第十單元 否定的翻譯

1、第十單元 否定的翻譯TEXT我所追求的幸福在西方流傳著一句據(jù)說(shuō)是來(lái)自古老中國(guó)的諺語(yǔ)，只是我在中國(guó)從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)：“如果你想要幾小時(shí)的幸福，就去喝醉酒；如果你想要三年的幸福，就去結(jié)婚；如果你想要一輩子的幸福，就去做個(gè)園丁?！彼麄儗?duì)園丁能一輩子幸福的解釋是：“做有用的事，與自然融合1，對(duì)身體的鍛煉和每天都會(huì)有新的喜悅2。”第十單元否定的翻譯我看到過(guò)一份美國(guó)某大學(xué)對(duì)“幸?！钡难芯空n題報(bào)告，對(duì)幸福下的定義是：“主觀地感到適意的程度”，具體地說(shuō)是“對(duì)自己的生活感到有意義，滿意和舒適的一種積極的狀態(tài)”。這種感覺(jué)應(yīng)當(dāng)是有持續(xù)性的。許多人以為休閑是很大的幸福， 但調(diào)查顯示：大部分感到幸福的人是在工作中，是那些因工

2、作而特別忙碌的人而不是有太多休閑時(shí)間的人。幸福不意味著“得到我想要的東西”，而是“想要我們得到的東西” 3。人有時(shí)不珍惜自己已經(jīng)有的卻總?cè)ハ肽切┑貌坏降臇|西4。就像有些男人寧愿想象出5五十個(gè)夢(mèng)中情人而不和他身邊那一個(gè)女人實(shí)實(shí)在在地生活6。幸福是一種使兩者平衡的游戲：我們已有的和我們想要的，即愿意和可能性之間的。最后他們得出的結(jié)論：“幸福的人是一個(gè)有遠(yuǎn)大目標(biāo)同時(shí)不忘記自己是生活在現(xiàn)在的人；一個(gè)選擇7對(duì)自己的才能和可能性有挑戰(zhàn)的人；一個(gè)對(duì)自己的成績(jī)和社會(huì)承認(rèn)感到驕傲的人；一個(gè)自尊、自愛(ài)、自由和自信的人8；一個(gè)有社會(huì)交往也能享受人際關(guān)系的人；一個(gè)樂(lè)于助人并接受幫助的人9；一個(gè)知道自己能承受痛苦和挫折

3、的人；一個(gè)能從日常生活小事上感到樂(lè)趣的人；一個(gè)有愛(ài)的能力的人?！笨吹竭@些，我真覺(jué)得我很接近于一個(gè)幸福的人了。WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS1. 諺語(yǔ)proverb2. 據(jù)說(shuō)allegedly3. 自尊self-respect4. 珍惜cherish5. 融合 identify6. 可能性potentiality7. 挫折frustrationDIFFICULT POINT EXPLANATION1. “做有用的事”采用融合譯法(即意譯法)來(lái)使句子的含義更加清晰?！白鲇杏玫氖隆?，當(dāng)然是指做園丁是有意義的事，與“自然融合”,也是指做園丁是與自然的融合。所以,這兩句用“not only.

4、(but also).”來(lái)連接較合適。2. “對(duì)身體的鍛煉和每天都會(huì)有新的喜悅?！币膊捎萌诤戏ㄗg：it.brings you new joy each day besides improving your health。3. “幸福不意味著得到我想要的東西，而是想要我們得到的東西”?！耙馕吨庇胹pell一詞?！暗玫轿蚁胍臇|西”譯為gains one is after。gains 是名詞，是說(shuō)話者要講的重點(diǎn)，而one is after 是定語(yǔ)部分?！跋胍覀兊玫降臇|西”譯為a desire to harvest what one is seeking for。desire 是名詞，也是說(shuō)話者

