2021年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)之重點(diǎn)核心詞匯詳解專(zhuān)題11P字部一

1、最新Word專(zhuān)題H一 P字部（一）1. pardonEEEBn.原諒,寬恕，對(duì)不起v.原諒，寬恕 一面因岫用法：Q pardon作名詞，常見(jiàn)搭配為 ask/beg one s pardon （for sth.）請(qǐng)求某人原諒（某事）。例如：He asked her pardon for having cheated her.他欺騙了她，向她請(qǐng)求原諒。（2 pardon作動(dòng)詞，常用于 pardon sb. for doing sth. 原諒某人（做）某事：He could never pardon her for the things she had said.他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)原諒她說(shuō)的話。（3 口語(yǔ)中

2、常用pardon me表示一種禮貌用語(yǔ)，意為“對(duì)不起；勞駕”，或請(qǐng)求別人重復(fù)：Oh, pardon me, I didn t mean to disturb you. 噢，對(duì)不起，我不是有意要打擾你。 口語(yǔ)中常常直接用 Pardon ?做語(yǔ)氣詞，表示“請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f(shuō)一遍（沒(méi)聽(tīng)清，希望對(duì)方重復(fù)）：Hurry up Jonathan! ;Pardon?I said hurry up! 快點(diǎn)，喬納森！你說(shuō)什么?。课艺f(shuō)快點(diǎn)！”工工61（2019,湖北卷，單項(xiàng)選擇）35. The game is too hard for me. I will certainly lose. You should never s

3、ay no before you try.A. Forget it! B. Come on! C. I m sorry. D.Pardon me?2. park|二CI , n.公園；v.停放（汽車(chē)等）I TMG關(guān)聯(lián)詞組： forest park 森林公園； amusement park 游樂(lè)園； city park 城市公園熟詞僻義：park還可作動(dòng)詞，表示“停放（汽車(chē)等）”，可接賓語(yǔ)，也可不接賓語(yǔ)：I couldn t find anywhere to park.我找不到地方停車(chē)。She parked the car on the drive.她把車(chē)停在了私人車(chē)道上。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：parkin

4、g n. 停車(chē)，泊車(chē)：No Parking 禁止泊車(chē)；parking space/lot停車(chē)位/場(chǎng)（2019,山東卷，詞匯運(yùn)用）47. There is a big park（ 在旁邊）the supermarket. I prefer to take a walk there.3. partEZDn.部分；成分；角色；部件，零件/j颼腐用法： 表示“部分”，通常和 of搭配：In parts of Canada, French is the first language.在加拿大的部分地區(qū)，法語(yǔ)是第一語(yǔ)言。表示“（機(jī)器，設(shè)備的）零件，部件”，常見(jiàn)詞組：spare parts 備用零件C3表示

5、“參與，參加；角色”，常見(jiàn)搭配有take part （in） 參加；play an important part in 在中約有40名學(xué)生參加了活動(dòng)。 工作在我們的生活中很重要。起重要作用：About 40 students took part in the activity.Work plays an important part in our life.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：partly adv. 部分的；在一定程度上；partial adj. 局部的；partially adv.部分地；偏袒I（2019,浙江卷，單項(xiàng)填空）9.- Could you tell me-You will stay wit

6、h an English family and take A. when I should pay for the course C. how long the shortest course lasts 4. passpart in their daily life.B. what the best part of the course isD. where I can go sightseeing after classv.傳，遞；經(jīng)過(guò)；通過(guò)用法：sth. to sb.把某物（傳）遞給某人；pass around分發(fā)，傳閱;能把你腳邊的那個(gè)包遞給我嗎?。表示 “傳遞，給； pass sb.

7、 sth尸pass例如：Can you pass me that bag by your feet?表示“經(jīng)過(guò)，越過(guò)”，既是及物也是不及物動(dòng)詞：He gave me a smile as he passed.他經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)對(duì)我微笑了一下。（3表示“穿過(guò)，前行”，不及物動(dòng)詞，通常接副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)；例如：We passed through the gates into a house behind.我們穿過(guò)幾道門(mén)進(jìn)了 后面的房子。表示“通過(guò)（考試），考試及格”，既是及物也是不及物動(dòng)詞：Did you pass all your exams?你考試都及格了 嗎？詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：passage n.走廊，通

