高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision課件

1、高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞主要表示現(xiàn)在分詞主要表示正在進(jìn)行正在進(jìn)行或或主動主動的意思，過去的意思，過去分詞則表示分詞則表示已經(jīng)完成已經(jīng)完成或或被動被動的意思。的意思。falling flowers( ( 正在凋落的花朵）正在凋落的花朵）fallen flowers( (已經(jīng)凋落的花朵）已經(jīng)凋落的花朵）Taking a dictionary, she began to prepare her lessons. Taken separately, the problems are not difficult to sol

2、ve.（主動）（主動）（被動）（被動）高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision分詞：分詞：英語中分詞有兩種：英語中分詞有兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞和和過去分過去分詞詞。分詞在句中可以充當(dāng)。分詞在句中可以充當(dāng)表語表語，定語定語，狀語狀語和和賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語。高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevisionHearing the bell, the students went into the classroom. 2) As soon as the students heard the bell, they went into the classroom. 1.時間狀語時間狀語1) While

3、we were working in the factory, we learned a lot from the workers。( (同時發(fā)生同時發(fā)生) )Working in the factory, we learned a lot （幾乎同時發(fā)生）（幾乎同時發(fā)生）3) When asked by the teacher, she was at a loss. 高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision2.原因狀語原因狀語 Being ill, he stayed at home.1. As he was ill, he stayed at home.Not knowing she

4、was the mayor, the guard didnt let her in.2. As the guard didnt know she was the mayor, he didnt let her in.（同時發(fā)生（同時發(fā)生, ,不可用不可用not having known）3. Deeply moved by the story, the girl couldnt help crying. 高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision 3. 條件狀語條件狀語 Taking this medicine, you will recover soon.1. If you take th

5、is medicine, you will recover soon. 2. Unless invited, he wont attend the party.高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision4. .伴隨狀語伴隨狀語 1. She sat in a sofa, watching TV.(She sat in a sofa and watched TV).He stood there, crying.The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students.He entered the hall, surpr

6、ised.高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevisionThey come running into the room. 5. 5.方式狀語方式狀語 He stood leaning against the wall.高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision6. 6. 讓步狀語讓步狀語Although she believed that her son would come back, she never saw him in the end.Believing that her son would come back, she never saw him in the end.Althou

7、gh first published hundreds of years ago, his novels are still popular with people all over the world.高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision7. 7. 結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語He died all of a sudden, leaving his novel unfinished.The war ended, reaching no result.He returned home, tired out.高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevisionNote: Note: 分詞作狀語，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，有

8、時在分詞作狀語，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，有時在保留保留while , when, if, unless, though 等等 When/While looking through the paper,I noticed a few mistakes.Unless invited, he wont attend the party. 高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevisionParticiple (phrases) used as predicative分詞做表語高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevisionThe windows in the house are broken.The result was

9、surprising.They were surprised at the result.現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語所具有的特征,令人興奮的(如exciting 令人興奮的)，過去分詞則表示所處的狀態(tài)(如excited 興奮的)。高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision 比較： interesting 有趣的 interested 感到興趣的 exciting 令人興奮的 excited 感到興奮 shocking 令人震驚 shocked 感到震驚 disappointing 令人失望disappointed感到失望puzzling 令人疑惑puzzled 感到疑惑高二復(fù)習(xí)participlere

10、visionParticiples as attribute分詞做定語分詞做定語高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision后置定語：后置定語：分詞分詞( (短語）需要后置的情況：短語）需要后置的情況：a)a)分詞短分詞短語作定語語作定語 b)b)被修飾詞是不定代詞。被修飾詞是不定代詞。The book written by him is very interesting.Most of the students standing there are from our class.There is nothing exciting in his book.He is one of those

11、invited.高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision 1. Tell the children not to make so much noise.2. Did you see the man ?3. They lived in a room . 4. The house was built in 1955. 5. Is this the book ? 6. The meeting is very important.7. He is a man . 8. I hate to see letters . 高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision Do you know the la