5、要講的重點(diǎn)。而to harvest what one is seeking for 是不定式作定語(yǔ)。4. “人有時(shí)不珍惜自己已經(jīng)有的卻總?cè)ハ肽切┑貌坏降臇|西”。想得到 / 渴求：yearn for sth.。5. “像有些男人寧愿想象出五十個(gè)夢(mèng)中情人而不和他身邊那一個(gè)女人實(shí)實(shí)在在地生活。”其中“想象出”不能簡(jiǎn)單地翻譯字面意思。它的實(shí)際含義是 “沉迷于”，因此用indulge in sth.來(lái)翻譯更為合適。在這句中的五十個(gè)，不是具體的數(shù)字，而是指數(shù)量上的眾多。6. “不和他身邊那一個(gè)女人實(shí)實(shí)在在地生活”中用reluctant 表示“不情愿”，用settle down表示“實(shí)實(shí)在在地生活”。7.

6、“選擇”一詞可以不翻譯，在定語(yǔ)從句中加上一個(gè)合適的動(dòng)詞tap，與才能和可能性進(jìn)行搭配。8. “一個(gè)自尊、自愛(ài)、自由和自信的人”這四個(gè)詞在漢語(yǔ)中是對(duì)稱的。英譯時(shí)也應(yīng)當(dāng)盡量照顧一下對(duì)稱的形式，用到兩個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)和兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)強(qiáng)化對(duì)稱的形式，因此翻譯為“self-respect and self-confidence; treasures his identity and loves freedom.”比較適當(dāng)。9. “一個(gè)樂(lè)于助人并接受幫助的人”也是一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。be ready to do sth.的意思是 “樂(lè)于做某事”。我們也可以將其譯成“be happy to help others

7、 and accept others help”。REFERENCE VERSIONTHE HAPPINESS I AIM ATA proverb allegedly from ancient China was widely spread in the West but I had never heard it when I was in China.“If you want to be happy for a few hours, go to get drunk; if you want the happiness to last three years, get married; if

8、you want a lifetime happiness, take up gardening.”The reason for the last option is this: Gardening is not only useful, it helps you to identify yourself with nature, and thus brings you new joy each day besides improving your health.A research of a US university that Ive read gives a definition of

9、happiness as what makes a person feel comfortably pleased. To put it specifically, happiness is an active state of mind where one thinks ones life is meaningful, satisfactory and comfortable. This should be something lasting rather than transitory.Lots of people regard it the happiest to be at leisu

10、re. But according to a study, it is not a person with plenty of leisure but one at work that feels happy, especially those busy with work having little time for leisure. Happiness does not spell gains one is after but a desire to harvest what one is seeking for. People often do not cherish what they

11、 already have but yearn for what they cant get. That is somewhat like a man indulging in fond dreams of numerous lovers while reluctant to settle down with the woman beside him.Happiness is a game balancing between two ends what one has and what one wishes for, i.e. ones dream and the possibility to

12、 realize it. The study comes to this conclusion: A happy man is one who aims high but never forgets his actual situation; one who meets challenges that tap his ability and potentiality; one who is proud of his achievements and the recognition given to him. He has self-respect and self-confidence; tr

13、easures his identity and loves freedom. He is sociable and enjoys wide-range communication with others; he is helpful and ready to accept assistance. He knows he is able to endure sufferings and frustrations; he is sensible enough to get fun from daily chores. He is a man capable of love and passion

14、.Reading about these I really think that I am quite near being such a person.TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES否定的翻譯各種語(yǔ)言都有各自不同的表達(dá)肯定和否定的方式。單從思維邏輯概念來(lái)說(shuō)，中國(guó)人和西方人有相似的否定思維方式。在翻譯的過(guò)程中，我們可以直接把漢語(yǔ)的否定形式譯成英語(yǔ)的否定形式。例如：“你明天不去上課嗎？” 譯成：“Are you not going to attend class tomorrow？”但是，英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在表達(dá)肯定和否定的方式上是有明顯區(qū)別的。漢語(yǔ)中的否定概念通過(guò)詞匯手段表達(dá)，否定句帶

