九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句

1、定語(yǔ)從句的牛鼻子定語(yǔ)從句的牛鼻子王光煊王光煊 英語(yǔ)中，將在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾主句中的某名詞或代詞的從句叫作定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞，通常放在定語(yǔ)從句之前。 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞（也叫關(guān)聯(lián)詞）可以是關(guān)系代詞（如that, which, who, whom,whose等）或者關(guān)系副詞（如when, where, why等）。 引導(dǎo)詞通常位于先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間，它既起聯(lián)系作用，又充當(dāng)從句中的某個(gè)句子成分。 定語(yǔ)從句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是： 先行詞先行詞 + 引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞 + 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句。 定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句兩大類別： 限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞必不可少的定語(yǔ)，與

2、主句關(guān)系十分密切，如果被刪去，則主句的意義就不完整甚至失去意義，書寫時(shí)主從句之間不可用逗號(hào)分開。 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞附加的文字說(shuō)明作用，與主句關(guān)系不是很密切，如果被刪去，也并不影響逐句的意思和完整性，書寫時(shí)主從句之間往往用逗號(hào)分開。 定語(yǔ)從句這個(gè)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目中，最復(fù)雜也是最關(guān)鍵的知識(shí)就屬關(guān)聯(lián)詞了。 要掌握好定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞的用法，我們必須從下面的這些方面入手。一、判斷定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的一般規(guī)律：一、判斷定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的一般規(guī)律：1、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系代詞1）that既可用來(lái)指代人也可用來(lái)指代事物，在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。例如： Whos the boy that is reading a boo

3、k? 正在看書的這個(gè)男孩是誰(shuí)？（指人，作主語(yǔ)） The man that you talked to is my uncle. 和你說(shuō)話的那個(gè)人是我叔叔。（指人，作賓語(yǔ)） The train that has just left is for Shanghai. 剛發(fā)車的這趟列車是去上海的。（指物，作主語(yǔ)） Can you show me the photo （that） you like best? 你能把你最喜歡的這張照片給我看看嗎？（指物，作賓語(yǔ)）2）whose既可用來(lái)指代人也可用來(lái)指代事物，在從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。例如： This is the girl whose math book is

4、 lost. 這就是丟了數(shù)學(xué)書的女孩。（指人，作定語(yǔ)） The house whose windows are closed is mine. 窗戶都關(guān)著的這棟房子就是我家。（指物，作定語(yǔ)）3）which用來(lái)指代事物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。例如： Look at the kites which are flying in the sky. 瞧瞧那些在空中飛舞的風(fēng)箏。（指物，作主語(yǔ)） The pen （which） Im using is pretty good. 我正在用的這支筆相當(dāng)好。（指物，作賓語(yǔ)）4）who用來(lái)指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。例如： Could you recognize t

5、he thief who stole your things? 你能認(rèn)出偷了你的東西的那個(gè)小偷嗎？（作主語(yǔ)） The man （who） you want to meet has come. 你要見的人來(lái)了。（作賓語(yǔ)）5）whom用來(lái)指人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。例如：Id like to make friends with the girl whom you are talking to.我想和與你說(shuō)話的這個(gè)女孩交朋友。（作介詞賓語(yǔ)）The man （whom） you want to meet has come.你要見的人來(lái)了。（作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)）2、關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞1）when表示時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作

6、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：Could you still remember the time when the train left? 你還記得列車發(fā)車的時(shí)間嗎？Ill never forget the date when I joined the League. 我絕不會(huì)忘記我入團(tuán)的日期。2）where表示地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如：Is this the shoe factory where your father works? 這是你父親工作的鞋廠嗎？Please show me the place where the accident happened. 請(qǐng)帶我到事故發(fā)生的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)去。3）why

7、表示原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞通常是reason一詞。例如：Do you know the reason why he was late for school? 你知道他上學(xué)遲到的原因嗎？Please tell me the reason why you wont come. 請(qǐng)告訴我你不能來(lái)的原因。二、關(guān)系代詞可不可省略的問題二、關(guān)系代詞可不可省略的問題1、who，whom，that，which在從句中作 賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往被省略，尤其是在口語(yǔ)和 非正式文體中。2、關(guān)系代詞who，whom，that，which在 從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不可省。3、關(guān)系代詞who，that，which在從

8、句中 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不可省。4、關(guān)系代詞whose在任何情況下都不能省略。三、只能用that作引導(dǎo)詞的定語(yǔ)從句 1、先行詞指物時(shí)，只能用、先行詞指物時(shí)，只能用that作引導(dǎo)詞的定語(yǔ)從句：作引導(dǎo)詞的定語(yǔ)從句：2）先行詞前有all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修飾時(shí)。例如：There is little work that is fit for you. 沒什么工作適合你做。I have eaten all the food that is left. 我把剩下的所有食物都吃了。 1）先行詞是指物的all, little, few, much, any, an

9、ything, something，everything,nothing, none, the one時(shí)。例如： All that I can do has been done. 我能做的都已經(jīng)做了。 He wont tell you anything that he has heard about it. 他不會(huì)告訴你他所聽到的有關(guān)它的任何情況。3）先行詞時(shí)what或which時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)，多用that引導(dǎo)。例如：Which is the house that caught fire yesterday? 昨天失火的是那座房子？4）先行詞是there be 句型中的主語(yǔ)，且指物時(shí)。例如：

10、There are some apples on the table that are nice and sweet.桌子上有些非常甜的蘋果。5）先行詞作主句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)。例如：Its a book that will help you a lot. 這是一本對(duì)你有很大幫助的書。Its a sunny day that we are longing for. 這是我們所渴望的晴天。2、先行詞指人時(shí)，只能用that作引導(dǎo)詞的定語(yǔ)從句：主句是以who開頭的特殊問句時(shí)。例如：Whos the man that the teacher is talking to? 和老師談話的這個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？3、不管先行詞指