12、dy who is standing outside the school gate? They lived in a room which . 3. Is this the book which has been ? 4. The meeting which was is very important. 高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision Do you know the lady (who is) standing outside the school gate? They lived in a room facing . They lived in a room which fa

13、ced south. 3. Is this the book (which has been) ? 4. The meeting (which was) is very important. 高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevisionParticiple (phrases) used as object complement分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語一般用于下列動詞：分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語一般用于下列動詞：1. 1.感官動詞感官動詞: :see, hear, feel, notice, find, watch2. 2.使役動詞使役動詞: : mak

14、e, have, get, keep, leave, I heard him the song next door. I heard the song . He kept his eyes .singingsungshut高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision Note: Note: 在感官動詞后的賓語補(bǔ)足語既可以在感官動詞后的賓語補(bǔ)足語既可以用現(xiàn)在分詞也可以用不定式，但意義不用現(xiàn)在分詞也可以用不定式，但意義不同。同。 I saw the man crossing the road. I saw the man cross the road. I hear Tom sing the so

15、ng every day. I heard Tom singing the song when I passed by his room.高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式：Because he didnt feel well, he went to see a doctor.否定句否定句Not feeling well, he went to see a doctor.高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式：現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式：在做完作業(yè)之后，他出去散步了。在做完作業(yè)之后，他出去散步了。After he had finished his hom

16、ework, he went out for a walk.Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式：表示動作在謂語動詞現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式：表示動作在謂語動詞之前之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生。已經(jīng)發(fā)生。高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式的被動語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式的被動語態(tài)：在參觀了博物館之后，我們回到了賓館。在參觀了博物館之后，我們回到了賓館。After we had been shown around the museum, we went back to the hotel.Having been

17、shown around the museum, we went back to the hotel.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式的被動語態(tài): 表示一個被動表示一個被動的動作在謂語動詞前已經(jīng)完成。的動作在謂語動詞前已經(jīng)完成。高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision主動形式被動形式一般式(Not) Doing(not) Being done完成式(Not )Having done (not) Having been done現(xiàn)在分詞的形式變化如下表：現(xiàn)在分詞的形式變化如下表：過去分詞一般只有一種形式過去分詞一般只有一種形式: (not) done高二復(fù)習(xí)participlere

18、vision比較現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式和完成式的用法：比較現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式和完成式的用法：Staying in China, Miss White felt quiet happyHaving stayed (=After she had stayed) in China for months, Miss White came to love it.1 _(finish) the course, we had an exam.2 _( hear) the bell, the students entered the classroom. 3 _(open) the door, she saw her

19、 room broken into.4 _(live) in the house for 20 years, she didnt want to move.Having finishedHearingOpeningHaving lived高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevisionFill in the blanks with the proper form of given verbs.1 _ by some officials, the leader inspected his army. _ their teacher, the students went into the classr

20、oom.(follow)2 _ right, you will see the bank. _ right, and you will see the bank. _over, the stone broke into pieces. (turn)FollowedFollowingTurningTurnTurned高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevisionGetting/Got on the bus, he showed the driver his ticket. Leading/Led by a younger man, the party has changed direction.

21、Surprising/ Surprised to see us, they asked what we were doing there. Finding/ Found in a garden, the Ming vase is now in a museum. Preventing/Prevented from entering, the angry customers knocked on the doors of the bank.高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision3 _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. (g

22、ive)4 _ one more chance, I think I can pass the exam. (give)5 _ his address, she couldnt write to him. (not know)6 It rained heavily, _(cause) severe flooding in that area.7 Please fill in the form, _(give)your name, address etc.GivenGivenNot knowingcausinggiving條件狀語條件狀語原因狀語原因狀語結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語方式狀語方式狀語高二復(fù)習(xí)p