15、有否定字詞的標(biāo)記。如：“不、無(wú)、非、沒(méi)、莫、勿、未、否”等， 以及由這些字組成的詞語(yǔ)， 如：“毫無(wú)、根本沒(méi)有、否則、決不、沒(méi)有、未嘗?！钡取Ａ硗?，還有表示部分否定的詞語(yǔ)，如：“并非所有的都，幾乎沒(méi)有，不是每個(gè)都，不總是，幾乎不，不怎么”，以及表示雙重否定的詞語(yǔ)：“非不 ，非莫，不沒(méi)有”等。英語(yǔ)中表達(dá)否定概念通常有三種手段。一是借助詞匯表達(dá)否定。英語(yǔ)借助no, not, never, nor, neither 等否定詞，和具有否定意義的詞語(yǔ)：hardly, rarely, seldom, barely, scarcely, narrowly, few, little等帶有半否定意義的副詞；fai

16、l, deny, defy, miss lack, ignore, refuse, neglect, overlook, exclude, withhold, prevent(from)等帶有否定意義的動(dòng)詞；unless, until, rather than, or等帶有否定意義的連詞；but, without, above, except, beyond, instead of, in place of, out of, anything but, in vain等帶有否定意義的介詞；far from, free from, safe from, missing, ignorant等帶有否

17、定意義的形容詞；以及由no-, non-, dis-, in-, un-, im-, -less等含有否定意義的前綴和后綴組成的詞語(yǔ)。二是借助結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)方式表達(dá)否定。英語(yǔ)還運(yùn)用比較結(jié)構(gòu) more.than., other than., rather than., would rather than., know better than., too.to., too.for.等來(lái)表達(dá)否定。在這類結(jié)構(gòu)中,連詞than引出意義否定的部份。例如:·部隊(duì)寧可繞道走,也不踩莊稼。The troops would rather take a roundabout way than tread on

18、 the crops.·他年齡太小，不能照顧自己。He is too young to take care of himself.還有由連詞if 引起的表示詛咒、發(fā)誓、感嘆的句型也能表達(dá)否定的含義。例如：·他說(shuō)他要放手就不是人。He said hed be damned if hed stop.由此可見(jiàn)，由于漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)在表達(dá)否定概念的方法上的差別，決定我們?cè)跐h譯英的過(guò)程中要根據(jù)不同的情況采取適當(dāng)?shù)姆g方法，盡量使譯文準(zhǔn)確、地道、易懂。通常采取以下幾種常見(jiàn)的翻譯方法：一、將漢語(yǔ)的否定句譯成英語(yǔ)的否定句· 天都這么晚了，我看她不會(huì)來(lái)了。It is so late.I

19、do not think she will come.· 房子盡管富麗堂皇，但是住起來(lái)一點(diǎn)也不舒服。With all its magnificence, the house is not at all comfortable to live in.· 我們決不辜負(fù)全國(guó)人民對(duì)我們的殷切希望。We will never betray the trust of the people of our country.· 如果沒(méi)有摩擦，運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)停止。A moving object would never come to a stop if there were no

20、 friction.· 二氧化碳不能燃燒，也不能助燃。Carbon dioxide does not burn, nor does it support burn.· 不懂的事，不要怕問(wèn)。Dont be above asking about things you dont understand.二、將漢語(yǔ)的否定句譯成英語(yǔ)的肯定句· 俗話說(shuō)，“男兒有淚不輕彈，皆因未到傷心處”嘛。As the saying goes, “Men only weep when deeply hurt.” · 他決不會(huì)說(shuō)出這樣的話。He was the last man to

21、say such things.· 那位老人能在大風(fēng)大浪中不停地游泳達(dá)三個(gè)小時(shí)以上。The old man could swim continuously in great storms for more than three hours.· 不錯(cuò)，你有天賦，可是天賦就象深藏在巖石底下的寶石，沒(méi)有艱苦的發(fā)掘，精心地雕琢，他自己是不會(huì)發(fā)出光彩來(lái)的。Of course you have gifts, but gifts are like deeply buried precious stones that need to be laboriously dug out and p