8、道；一段（文章）； passenger n.乘客，旅客反義詞：fail v. 考試不及格；失敗工工劭passed immediately to the host.（2019,山東卷，完形） After greetings, the gift should be 5. pay|出蹙及v.付錢(qián)，給報(bào)酬: 雷詞形變化：過(guò)去式 paid ,過(guò)去分詞paid關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：pay back償還；報(bào)復(fù)；pay off付清，還清；取得成功，奏效 用法：表示“付款，付錢(qián)給，支付”、“償還，繳納”，“付酬”等含義；pay的賓語(yǔ)可以是支付的對(duì)象，或支付的數(shù)目；不要在 pay后面直接跟你要買(mǎi)的東西，要用 pay for

9、sth.的形式，其中pay后可以跟一定數(shù)量的錢(qián)。例如：I ll pay you in advance.我會(huì)預(yù)先付款給你。I paid 100 for this jacket. 我花了 100英鎊買(mǎi)這件夾克衫。2 固定搭配 pay attention (to sb./sth.) 表示“注意”：I m sorry, I wasn t paying attention to what you were saying.對(duì)不起， 我沒(méi)有仔細(xì)聽(tīng)你說(shuō)的話。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：payment n.付款，支付；報(bào)酬I工卯鼎(2019,浙江卷，單項(xiàng)填空)9.- Could you tell me?-You will sta

10、y with an English family and take part in their daily life.A. when I should pay for the course B. what the best part of the course isC. how long the shortest course lastsD. where I can go sightseeing after class6 .peacen.和平關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：world peace 世界和平；peace of mind 內(nèi)心的寧?kù)o；make peace with 與講和；言歸于好用法：peace為不可

11、數(shù)名詞，主要有兩層含義：表示“和平，太平”，相對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)而言：war and peace 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平；peace talks 和平談判2表示“平靜，安靜，寧?kù)o”，相對(duì)吵鬧、聒噪而言：He just wants to be left in peace.他只希望別打擾他。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：peaceful adj.和平的；愛(ài)好和平的； peacefully adv. 平靜地；工少齒1（2019, 浙江卷，閱讀 C） But the peace ended the day the British mans pig decided to eat some ofan American farmers potatoe

12、s.7 . percent|工疣r n.百分之用法：常放在數(shù)字后面，表示“百分之幾”，可用符號(hào)%!示：a 10 percent （10%） increase in house prices 10%的房?jī)r(jià)上漲2固定短語(yǔ)a/one hundred percent 表示“百分之百地，完全地”，相當(dāng)于 completely :I agree with you a hundred percent.我百分之百同意你的看法。關(guān)聯(lián)單詞： percentage n.百分比， 百分?jǐn)?shù)：The percentage of school leavers that go to universityis about fi

13、ve percent.中學(xué)畢業(yè)生上大學(xué)的比例約為5%工工牙石，（2019,山東卷，單項(xiàng)填空）20. A recent survey shows that 44 percent of Americans want to use self-driving cars,34 percent believe that they will make the roads more dangerous.A. althoughB. becauseC. if8. periodHZDn.一段時(shí)間，時(shí)期；時(shí)代 用法：表示“一段時(shí)間，時(shí)期”，指時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度，常和介詞 of連用。例如：His playing improved

14、 in a very short period of time.他的演奏技巧在很短時(shí)間內(nèi)就有了 提高。2表示“時(shí)代，時(shí)期”，指歷史或生活時(shí)期。例如：Van Gogh s early period 凡高的早期生涯詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：periodic（al） adj. 周期的，定期的；periodically adv.定期地；周期性地；偶爾工工扇（2019,山東卷，閱讀 A） Over 1 billion young people are at risk of hearing loss （聽(tīng)力喪失）,because of listening to loud noise for longperiods of

15、time.9. person|心例助n人 關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：in person 親自；contact person 聯(lián)系人用法：person為可數(shù)名詞，一個(gè)人為one/a person，不能用people ;表示多個(gè)人時(shí)，其復(fù)數(shù)一般會(huì)使用 people , persons 也正確，但往往用于較正式的語(yǔ)體：Hes a fascinating person.他是個(gè)魅力十足的人。This car is allowed to carry 4 persons.止匕車(chē)準(zhǔn)乘 4人。person 、 human和 people 的區(qū)另U：human具有總稱(chēng)概念，帶有“人類(lèi)”這層含義； person強(qiáng)調(diào)單個(gè)的人，如“這

