最全情態(tài)動詞的用法

1、情態(tài)動詞的用法can 禾口 could情態(tài)動詞用法例子補(bǔ)充說明can/could表示能力1. I can speak flue nt En glish now, but I couldn t last year.Can表現(xiàn)在能力；Could表示過 去能力.可用be able to代 替；was/were able to 表示成 功做了某事在肯定句中，表示客觀 可能性，并不涉及具體某 事會發(fā)生，常用來說明人 或事物的特征。要表達(dá)具 體某事實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能 性時，不用can，需用could， may， might。1. I may stay at home this weekend.（實(shí)際可能性）2

2、. Peter might come to join us.（實(shí) 際可能性）3. It will be sunny in the daytime ,but it could rain tonight.（實(shí)際可能性）1. can用于否疋和疑冋句(could 不限)2. can (be)表示有時候會(常與 sometimes, at times連用)表示請求和允許。表示請 求，口語中常用could代 替can，使語氣更委婉。1. Can we turn the air conditioner on?2. I wonder if I could just ask you to sig n this.

3、1. 請求用could語氣委婉2. 允許不用could.表示對現(xiàn)在的動作或狀 態(tài)進(jìn)行主觀的猜測，主要 用在否疋句和疑冋句中。1. It can be easy caring for a man and a child who are not your own.2. Can the man over there be our head master?表示驚異、懷疑、不相信 等態(tài)度，主要用在否定 句、疑問句和感嘆句中。1. Can this be an excuse for not giving them help?2. This can t be true.3. How can you be s

4、o crazy!特別提示：(1) could用來表示請求時，語氣委婉，主要用于疑問句，不能用于肯定句，回答應(yīng)該用can (即: could不能用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的簡略答語中)。如：Could I use your diet ion ary?Yes, you can.(否定回答可用：No, Im afraid not.)(2) can 和 be able to 區(qū)分can(could)和be able to都可以表示能力，意思上沒有區(qū)別。但can只有現(xiàn)在式和過去式，而be able to則有更多的形式。如：Ive always wan ted to able to speak flue nt En g

5、lish.Those bags look really heavy, are you sure you be able to carry them on your own?但是，表示在過去某時的某一場合經(jīng)過一番努力，終于做成了某事，通常不用could，而用was/were able to來表示。這時， was/were able to 相當(dāng)于 man aged to do 或 succeed in doing。如: After the accide nt it was a long time before she was able to walk aga in.The fire was ver

6、y big, but most people were able to escape from the buildi ng. 慣用形式cannot , too, ”表示無論怎么 ”也不（過分）”。如：You cannot be too careful.你越小心越好。慣用形式“ cannot but+不定式（不帶to）”表示“不得不，只好”。如：I cannot but admire her determ in ati on.我不得不欽佩你的決心。may 禾口 might情態(tài)動詞用法例子補(bǔ)充說明may/might表示允許、許可。否定回答一般用mustnot/mustn t,表示禁止、阻止之意，

7、但也可以用 had better not （最好別）或may not （不可以），語氣較為委婉。1. May I come in and wait?2. May I smoke here?No, you mustn 或 No, you d better not.）1. 請求用might語氣更委 婉。2. 允許時用may，表示可 以”（表示允許時不用 might）。在表示請求、允許時，might比may語氣 更委婉些。用 May I征詢對方許可在文 體上比較正式，在口氣上比較客氣，在 日常用語中，用 Can I征詢對方意見更 為常見。1. Might I borrow your pen?2. I

8、 wonder if I might speak to your son.表示可能性的推測，通常用在肯定句和 否定句中，含有“或許”“大概” “可能”之意；用 might代替may時，則語氣顯 得更加不肯定。1. It may rain this after noon.2. I suppose he might have missed the trai n.常用于肯疋句（might 可能最?。﹎ay用于祈使句表示祝愿1. May you succeed !慣用句式：may well+ 動詞原形 ，意為 元全能， 很可能，相當(dāng)于to be very likely to“may as well 或

9、 might（just）as well+動詞原形”意為“最好，滿可以，倒不女口 ，相當(dāng)于 had better 或 there is no reas on to do anything else.1. There is nothing to do, so I may as well go to bed.2. You may as well tell us now, we ll find out sooner or later.3. I suppose we might as well go home.must禾口 have to情態(tài)動 詞用法例子補(bǔ)充說明Must表示“必須，應(yīng)該”之意，語氣比

10、should, ought to強(qiáng)烈。其否定形式 must nt表示 不準(zhǔn)，不應(yīng)該，禁止1. You must come to school on time.2. You must nt drive so fast in thestreet.1. must多表主觀、現(xiàn)在/將來 義務(wù)；have to多表客觀、過去義務(wù)have to等意3. We mustnt waste any more time.2.must nt表禁止;否定用n eed nt / dont have to在回答帶有 must的冋句時，否定 回答常用 need n或 don have to, 表示不必，而不用mustn t1.