22、olished until they sparkle.· 世有伯樂(lè)，然后有千里馬。千里馬常有，而伯樂(lè)不常有。Only after Bole came into the world were there horses able to gallop one thousand li.Such horses are common, but a Bole is rare.三、將漢語(yǔ)的肯定句譯成英語(yǔ)的否定句· 完全同意。I couldnt agree more.· 這些細(xì)菌要在溫度達(dá)到一百攝氏度時(shí)才會(huì)死亡。These bacteria will not die until t

23、he temperature reaches 100°C.· 自然界中的作用力,必定要牽涉到兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的物體。There is never a force acting in nature unless two or more bodies are involved.· 智者千慮，必有一失。Even the wise are not always free from errors.· 所有機(jī)器在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)都要損失能量。There is no machine but will lose energy when in motion.四、將漢語(yǔ)的雙重否定句譯成

24、英語(yǔ)的雙重否定句· 沒(méi)有足夠的加速度，地球衛(wèi)星是不能進(jìn)入太空的。The earth satellite would not get into space without enough acceleration.· 沒(méi)有科學(xué)技術(shù)知識(shí)要建設(shè)社會(huì)主義是不可能的。Without knowledge of science and technology it is impossible to build socialism.· 我想：希望本無(wú)所謂有，無(wú)所謂無(wú)。I thought: hope cannot be said to exist, nor can it be said

25、 not to exist.· 不看秦始皇兵馬俑，不算真正到過(guò)中國(guó)。A traveler who has not seen the Qin Dynasty terra-cotta figures cannot claim to have visited China.· 子曰：不患人之不己知，患不知人也。The Master said: (the good man) does not grieve that other people do not recognize his merits.His only anxiety is lest he should fail to r

26、ecognize theirs.EXERCISES. USEFUL TERM TRANSLATION 1. 春節(jié) 2. 農(nóng)歷 3. 正月 4. 除夕 5. 初一 6. 元宵節(jié) 7. 過(guò)年 8. 對(duì)聯(lián) 9. 春聯(lián) 10. 剪紙11. 年畫(huà) 12. 買年貨 13. 敬酒 14. 燈籠 15. 煙花16. 爆竹 17. 紅包 18. 舞獅 19. 舞龍 20. 戲曲 21. 雜耍 22. 燈謎 23. 祝你新的一年快樂(lè)幸福24. 守歲25. 拜年 26. 禁忌27. 去晦氣 28. 祭祖宗 29. 壓歲錢 30. 辭舊歲 31. 掃房 32. 燈會(huì)33. 什錦糖34. 年糕 35. 團(tuán)圓飯 36.

27、年夜飯 37. 餃子 38. 湯圓 39. 八寶飯 40. 事業(yè)成功，家庭美滿 . SENTENCE TRANSLATIONA1. 在西方流傳著一句據(jù)說(shuō)是來(lái)自古老中國(guó)的諺語(yǔ)。2. 如果你想要幾小時(shí)的幸福，就去喝醉酒；如果你想要三年的幸福，就去結(jié)婚；如果你想要一輩子的幸福，就去做個(gè)園丁。3. 我看到過(guò)一份美國(guó)某大學(xué)對(duì)“幸?！钡难芯空n題報(bào)告，對(duì)幸福下的定義是：“主觀地感到適意的程度”。4. 這種感覺(jué)應(yīng)當(dāng)是有持續(xù)性的。5. 許多人以為休閑是很大的幸福。6. 但調(diào)查顯示：大部分感到幸福的人是在工作中，是那些因工作而特別忙碌的人而不是有太多休閑時(shí)間的人。7. 幸福不意味著“得到我想要的東西”，而是“想要