16、個(gè)人”、“那個(gè)人； people多用來(lái)指“人民；群眾”，或者作為person的復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示很多人或人群。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：personal adj. 個(gè)人的，私人的；personally adv. 親自；個(gè)別地；就自己而言工工后1（2019,江蘇卷，單項(xiàng)填空）9. I wonder . Someone who can make me a better person .A. when you often meet your friendsB. how you make your friends happyC. who you want to make friends withD. where you

17、spend weekends with friends10. physics| E；疣1n.物理（學(xué)）用法：physics這個(gè)單詞雖以-s結(jié)尾，但其本身為不可數(shù)名詞。例如： a degree in physics物理學(xué)學(xué)位；the laws of physics物理定律詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：physical adj.身體的；物質(zhì)的；物理的：physical examination 體格檢查；physical world物質(zhì)世界；physical process物理過(guò)程；physically adv. 身體上（地）工工劭（2019,山東卷，閱讀 B） Do you want to improve your

18、physics and chemistry grades? Well, maybe you should first learn something about the struggles （奮斗）of great scientists.11. pickI E；?二v.拾起；采集；挑選關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：pick up撿起；收拾；接電話；接某人； pick out挑選出 用法：pick主要有兩層含義：表示采，摘：pick flowers/grapes 采花/摘葡萄表示“選擇，挑選”，常用搭配有 pick sb./sth. for sth. ； pick sb. to do sth. 等： I wasn

19、t picked for the football team.我沒(méi)被選進(jìn)足球隊(duì)。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：picky adj. 挑剔的，吹毛求疵的 同義詞：choose v. 選擇工工后1（2019,浙江卷，單項(xiàng)填空）8. - Linda, Dad has finished his work and we to the gym topick you up.-Thank you, Mum.A. driveB. droveC. have drivenD. are driving12. piece |后百/n 塊（片，張，件） 用法：dpiece可用作“量詞”，表示“一個(gè)，一片，一塊，一件，一張”等，通常用于不可數(shù)

20、名詞的計(jì)量:Pass me another piece of paper.再給我張紙。You should eat three pieces of fruit a day.你應(yīng)該每天吃三個(gè)水果。(2piece表示“片，塊，段，截”等，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于part ,強(qiáng)調(diào)與整體相對(duì)。例如:He broke off a piece of bread and gave it her.他掰下一塊面包遞給她。(3 piece還可表示“碎片,切片“，常用于 in pieces 短語(yǔ)。例如：The china dish lay in pieces on the floor.瓷盤(pán)碎片散落在地上。(2019,北京卷，短文

21、閱讀) Some pieces of ice are huge, like moving islands.13. pity庇EE和.憐憫,同情；遺憾用法：同情某人。例如:。表示“同情，憐憫“，后常接 forsb./sth. ； take/have pity on sb.He looked exhausted, but Mary felt no pity for him.他看上去疲憊不堪，但瑪麗一點(diǎn)也不同情他。請(qǐng)你可憐可憐他吧。表示“遺憾，可惜”，常用搭配有 Its a pity that you cant stay longer.Ive lost it!-Oh, what a pity.It

22、seems a pity to waste this food.I beg you to have pity on him.a pity (that) , what a pity , a pity do sth. 等。例如: 你不能再多停留些時(shí)間，真是遺憾?！拔野褨|西弄丟了！” “哎呀，真可惜。”浪費(fèi)這些食物真可惜。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：pitiful adj.可憐的，令人同情的；pitifully adv.科聯(lián)地，令人憐憫地 同義詞：shame n.遺憾，可惜；羞恥I工區(qū)石2 2019 ,湖南卷，情景交際)B: What a pity ! Given more time, you could visit

23、 more places of interest. Howabout the food there?14. pleasure用器圖n.高興，愉快用法：作不可數(shù)名詞，表示“愉快，快樂(lè)；滿(mǎn)足”，常見(jiàn)搭配有with pleasure 高興，樂(lè)意；for pleasure 為了取樂(lè)；take pleasure in (doing sth.) 等。例如：to read for pleasure 讀書(shū)以自?shī)蔋e takes no pleasure in his work.他從他的工作中得不到絲毫樂(lè)趣。2作可數(shù)名詞，表示“樂(lè)事，快事”，常用 it s a pleasure 的短語(yǔ)：Its a pleasur