23、articiplerevision_(show)round the city, we were impressed by the citys new look.She sat in a sofa, _(watch)TV.He stood there, _(cry). _(Think) he might be at home, I telephoned him._(Stay) here for some time, youll find the people here are friendly. He stood _(lean) against the wall. He came _(run)

24、towards me. ShownwatchingcryingThinkingStayingleaningrunning高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision _(move) by what she said ,we couldnt help crying _(see) from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful. _(compare) with you , we still have a long way to go.4. She sat by the window , _(lose) in thought .5. Much _(tire)

25、 ,he still kept on working .高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision注意:1.系表示主語所處的狀態(tài)_ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)_ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress) be lost in be dressed in be interested in be devoted to be supposed to be caught in the rain be seated in be prepared for be

26、 determined to高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision分詞作狀語時，需注意的幾個問題：分詞作狀語時，需注意的幾個問題：1. 1. 分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須和主句主語一致。分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須和主句主語一致。Finding her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.Finding her car stolen, it was looked for everywhere. Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.See

27、n from the top of the hill, we found the city looked like a big garden.高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)： 當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語不是當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語不是主句主語時，分詞可以有自己獨立的邏輯主句主語時，分詞可以有自己獨立的邏輯主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。常用主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。常用來作狀語。來作狀語。 The boy rushed into the classroom , his face _(cover) with sweat .2. All things _(consid

28、er) ,your article is of great value than hers .高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevisionwith的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 表附帶狀況表附帶狀況翻譯以下例句：1. with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞：She found rows of white houses with trees growing in front of them.2. with +名詞+過去分詞：With the problems settled, they felt happy. 3. with +名詞+動詞不定式: Here are the first two volumes, the

29、third one to come out next year.高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision4. with +名詞名詞+形容詞形容詞: He slept with the window open. 5. with +名詞名詞+介詞介詞: The teacher entered the classroom, with a book in his hand. 6. with +名詞名詞+副詞副詞: He slept with the light on. 高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision2.不與主語保持一致的固定結(jié)構(gòu) generally speaking一般說來一般說來s

30、trictly/ frankly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說嚴(yán)格地說/坦白地說坦白地說 judging from 從從判斷判斷 例如：例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 總的來說，狗比豬跑得快。總的來說，狗比豬跑得快。（speaking 不是不是dogs 的動作）的動作）高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision6. _(heat) water, you can change it into

31、 steam.7. _(heat), water can be changed into steam.8._(know) he would probably fail in the examination, he still decided to have a try.9. _(encourage) by his words, she promised to try again.10. _(translate) into several foreign languages, the novel became famous in the world.高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevisionB

32、efore doing the experiment, youd better study the instructions carefully. At night, the _frightening_ (frighten) voice of the wolf made the girl let out a _frightened_ (frighten) cry.高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision帶有連詞的分詞作狀語：當(dāng)帶有連詞的分詞作狀語：當(dāng)when, while, until, if, when, while, until, if, unless, once, though, a

33、lthoughunless, once, though, although等連詞引導(dǎo)時間、條件、等連詞引導(dǎo)時間、條件、讓步狀語從句時，如從句主語與主句主語一致，則從讓步狀語從句時，如從句主語與主句主語一致，則從句主語可省略，省略后動詞主動保留句主語可省略，省略后動詞主動保留doing, doing, 被動保留被動保留donedone While I was looking through the paper, I noticed a few mistakes. While looking through the paper, I noticed a few mistakes. 高二復(fù)習(xí)part

34、iciplerevisionWhen asked by the teacher, she was at a loss. When she was asked by the teacher, she was at a loss. At the meeting you should remain silent until you are spoken to.At the meeting you should remain silent until spoken to.（untiluntil后面一般只出現(xiàn)后面一般只出現(xiàn)donedone, , 不出現(xiàn)不出現(xiàn)doingdoing）高二復(fù)習(xí)particip