28、我們得到的東西”。8. 幸福是一種使兩者平衡的游戲。9. 幸福的人是一個(gè)有遠(yuǎn)大目標(biāo)同時(shí)不忘記自己是生活在現(xiàn)在的人。10. 看到這些，我真覺(jué)得我很接近于一個(gè)幸福的人了。B1. 他窮得養(yǎng)不起老婆。2. 動(dòng)物沒(méi)有水不能生存，植物沒(méi)有水也不能生長(zhǎng)。3. 我很高興看到你安然無(wú)恙。4. 他只顧自己，不顧別人，使得大家都很生氣。5. 返回祖國(guó)的念頭始終縈繞在他們的心中。6. 這些昆蟲(chóng)太小，不用放大鏡就看不見(jiàn)。7. 只要他在國(guó)內(nèi)，他不會(huì)不來(lái)開(kāi)會(huì)的。8. 失敗并未減弱我們的決心，反而大大增強(qiáng)了我們的決心。9. 一滴水只有放進(jìn)大海里才能永遠(yuǎn)不干，一個(gè)人只有當(dāng)他把自己和集體事業(yè)融合在一起的時(shí)候才能有力量。10. 既

29、然如此，看來(lái)這項(xiàng)工程項(xiàng)目不進(jìn)行下去是不行的。 . PASSAGE TRANSLATION有些人很會(huì)妝扮，但內(nèi)心空無(wú)一物，你不會(huì)覺(jué)得他美麗。有些人長(zhǎng)著一張精致的臉，卻長(zhǎng)著一顆自私的心，你也不會(huì)覺(jué)得他美麗。有些人外表很樸素，但知道如何關(guān)心別人，你覺(jué)得誠(chéng)懇的眼睛很迷人。有些人其實(shí)并不好看，卻很愛(ài)護(hù)小孩與小動(dòng)物，你覺(jué)得他善良的心地很動(dòng)人。美麗，是發(fā)自內(nèi)心的光華，不會(huì)隨著歲月的流失而流失，只會(huì)隨著智能的增長(zhǎng)而增長(zhǎng)。美麗很簡(jiǎn)單，就是讓自己舒服，也讓別人舒服。TRANSLATION APPRECIATIONA1. 生于憂患，死于安樂(lè)。Life springs from sorrow and calamity

30、, and death from ease and pleasure.2. 人各有所好。Every man has his likes and dislikes.3. 寧為雞頭，不為鳳尾。Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse.4. 風(fēng)水輪流轉(zhuǎn)。Fortune knocks once at least at every mans door /gate.5. 人貴有自知之明。To know oneself is true progress.6. 說(shuō)得容易，做得難。Easier said than done.7. 天無(wú)絕人之路。T

31、here is always a way out. / Heaven never seals off all exits.8. 人為其能為，神為所欲為。Man does what he can, and God what He will.9. 失敗是成功之母。Failure is the mother of success.10. 樹(shù)倒猢猻散。Once the tree falls, the monkeys on it will scatter.11. 兩人智慧勝一人。Two heads are better than one.12. 一閑生百病。Lack of work brings a t

32、housand diseases.13. 日久見(jiàn)人心。It takes time to know a person. / Time reveals a persons heart.14. 肉包子打狗，一去不復(fù)返。A dog given a bone doesnt come back for more.15. 學(xué)富五車勝于萬(wàn)貫家財(cái)。Learning is better than house and land.16. 說(shuō)一遍，不如做一遍。身教勝于言教。Example is better than precept.17. 若要人不知，除非己莫為。Dont do it if you dont want

33、 others to know about it. / What is done by night appears by day.18. 三百六十行，行行出狀元。There are three hundred and sixty trades, and every trade has its master.19. 無(wú)私者無(wú)畏。The best hearts are always the bravest.20. 三個(gè)臭皮匠，頂個(gè)諸葛亮。Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang, the master mind.B1. 不忍心 not have the heart (to do)如果我是你，我可不忍心把孩子留在家里沒(méi)人照看。If I were you, I would