11、人還是指物，都只能用引導(dǎo)詞that的定語(yǔ)從句：1）先行詞是數(shù)詞時(shí)。例如：-I have two smart birds.我養(yǎng)了兩只可愛的鳥。-Are they the two that you bought last week? 是你上星期買的這兩只嗎？2）先行詞被序數(shù)詞以及l(fā)ast, next等修飾時(shí)。例如：Its the last bus that you can catch. 這是你可以趕上的末班車。He stopped the fourth thief who was running away. 他把準(zhǔn)備逃跑的第四個(gè)小偷攔截下來(lái)了。3）先行詞是名詞化的最高級(jí)形容詞，或者先行詞被最高級(jí)形

12、容詞修飾時(shí)。例如：You can choose the best that you think. 你可以挑選你認(rèn)為是最好的。This is the best film that I have seen. 這是我看過的最好的影片。Hes the finest men that I have ever worked with.他是我共事過的最好的人。4）先行詞被the only, the very，the last, the just, the same 等修飾時(shí)。例如：Youve the only person that I met here. 你是我在這兒遇見的唯一的一個(gè)人。This is t

13、he very shirt that I am looking for. 這正是我一直在尋找的襯衫。5）引導(dǎo)詞為從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)。例如：Shes not the girl that she used to be. 她不再是過去的她了。6）先行詞同時(shí)包括人和物時(shí)。例如：We often talk about the people and the things that we are interested in. 我們常常談?wù)撐覀兏信d趣的人和事。四、先行詞指物時(shí)，只能用四、先行詞指物時(shí)，只能用which作引導(dǎo)詞的定語(yǔ)從句：作引導(dǎo)詞的定語(yǔ)從句：1、引導(dǎo)先行詞為事物的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例如：My dog

14、 ,which is now very old, became ill yesterday.我家的狗昨天病了，它已經(jīng)非常老了。The pen, which writes very well, cost me RMB 20. 這支筆花了我20元，它非常好寫。2、關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。例如：This is the classroom in which we studied last year. 這是我們?nèi)ツ暝诶锩鎸W(xué)習(xí)的教室。Have you ever been to a farm on which there is a small zoo? 你曾經(jīng)到過有個(gè)小動(dòng)物園的農(nóng)場(chǎng)嗎？五、先行詞指人時(shí)，只能用五

15、、先行詞指人時(shí)，只能用who作作引導(dǎo)詞的定語(yǔ)從句：引導(dǎo)詞的定語(yǔ)從句： 1、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用who。例如： The boy who helped you is my younger brother. 幫你忙的那個(gè)男孩是我弟弟。 Is the woman who rides a red bike every day your aunt? 每天都騎著一輛紅色自行車那個(gè)女人是你姑姑嗎？ 2、先行詞為指人的all, one，ones，someone，anyone， everyone，no one等代詞時(shí)。例如：One who doesnt work hard will never get

16、 happiness. 不努力工作的人，永遠(yuǎn)得不到幸福。 Do you know anyone who can mend locks? 你認(rèn)識(shí)會(huì)修鎖的人嗎？ 3、先行詞是there be句型中的主語(yǔ)，且指人時(shí)。例如： There is a stranger who wants to see you. 有個(gè)陌生人想要見你。 Once there was king who was very silly. 從前，有個(gè)非常愚蠢的國(guó)王。4、在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。例如： His father, who was ill in hospital for a year, died yesterday. 他父親住

17、了一年的院，昨天過世了。 I know the woman very well，who often wears a red T-shirt. 我非常了解那個(gè)婦女，她經(jīng)常穿著一件紅體恤衫。5、在被分隔的定語(yǔ)從句中。例如： I know the woman very well who often wears a red T-shirt. 我對(duì)經(jīng)常穿著一件紅體恤衫那個(gè)婦女非常了解。 A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 教你們德語(yǔ)的新老師明天就會(huì)來(lái)。1. Jim dislikes people _ talk much

18、but never do anything.(09吉林通化) A. whomB. when C. whoseD. who2. I hate people _ talk much but do little.（09寧夏） A. whom B. whose C. which D. who3. Do you know the girl is from Canada?（09四川達(dá)州） Yes, her name is Helen. A. whom B. which C. whose D. who4. The young lady _ we met yesterday is our new math t

19、eacher.（09山東東營(yíng)） A. what B. whose C. who D. which5. Peter, there is someone in the office would like to speak with you.（09齊齊哈爾） A. who B. which C. whom 6. I like the teacher_classes are very interesting and creative.（09甘肅蘭州） A.which B.who C.what D.whose7. Ten months has passed,but Chinese people stil

20、l remember those exciting days _ they spent during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games Athat Bwho Cwhen輕松面對(duì)中考真題DDDCADA8. Do you know the boy _ is playing soccer there? (09恩施州) Certainly. He is a friend of my _. A. who; brothers B. who; brother C. whom; brothers D. whose; brother9. What should I do here？（

21、09湖北武漢） Just put all the things _they were. A.where B.when C.whose D.which10. What kind of music do you like？（09湖北仙桃） I like music _ has great lyrics A、that B、who C、whose D、what11. The skirt _ is made of silk is very expensive. I cant afford it. （09湖北孝感） A. what B. / C. that D. it 12. Is everything _ we need to do _?（09遼寧錦州） Yes. You neednt worry about it. A. which; has done B. which; doing C. that; has done D. that; done 13. This is the novel_ is written by Guo Jingming.（09山東德州） A. who B. what C. that D. / AAACDC 14. I dont know the