35、lerevision現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式的被動語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式的被動語態(tài)：那個正在被討論的問題是非常重要的。那個正在被討論的問題是非常重要的。The question which is being discussed now is very important.The question being discussed now is very important.現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式的被動語態(tài)：表示一個現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式的被動語態(tài)：表示一個被動的動作正在進(jìn)行。被動的動作正在進(jìn)行。高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式：現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式：在做完作業(yè)之后，他出去散步了。在做完作業(yè)之

36、后，他出去散步了。After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk.Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式：表示動作在謂語動詞現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式：表示動作在謂語動詞之前之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生。已經(jīng)發(fā)生。高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式的被動語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式的被動語態(tài)：在參觀了博物館之后，我們回到了賓館。在參觀了博物館之后，我們回到了賓館。After we had been shown around the museum,

37、we went back to the hotel.Having been shown around the museum, we went back to the hotel.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式的被動語態(tài): 表示一個被動表示一個被動的動作在謂語動詞前已經(jīng)完成。的動作在謂語動詞前已經(jīng)完成。高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevisionUnless invited, he wont attend the party.Unless he is invited, he wont attend the party.Once they are touched, the leaves

38、 of the plant start to shut together. Once touched, the leaves of the plant start to shut together. （unless, onceunless, once后面一般只出現(xiàn)后面一般只出現(xiàn)donedone, , 不出現(xiàn)不出現(xiàn)doingdoing）高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevisionThough lacking money, she managed to send her son to university.Though she was lacking money, she managed to s

39、end her son to university.Although they were first published hundreds of years ago, his novels are still popular with people all over the world.Although first published hundreds of years ago, his novels are still popular with people all over the world.高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevisionnotebook高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevi

40、sion2).Hearing the bell, the students went into the classroom. 1.時間狀語時間狀語( (同時發(fā)生同時發(fā)生) )1). Working in the factory, we learned a lot （幾乎同時發(fā)生）（幾乎同時發(fā)生）3). When asked by the teacher, she was at a loss. 高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision2.原因狀語原因狀語1). Being ill, he stayed at home.2). Not knowing she was the mayor, th

41、e guard didnt let her in.（同時發(fā)生（同時發(fā)生, ,不可用不可用not having known）3). Deeply moved by the story, the girl couldnt help crying. 高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision 3. 條件狀語條件狀語 1). Taking this medicine, you will recover soon. 2) . Unless invited, he wont attend the party.高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision4. .伴隨狀語伴隨狀語 1. She sat in

42、 a sofa, watching TV.(She sat in a sofa and watched TV).He stood there, crying.The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students.He entered the hall, surprised.高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevisionThey come running into the room. 5. 5.方式狀語方式狀語 He stood leaning against the wall.高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevisi

43、on6. 6. 讓步狀語讓步狀語1). Believing that her son would come back, she never saw him in the end.2). Although first published hundreds of years ago, his novels are still popular with people all over the world.高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision7. 7. 結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語He died all of a sudden, leaving his novel unfinished.The war e

44、nded, reaching no result.He returned home, tired out.高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式：Because he didnt feel well, he went to see a doctor.否定句否定句Not feeling well, he went to see a doctor.高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式：現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式：在做完作業(yè)之后，他出去散步了。在做完作業(yè)之后，他出去散步了。After he had finished his homework, he went o

45、ut for a walk.Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式：表示動作在謂語動詞現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式：表示動作在謂語動詞之前之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生。已經(jīng)發(fā)生。高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式的被動語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式的被動語態(tài)：在參觀了博物館之后，我們回到了賓館。在參觀了博物館之后，我們回到了賓館。After we had been shown around the museum, we went back to the hotel.Having been shown around the

46、 museum, we went back to the hotel.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式的被動語態(tài): 表示一個被動表示一個被動的動作在謂語動詞前已經(jīng)完成。的動作在謂語動詞前已經(jīng)完成。高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision主動形式被動形式一般式(Not) Doing(not) Being done完成式(Not )Having done (not) Having been done現(xiàn)在分詞的形式變化如下表：現(xiàn)在分詞的形式變化如下表：過去分詞一般只有一種形式過去分詞一般只有一種形式: (not) done高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision比較現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式