24、e to meet you.彳艮高興認(rèn)識(shí)你。C3 口語(yǔ)中，常用It s a pleasure , my pleasure , with pleasure等表示一種禮貌回答，意思相當(dāng)于“不客氣”、“很樂(lè)意”。例如：Thanks for doing that.-Its a pleasure.這事真勞您大駕了?！安豢蜌狻！痹~性轉(zhuǎn)換：pleasant adj.令人愉快的；友好和善的；please v.使人高興，使人滿(mǎn)意:I did it to please my parents.我這么做是要讓父母高興。近義詞：joy/enjoyment/fun n. 高興，愉快|工少金（2019,山東卷，單項(xiàng)填空）1

25、. 一 Lucy, how about going to the ? Sounds great! Reading books can give us much pleasure .A. libraryB. cinemaC. museum D. concert15. pointv.指（向）；n.點(diǎn)；分?jǐn)?shù)；觀點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞詞組：point out 指出，指明；point at 指向名詞詞組：point of view 觀點(diǎn)；starting/key/turning point出發(fā)/關(guān)鍵/轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)；to the point 簡(jiǎn)潔中肯的動(dòng)詞用法：point表示“（用手或物體）指，指向”；也可表示“朝向”，后常接

26、副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。她指著我這個(gè)方向。例如：時(shí)鐘的指針指向一點(diǎn)一刻。She pointed her finger in my direction.The hands of the clock pointed to a quarter past one.名詞用法：表示“觀點(diǎn)，論點(diǎn)”，可與介詞about搭配。例如：I agree with John s point about keeping the costs down.我同意約翰關(guān)于維持彳氐成本的觀點(diǎn)。2表示“點(diǎn)”，可指地理上的“地點(diǎn)，位置”，也可指時(shí)間上的“時(shí)刻，階段”。例如：No cars are allowed beyond this

27、point.車(chē)輛不得越過(guò)止匕處。At this point we should start to do something more meaningful.現(xiàn)在我們應(yīng)該開(kāi)始做些更有意義的事。表示“（比賽，運(yùn)動(dòng)的）分?jǐn)?shù)，得分”：He is three points behind the leader.他落后領(lǐng)先者三分。point（某人）做某事是有禮貌的。工工手石，（2019,北京卷，完形） His speech was short, but all to the16. politeWLTadj.有禮貌的，有教養(yǎng)的用法：polite 可作表語(yǔ)，也可作定語(yǔ)；it is polite （of sb.）

28、 to do sth.例如:We left the party as soon as it was polite to do so.我們?cè)诓皇ФY節(jié)的情況下盡早離開(kāi)了聚會(huì)。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：politely adv.禮貌地，客氣地；politeness n. 禮貌反義詞：impolite adj.不禮貌的工上不齒1（2019,山東卷，完形） Whenthe guests are to leave, the host may still politely ask them to stay.17. popularE；年gadj.受歡迎的；（音樂(lè)，藝術(shù)等）大眾化的，通俗的用法： 表示“受大眾喜愛(ài)的，受歡迎的“

29、，常與介詞 with/among連用。例如：Chocolate is always popular with children.巧克力總是受小孩子喜愛(ài)。表示“（音樂(lè)，藝術(shù)等）通俗的，大眾化的“，例如 pop music=popular music 流行音樂(lè)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：popularity n. 普及，流行；名氣；受歡迎反義詞：unpopular adj.不受歡迎的，不得人心的工工劭（2019,山東卷，單項(xiàng)填空）29. Peppa Pig （小豬佩奇 ）is a British cartoon has been popular in China and is muchloved by little

30、 children and their parents.A. whoB. whichC. /18. populationSJ . n.人口.人數(shù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：the world s population 世界人口； population size人口規(guī)模；population growth 人口增用法：0population 表示“人口”，即某地區(qū)所生活的人的數(shù)量，常接介詞of。例如：India has a population of more than one billion.E吸有超過(guò) 10 億人 口。(2population 表示“(某一地區(qū)的)全體居民”。例如：South Florida

31、has a large Jewish population.南佛羅里達(dá)有很多猶太人。詞性轉(zhuǎn)換：populous adj. 人口稠密的；populate v. 居住于（2019 年，山東卷，閱讀表達(dá)） The population of the world continues to increase, but in some areas the population is falling.19. positionI E好1n.位置；姿勢(shì)關(guān)聯(lián)詞組：in position 就位；social position社會(huì)地位用法：dposition 表示“姿態(tài)，姿勢(shì)”,比如 sitting/standing position坐著/站著的姿勢(shì)：Lie in a comfortable positio