese freely.(3)表示感謝，請求答復(fù)并給與聯(lián)系方式。如下句式可作參考：Thank you very much.Thank you for your consideration of my application.If you agree wit

11、h me，Ill work hard and try to be a.1. 我是李華, 2010年畢業(yè)于芒市第一中學(xué).My name is Li Hua and I _ Mangshi No.1 high School in 2010.2. 我精通電腦技能；此外，我的英語說得很流利。I have _ of computer skills. _ ， I am _ English.模板句式Dear_，I have just read in the newspaper that_.I am therefore writing to you_.I am_.My name is_and I am stu

12、dying_.I can_.As for a second language，I can_.I have some working experience as_.I am sure Ill_.You can_.I can visit your office at any time for a talk or test.With best wishes.Faithfully，Li Hua 道歉信 Dear Anne, Thank you for your invitation to dinner at your home tomorrow evening. Unfortunately, it i

13、s much to my regret that I cannot join you and your family, because I will be fully occupied then for an important exam coming the day after tomorrow. I feel terribly sorry for missing the chance of such a happy get-together, and I hope that all of you enjoy a good time. Is it possible for you and m

14、e to have a private meeting afterward? If so, please don't hesitate to drop me a line about your preferable date. I do long for a pleasant chat with you. Please allow me to say sorry again. yours, Li Hua第一段:簡明說明寫信目的，為自己的過失表示歉意，希望得到對方的諒解。道歉的表達(dá)：I feel sorry for my failure to I am awfully sorry tha

15、t I cannot I am very sorry for my rudeness/thoughtlessness / bad manners. I am writing to express my sincere apology for my I regret to inform you that I am unable to I feel guilty for what I have done to you.第二段：詳細(xì)說明當(dāng)時情況，解釋原因，語氣要誠懇。1. Now let me explain what happened to me that day.2. I had intende

16、d to 3. I am afraid what I have done has caused much inconvenience to you.4. I am to blame for this silly mistake.5.Please forgive me for a stupid choice of words.6.I feel awfully sorry about it and want you to know what happened. 第三段：提出補救方法，具體提出自己的想法，希望能彌補過失，消除誤會。1. In order to remove our misunders

17、tanding, I would like to invite .2. To make up for my fault, I will,3. To compensate for your loss, I decide to .4. I wish you could give me a chance to make up for my fault.5. I hope the settlement of this matter can meet your wishes.第四段：再次表示歉意，愿意為此負(fù)責(zé)，希望以后不再出現(xiàn)類似不愉快事件。1. Please accept my most cordia

18、l apology again.2. I promise that I will never make such a stupid mistake again.3. I assure you that it will never happen again.4.I sincerely hope you can understand my situation/think in my position and accept my apologies.5.Once again, I'm sorry for any inconvenience caused/you have sustained.

19、道歉信模板一Dear Bob, I am truly sorry that _（道歉的原因）. The reason is that_（介紹的原因）.Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation. Yours sincerely, Li Hua道歉信模板二Dear Bob, I am excessively sorry to say/tell you that _（道歉的是由）.Now, I am writing

20、you this letter of apology to show my deep regret. Please accept my sincere apology. I hope you will understand me and excuse me for _（請求對方原諒的事由）. The reason for my delay/absence was that _（過失的原因）. I had no way out because _（自己當(dāng)時的外境和情況）.Therefore, its not in my power to _（過失導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果）. Naturally, I want

21、 to suggest_（建議下次實現(xiàn)愿望）. Yours sincerely,Li Hua 假設(shè)你是李華，你國際學(xué)校的朋友Paul邀請你下個星期天去他們學(xué)校參加文化交流活動并介紹中國傳統(tǒng)繪畫，但是你爺爺生病住院，不得不謝絕他的邀請。請根據(jù)下面的要點給Paul用英語寫一封信。 要點：1.謝絕Paul的邀請 2.說明你的理由 3.推薦你的同學(xué)Anna參加 注意：1.字?jǐn)?shù)100左右 2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，讓行文連貫 3.開頭，結(jié)尾已給出（不計入你所寫字?jǐn)?shù)）Ps:介紹中國傳統(tǒng)繪畫：introduce traditional Chinese paintingDear Paul, Thank you v

22、ery much for your invitation. _ _ Dear Paul, Thank you very much for your invitation. I would love to accept it and take this opportunity to introduce traditional Chinese painting to foreign friends, but I am sorry to inform you that I cant. My grandpa is seriously ill in hospital and I have to atte

23、nd him. As for the introduction speech, I strongly recommend my friend Anna, who is the most suitable choice to take my place next Sunday. She began to learn painting at an early age and has a good knowledge of traditional Chinese painting ,which, combined with her active personality and perfect spo

24、ken English, will help make your activity a success. Sorry again for any inconvenience caused by my absence and all the best wishes to you. Yours sincerely, Li HuaDear Paul, Thank you very much for your invitation. From your letter, I know that you want me to introduce traditional Chinese painting.