47、和完成式的用法：比較現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式和完成式的用法：Staying in China, Miss White felt quiet happyHaving stayed (=After she had stayed) in China for months, Miss White came to love it.1 _(finish) the course, we had an exam.2 _( hear) the bell, the students entered the classroom. 3 _(open) the door, she saw her room broken int

48、o.4 _(live) in the house for 20 years, she didnt want to move.Having finishedHearingOpeningHaving lived高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision注意:1.系表示主語所處的狀態(tài)_ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)_ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress) be lost in be dressed in be interested in be devo

49、ted to be supposed to be caught in the rain be seated in be prepared for be determined to高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision2.不與主語保持一致的固定結(jié)構(gòu) generally speaking一般說來一般說來strictly/ frankly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說嚴(yán)格地說/坦白地說坦白地說 judging from 從從判斷判斷 例如：例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。Generally

50、speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 總的來說，狗比豬跑得快?？偟膩碚f，狗比豬跑得快。（speaking 不是不是dogs 的動作）的動作）高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)： 當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語不是當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語不是主句主語時，分詞可以有自己獨立的邏輯主句主語時，分詞可以有自己獨立的邏輯主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。常用主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。常用來作狀語。來作狀語。 The boy rushed into the classroom , his face _(cover) with sweat .2

51、. All things _(consider) ,your article is of great value than hers .高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision分詞：分詞：英語中分詞有兩種：英語中分詞有兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞和和過去分過去分詞詞。分詞在句中可以充當(dāng)。分詞在句中可以充當(dāng)表語表語，定語定語，狀語狀語和和賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語。高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevisionParticiple (phrases) used as predicative分詞做表語高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevisionThe windows in the house are bro

52、ken.The result was surprising.They were surprised at the result.現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語所具有的特征,令人興奮的(如exciting 令人興奮的)，過去分詞則表示所處的狀態(tài)(如excited 興奮的)。高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision 比較： interesting 有趣的 interested 感到興趣的 exciting 令人興奮的 excited 感到興奮 shocking 令人震驚 shocked 感到震驚 disappointing 令人失望disappointed感到失望puzzling 令人疑惑puzzled 感

53、到疑惑高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevisionParticiples as attribute分詞做定語分詞做定語高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision后置定語：后置定語：分詞分詞( (短語）需要后置的情況：短語）需要后置的情況：a)a)分詞短分詞短語作定語語作定語 b)b)被修飾詞是不定代詞。被修飾詞是不定代詞。The book written by him is very interesting.Most of the students standing there are from our class.There is nothing exciting in his book.

54、He is one of those invited.高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevisionParticiple (phrases) used as object complement分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語一般用于下列動詞：分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語一般用于下列動詞：1. 1.感官動詞感官動詞: :see, hear, feel, notice, find, watch2. 2.使役動詞使役動詞: : make, have, get, keep, leave, I heard him the song next door. I heard th

55、e song . He kept his eyes .singingsungshut高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision Note: Note: 在感官動詞后的賓語補(bǔ)足語既可以在感官動詞后的賓語補(bǔ)足語既可以用現(xiàn)在分詞也可以用不定式，但意義不用現(xiàn)在分詞也可以用不定式，但意義不同。同。 I saw the man crossing the road. I saw the man cross the road. I hear Tom sing the song every day. I heard Tom singing the song when I passed by his room.

56、高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision分詞作狀語：分詞作狀語： Surprised by this, Kroc decided to go and visit it. Impressed by the cleanliness, service and food, kroc looked up at the name over the hamburger stand. 高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision3. Arriving before the hamburger stand opened, Kroc sat in his car and watched .4. A team of young people in uniforms appeared and started cleaning the stand and its car park, making everything neat and tidy.高二復(fù)習(xí)participlerevision5. When opened for business, the hamburg