(吸收了眾多黑人音樂風格-拉格泰姆

1、Chapter 12 Early American Jazz I. jazz music (吸收了眾多黑人音樂風格拉格泰姆、布魯斯、進行曲甚至法國圓舞曲) （P270 1）- Early jazz music first appeared in the Southern city of New Orleans at the end of the 19th century. It was a blend of folk music, work chants（勞動號子）, spirituals（黑人圣歌）, marches（進行曲） and even European classical musi

2、c. A defining mark of this early New Orleans jazz was that a group of musicians improvising their notes in changing chords around a specific melodic line.（早期新奧爾良爵士樂風格的一大突出特點是，一組爵士樂師使用“集體即興法”，圍繞某一集體旋律使用不同和弦即興演奏出不同的音調(diào)。） All jazz bands use such instruments as a trumpet(喇叭,小號), a clarinet(豎笛, 單簧管, 黑管),

3、a trombone(長號), violin, and percussion(打擊樂器) instruments like the drum, banjo(班卓琴,五弦琴)，guitars, cymbal（鐃鈸náo bó）, bells(鐘琴), hollow wooden blocks（凹形的木塊）, chimes(鐵琴). Jazz developed into the 1920s with two different styles, namely, the Chicago style jazz and the New York style, each style h

4、aving its own foremost jazz musicians.*As a musical form, it initially performed and appreciated by African-Americans. It becomes generally accepted by people from all walks of life because 1) it appeals to the young and the rebellious 2) it became modified and softened for more sensitive “ears” (爵士

5、樂被廣為接受之后，這種音樂已被修改，并使其聽來更為溫和，以滿足那些過于 1/2 “挑剔”的聽眾的要求。)*wind instrument/band 管樂器/隊 stringed instrument弦樂器 （string band弦樂隊） percussion instrument/ band 打擊樂器/隊 II. Blues-Blues refers to a type of slow, sad music from the Southern U.S., from the city of New Orleans. The Blues is derived from a blend of fi

6、eld chantey （田間勞動號子）and spiritual（黑人圣歌）a form of hymn singing prevalent（流行的） in African-American Christian churches. The tradition of the vocal ballad （民謠演唱方式）, usually accompanied by a guitar, also contributed to the blues form. The music of the blue has a peculiar, poignant sadness. The lyrics(抒情歌

7、詞) of the blues pieces, are sardonic filled with wry（嘲弄的，諷刺的）, self-deprecating（自貶的）humor. III. Louis Armstrong（路易斯·阿姆斯特朗）-Born in New Orleans in 1901, Louis Armstrong learned to play the cornet (短號)since his childhood. After an apprenticeship in several bands in New Orleans, he joined a jazz o

8、rchestra in Chicago, where he set the style later identified as the Chicago style. In 1924, he went to New York where he was involved in small groups to record music. He organized two recording groups known as the Hot Five(“五人熱派”樂隊) and the Hot Seven（“七人熱派”樂隊） and made a series of recordings which r

9、eflected the Roaring(喧鬧的)Twenties life in Chicago. Armstrongs career as a jazz musician continued well into the 1930s and the 1940s with his motion picture appearances (在電影中出現(xiàn)). He is now remembered as Americas foremost jazz musician. IV. Ragtime Music（拉格泰姆音樂）Ragtime music refers to a type of piano

10、music of black U.S. origin, popular in the 1920s. Originally based on tunes for marching bands, ragtime music is marked by a syncopated melodic line with a regular accented bass.（其主要特點是彈奏主旋律時大量使用切分法，賦予音樂一種很強的節(jié)奏韻味） During the course of music, the beat pattern frequently shifts from 2/4 to 3/4. Ragtim

11、e music has been popularized by such composers as Scott Joplin whose “Maple Leaf Rag” (楓葉拉格泰姆)published in 1896 was hailed as the first popular ragtime tune, still listened to with pleasure by all jazz fans. V. Earl Hines （海恩斯伯爵） -U.S foremost jazz pianist. Born in Pittsburgh(匹茲堡（美國的鋼鐵工業(yè)中心）), Pennsy

12、lvania, Earl Hines joined Louis Armstrong in 1927 and became his long lasting collaborator. Hines was musically inventive in the sense that he had developed a trumpet style of playing the piano. In 1928, he recorded his solo “A Monday Date”, which exhibits an inventiveness that was years ahead of ti

13、me. During the 1920s in Chicago, Hines also led his own jazz band, and strongly influenced many other jazz pianists. VI.Boogie Woogie(布基伍基樂曲)-Boogie woogie refers to a piano music style in jazz music, which emerged in Chicago in the late 1920s and 1930s. Boogie woogie acquired its name with the “Pine Tops Boogie” in 1928. It has a distinctive rocking bass（低音） figure. However, it was Jimmy Yancey who standardized the style to a 12 bar（分節(jié)）blues melodic line（主旋律） with 8 beats to the bar.（吉米·楊瑟把將這種風格規(guī)范化，將主旋律定為每行12小節(jié)，每小節(jié)8拍）. Like ragtime, boo