11、 Must I come back before ten?Yes, you must.（No, you neednt）表示有把握的推測，意為“一定、 準(zhǔn)是”1. It must be my mother.2. You must be hungry after a walk.3. There must be a hole in the wall.只用肯定句。在否定句/疑問句中用 can/could“必須，不得不”，意義與must相 近。但 must表示的是說話人的主 觀看法，而have to則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客 觀需要。1. The film is not interesting. I really m

12、ust go now.2. I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.must只有一種形式，即現(xiàn)在式與過 去式都是一種形式，而have to則涉及各種人稱、時態(tài)等方面的變化 形式。1. I had to work hard when 1 was your age.2. In order to take the exam, we lhave to finish the whole book by the end of this mon th.兩者的否疋意義不冋，mustn t表示 禁止，不許 ，don t have to表示 不必。1.

13、 You mustngo there.2. You don have to go there.四.shall和 should情態(tài)動 詞用法例句補(bǔ)充說明shall用于第一、二、三人稱構(gòu)成的疑 冋句，表示征求對方意見或請求 指示1. Shall I open the window?2. Shall we say 6 o clock, then?3. What shall I get for dinner?表規(guī)章、法令、預(yù)言：“必須” 用于所有人稱Everycompetitor shall wear a nu mber用于第二、三人稱陳述句中，表 示說話人給對方的命令、警告、 允諾或威脅。1. Do

14、n worry, you shall get the an swer this after noon.（允諾）2 . He shall be sorry for it one day, Itell you.（警告）3 . You shall do as I say.（命令）4 . If you children don do as I tellyou, you shall not go to the party. 倣脅）should表示勸告或建議，意為“應(yīng)該”1. What should I do?2 . Should I trust him?3 . You should read his n

15、ew book.表示推測，用在肯定句中，對現(xiàn) 在的情況或可能發(fā)生的事的主觀推測或期待。意為“想 必，大概，或許”1. It should be a nice day tomorrow.2 . Try phoning Robert, he should behome now.3 . He should be around sixty years肯疋的語氣沒有 must用于推測 時強(qiáng) This pen ought to /should be yours.old.還可以用在if引導(dǎo)的條件句中， 表示一件事聽起來可能性很小， 但也不是完全不可能，相當(dāng)于“萬 一”的意思。從句謂語用should+ 動詞原

16、形構(gòu)成，主句都一定用虛 擬語氣1. Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him.（你萬一見到湯 姆，請讓他給我打個電話）2. Should I be free tomorrow, I l come.（萬一我明天有時間，我就 過來）3. If things should change suddenly, please let me know.（萬一情況突 變，請通知我）用于疑問句或感嘆句中，表示意 夕卜、驚異的情緒，意為“竟會”， 與 why， what， how， who 連用， 如果是疑冋句，則不需要回答。1. Why should anyone

17、want to marry Tony?2. Dont ask me. How should I know?五.will 和 would情態(tài)動詞用法例句補(bǔ)充說明will/would用于表示意志或意愿。will指現(xiàn)在，would指過去。1. He is the man who will go his own way.（他是個自行其是的人。）2. They said they would meet us at 10:30 at the station.Would此時為will過去式，無意義 差別表示請求、建議等，用would 比用will委婉、客氣。1. Will you please take a

18、 message for him?2. Would you please tell me your teleph one nu mber?此意用于疑問句，常與you連用Will you give me a piece of paper?表示習(xí)慣或傾向，意為“總 是，慣于” will至現(xiàn)在，would 指過去。1. Fish will die without water.2. People will talk.（人們總會說閑 話。）3. When we worked in the same office, we would often have coffee together.Would表過去反

19、復(fù)的動作/某種傾 向（相對于used to無“現(xiàn)已無此習(xí) 慣”之義。）表示推測，意為“很可能， 大概”。will表示推測比 should把握大，比must把握 小。1. These things will happe n.2. That will be the messe nger ringing.3. It would be about ten o clock when he left home.此意表對目前事物的預(yù)料。Thatwill be the postma n ringin g.（would表示過去/現(xiàn)在；will表示現(xiàn)在/將 來）表示功能，意為“能，行”。 慣用形式：will do

20、/would do 表示解決冋題、就行。1. That will be all right.2. Either pen will do.3. It would not do to work too late.（工 作太晚不行。）敘述真理：The tree will leave without water for 3 mon ths.用于否定句中，意為“不肯”、 “不樂意”1. I won Clisten to your nonsense.2. No matter what I said, he wouldn C liste n to me.特別提示：would與used to辨析would可用