25、I really want to accept it from the bottom of my heart, but I am terribly sorry to tell you that I cant. My grandpa has been ill in hospital these days. On account of this, I have to go to the hospital to attend to him. As for the introduction speech, I strongly recommend that my classmate Anna shou

26、ld take the place to make it. As an excellent student, Anna has a good knowledge of traditional Chinese painting. What is more, she can speak fluent English, which makes it possible for to receive many prizes in different speech. Therefore, I believe that she is equal to the job and you will be sati

27、sfied with her. Sorry again for my absence and I hope you can succeed in holding the activity. Yours sincerely, Li Hua閱讀理解一、考點分析：1.閱讀理解旨在考查考生理解不同題材和體裁的書面材料以及從中獲取信息的能力。2.要求考生能讀懂有關(guān)日常生活的簡短文字材料,例如公告、說明、廣告以及書、報紙、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文段。3.考生應(yīng)能:理解主旨要義;理解文中具體信息;根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義;做出判斷和推理;理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu);理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度。閱讀理解以考

28、查說明文、記敘文和應(yīng)用文居多,題材以個人經(jīng)歷、人物故事、介紹說明、社會文化、新聞廣告等為主,內(nèi)容更貼近生活、貼近時代;而在題型方面,會以細(xì)節(jié)推斷題為主。二、選項特點：1.正確選項的特點(1)對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換。把原文中的一些詞換成意義相近的詞,變成正確選項。 (2)詞性或者語態(tài)的變化。把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性,或者改變原文句子的語態(tài),給考生制造障礙。 (3)語言簡化。把原文中的復(fù)雜語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡化,變成正確選項。(4)正話反說。把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá),變成正確選項(適用于尋找錯誤選項的題目)。2.干擾項的特點(1)將原文內(nèi)容擴大或縮小。把原文中的限定詞去掉或替換掉,使該選項看似

29、正確,實際上卻是錯誤選項。 (2)把未然當(dāng)已然。改變文中某句話的時態(tài),如把將來時變成現(xiàn)在時,把未發(fā)生的事情當(dāng)成已發(fā)生的事情。 (3)無中生有。即選項內(nèi)容是根據(jù)主觀想象或推測得出的結(jié)論,而文中并未涉及。 (4)偷換概念。把原來做該事的"張三"換成"李四",而所述細(xì)節(jié)卻與原文一致,一不小心就會誤選。(5)文不對題。這類選項最不容易辨別,選項中的描述與原文完全一致,確實屬于原文中的一個細(xì)節(jié),這時要回到題干,看該選項是否能回答題干所提的問題。(6)符合常識,但不是文章內(nèi)容。(7)部分正確,部分錯誤。七選五：一、考點分析：1.文章以說明文為主,語篇模式較為固定:P

30、roblem(提出問題)Solution (提供解決方案)。2.文章題材較為固定:與學(xué)生的日常學(xué)習(xí)、生活密切相關(guān)。3.命題形式包括小標(biāo)題概括、段落主題句、過渡句、細(xì)節(jié)句等。對細(xì)節(jié)的考查是本題型的考查重點。二、題型特點:該類題型要求從短文后的七個選項中(多數(shù)為完整的句子)選出五個能填入文章空處的最佳選項,主要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。該題型以說明文為主,間或出現(xiàn)記敘文和議論文。所選材料的詞數(shù)為300左右,選項詞數(shù)為6080。設(shè)空類型一般有標(biāo)題句類、中心句類和上下文銜接句類,備選項可分為主旨概括句(文章整體內(nèi)容)、過渡性句子(文章結(jié)構(gòu))和注釋性句子(上下文邏輯意

31、義)三類,其多余的兩個干擾項也往往從這三個方面進(jìn)行設(shè)置。干擾項的特點是內(nèi)容過于寬泛或以偏概全或偏離主題,過渡性句子不能反映文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu),注釋性句子與上文脫節(jié)等?？偟恼f來,試題難度適中,穩(wěn)中有變,突出考查考生的邏輯思維能力。三、解題步驟：1.通讀全文,掌握大意,初識廬山真面目注意文章的首段與末段,尤其是文章的首段末句及末段末句,因為"開門見山"與"結(jié)尾總結(jié)"的寫作方式較為常見,首段的末句一般是全文的主題所在,點出本文將探討的內(nèi)容,并簡要指出文章的寫作思路,有時甚至?xí)蕴峋V的形式進(jìn)行呈現(xiàn)。 2.詳讀段落,敲定關(guān)鍵詞,把握段落主旨文章正文部分通常分為若干小段落。各段落會根據(jù)整篇文章的寫作主題展開,對文章主體進(jìn)行不同方面的描述。找出各個小段落中的關(guān)鍵詞,明確其描述內(nèi)容,為解段落主旨類試題做好鋪墊。3.利用寫作線索、分析上下文語境,敲定選項在定