21、來表示過去反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動作， 但不能表示過去存在的狀態(tài)， 所以我們不能說：“she would be a quiet girl. 另外，would強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某種特定情況下的活動，是完全過去的事情，同現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。而used to則著眼于過去和現(xiàn)在的對比，隱含現(xiàn)在已不存在，動作或狀態(tài)都可表示。Would可以表示不規(guī)則的習(xí)慣， used to則不可。如：He used to be a n aughty boy and cause trouble.I used to get up at six in the morning.Sometimes she would take a walk in the n

22、eighboring woods.In those days, whe never I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help.六.need禾口 dare情態(tài) 動詞用法例句n eed用于表示“需要，必要”之意。做情態(tài) 動詞時，僅用于否定句和疑冋句，只有 現(xiàn)在時，過去式要用 need nt have，疑冋 式用need+人稱？，否定式用need not(即neednt),1. Need we leave soon?Yes, you must.(No, you n eed nt)2. You neednt have hurried.(=I

23、t was not necessary for you to hurry , but you did).你當(dāng)時不必這么 匆忙。做實(shí)義動詞時，其變化與一般的實(shí)義動 詞相冋，后接帶to的不定式(need doing =need to be done ),過去式用 needed、 did you n eed? 和 did nt n eed,肯疋式用 needs/needed/need,疑問式用 do、 does、did提冋，否定式要在前面加dont、does nt、did nt1. A job like nursing needs patienee and understanding.(need+

24、名詞，needunderstanding=need to be understood,需要被理解 )2. He needs to see a doctor.(need to do)3. Do you still need volunteers to help clean up after the party?(need somebody to do someth ing)4. They did nt n eed to start so early.(do not n eed to do)dare用于表示“敢于”之意。做情態(tài)動詞， 沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，主要用于否定句、 疑問句和條件狀語從句中1.

25、 Dare you tell her the truth?Yes, I dare. /No, I daren .3. How dare you accuse me of lying!4. He dare nadmit this.用作實(shí)義動詞時，其變化與一般的實(shí)義 動詞相冋。在冃疋句中，dare后接帶to的不定式；否定句中，dare后既可接帶to的不定式，也可接不帶to的不定式。1. Only a few journ alists dared to cover the story.2. He does ntdare (to) go there alone.3. Don you dare (to)

26、 touch it?七.ought的用法:情態(tài)動 詞用法例句補(bǔ)充說明Should表示 應(yīng)該之意1. You ought to take care of him.2. Ought I go now?(1) should用于疑冋句中表示說 話人對某事不能理解，惋惜，感到ought to doYes, you ought to. /No, you ought n to.意外，贊 嘆，憤怒、驚異等感情， 意為“竟會”，有時也用于陳述句 中（2） Should還可以用在if弓1 導(dǎo)的條件從句，表示一件事聽起來 可能性很小，但也不是完全沒有可 能，相當(dāng)于“萬一”的意思。表示推測。注意與must表示推測是的

27、區(qū)別1. He must be home by now.（斷定他 已到家）2. He ought to be home by now.（ 不十 分肯定）3. This is where the oil must be.（ 比較 直率）4. This is where the oil ought to be.（ 比 較含蓄）說明：should與ought to表示“應(yīng)該”時的區(qū)別should表示自己的主觀看法，而ought to的語氣中，含有“按道理應(yīng)該”之意。若要反映客觀情況或涉及法律義務(wù)和規(guī)定，一般用ought to。如：You should help them with their wor

28、k.You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good educati on.八.“情態(tài)動詞+have done用法情態(tài)動詞+have done用法例句must have done表示主觀上對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進(jìn)行 推測，意為“想必，準(zhǔn)是，一定做了某事”1. She must have gone through a lot.2. He must have visited the White House duri ng his stay in the Un ited States.may/might have done表示對過去已發(fā)生

29、行為的推測，意為“也 許/或許已經(jīng)（沒有）”“。一般用于肯疋句或否疋句中，不用于疑冋句。用might 則表示語氣更加不冃疋。1. You may have learnt the news.2. He may not have heard his name called.3. Sorry I m late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep aga in.can, have done cannot have done表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯定， 通常用在否定句和疑問句中。（can換成could時語

30、氣委婉）1. Where can she have gone?2. Could he have done such a foolish thi ng?3. The boy can have fini shed read ing the book so soon because it is difficult eve n to an adult.could have done可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已經(jīng)”之意，此外，還可以表示過去能做而沒做 的事，有一種對過去為付諸實(shí)施的事情的 惋惜。1. He could have killed himself driving at a dan gerous speed.2. You could have been more con siderate.3. You could have done better, but you were too careless.m