高分子材料與工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯

1、05.高分子化學(xué)05.1高分子物質(zhì)05.2新序碼漢文名英文名注釋1高分子macromolecule, polymer又稱大分子”。2超高分子supra polymer3天然高分子natural polymer4無(wú)機(jī)高分子inorganic polymer5有機(jī)高分子organic polymer6無(wú)機(jī)-有機(jī)高分子inorganic organic polymer7金屬有機(jī)聚合物organometallic polymer8兀素局分子element polymer9局聚物high polymer10聚合物Polymer11低聚物Oligomer曾用名齊聚物”。12二聚體Dimer13三聚體Tri

2、mer14調(diào)聚物telomer15預(yù)聚物prepolymer16均聚物homopolymer17無(wú)規(guī)聚合物random polymer18無(wú)規(guī)卷曲聚合物random coiling polymer19頭-頭聚合物head-to-head polymer20頭-尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer21尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer22反式有規(guī)聚合物transtactic polymer23順式啟規(guī)聚合物cistactic polymer24規(guī)整聚合物regular polymer25非規(guī)整聚合物irregular polymer26無(wú)規(guī)立構(gòu)聚合物atactic

3、polymer27全同立構(gòu)聚合物isotactic polymer又稱等規(guī)聚合物”。28間同立構(gòu)聚合物syndiotactic polymer又稱間規(guī)聚合物”。29雜同立構(gòu)聚合物heterotactic polymer又稱異規(guī)聚合物”。30有規(guī)立構(gòu)聚合物stereoregular polymer, tactic polymer又稱宥規(guī)聚合物”。31蘇型雙全同立構(gòu)聚合物threo-diisotactic polymer32蘇型雙間同立構(gòu)聚合物threo-disyndiotactic polymer33赤型雙全同立構(gòu)聚合物erythro-diisotactic polymer34赤型雙間同立構(gòu)聚合

4、物erythro-disyndiotactic polymer35全向間同等量聚合物equitactic polymer36共聚物copolymer37二兀共聚物binary copolymer38三兀共聚物terpolymer39多元聚合物multipolymer40序列共聚物sequential copolymer41多層共聚物multilayer copolymer42多相聚合物multiphase polymer43統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)共聚物statistical copolymer44無(wú)規(guī)共聚物random copolymer45父替共聚物alternating copolymer46周期共聚物

5、periodic copolymer47梯度共聚物gradient copolymer48嵌段共聚物block copolymer又稱“嵌段聚合物(block polymer) 。"49遞變嵌段共聚物tapered block copolymer50兩米嵌段共聚物amphiphilic block copolymer51二嵌段共聚物diblock copolymer52三嵌段共聚物triblock copolymer53多嵌段共聚物segmented copolymer54雜聚物heteropolymer55恒組分共聚物azeotropic copolymer56多組分共聚物mult

6、icomponent copolymer57單分散聚合物monodisperse polymer, uniform polymer58多分散性聚合物polydisperse polymer, non-uniform polymer59高分子共混物polyblend, polymer blend60聚合物-聚合物配合物polymer-polymer complex61聚合物-金屬配合物polymer-metal complex62單股聚合物single-strand polymer63雙股聚合物double-strand polymer64多股聚合物multi-strand polymer65鏈

7、型聚合物chain polymer66碳鏈聚合物carbon chain polymer67雜鏈聚合物heterochain polymer68雜環(huán)局分子heterocyclic polymer69大劃、聚合物macrocyclic polymer70直鏈高分子straight chain polymer71線型聚合物linear polymer72體型聚合物three-dimensional polymer又稱“網(wǎng)絡(luò)聚合物(network polymer) 、"交聯(lián)聚合物(crosslinkedpolymer):'73活性高分子living polymer74反應(yīng)性聚合物r

8、eactive polymer75極性聚合物polar polymer76非極性聚合物non-polar polymer77剛性鏈聚合物rigid chain polymer78半柔性鏈聚合物semi- flexible chain polymer79柔性鏈聚合物flexible chain polymer80剛棒高分子rigid rod polymer81棒狀高分子rodlike polymer82剛-柔嵌段共聚物rod coil block copolymer83樹狀高分子dendrimer, dendritic polymer, tree polymer84刷狀聚合物brush poly

9、mer85線團(tuán)狀聚合物coiling type polymer86花菜狀聚合物cauliflower polymer87螺旋形聚合物helical polymer88錐形共聚物tapered copolymer89梯形聚合物ladder polymer90分段梯形聚合物step ladder polymer91部分梯形聚合物partial ladder polymer92碳環(huán)梯形聚合物carbocyclic ladder polymer93梳形聚合物comb polymer94星形聚合物star polymer95遙爪聚合物telechelic polymer96支化聚合物branched p

10、olymer97超支化聚合物hyperbranched polymer98接枝聚合物graft polymer又稱“接枝共聚物(graft copolymer)。"99核-殼共聚物core shell copolymer100核-殼膠乳聚合物core shell latex polymer54 / 58101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126手性高分子互穿聚合物網(wǎng)絡(luò)半互穿聚合物網(wǎng)絡(luò)異質(zhì)同晶聚合物多晶形聚合物締合聚合物共軻聚合物螯合聚合物遠(yuǎn)螯聚合物螯合型離子交換劑螯合型樹

11、脂紫膠蠶絲骨膠原凝膠明膠黃原膠瓊脂樹膠白蛋白脫氧核糖核酸淀粉直鏈淀粉支鏈淀粉甲殼質(zhì)葡聚糖又稱生膠又稱右旋糖酊”。chiral polymerinterpenetrating polymer networks, IPNsemi-interpenetrating polymer network(SIPN)polyallomerpolycrystalline polymerassociation polymerconjugated polymerchelate polymertelechelic polymerchelating ion-exchangerchelating resinshellac

12、natural silkcollagengelgelatinxanthate gumagar-agargumalbumindeoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA )amylum, starchamyloseamylopectinchitindextran糊精dextrin木素lignin纖維素cellulosea纖維素a cellulose3纖維素3 cellulose丫纖維素丫 cellulose硝酸纖維素cellulose nitrate又稱精化纖維素胺纖維素amine cellulose乙酸纖維素cellulose acetate俗稱醋酸纖維素甲基纖維素methyl ce

13、llulose羥乙基纖維素hydroxyethyl cellulose較甲基纖維素carboxymethyl cellulose天然橡膠natural rubber三葉橡膠Hevea杜仲膠Eucommea rubber古塔波膠Gutta percha合成聚合物synthetic polymer加成聚合物addition polymer通用高分子commodity polymer功能高分子functional polymer仿生高分子biomimetic polymer形狀記，區(qū)高分子shape-memory polymer類酶高分子enzyme like polymer生物高分子biopoly

14、mer生物彈性體bioelastomer生物活性高分子bioactive polymer生物可蝕性高分子bioerodable polymer127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153生物降解高分子 醫(yī)用高分子生物醫(yī)用高分子 高分子藥物 降解性高分子 高性能高分子 高模量聚合物特殊性能高分子 智能聚合物 親水聚合物 疏水聚合物 兩親聚合物 吸水性聚合物 水溶性高分子 大孔聚合物 精細(xì)高分子3聚合物熱解聚合物高熔聚合物 光響應(yīng)高分子 光活性聚合物 光敏聚合物 光彈性聚合物 感光

15、聚合物光致發(fā)光聚合物 電致發(fā)光聚合物 熱敏發(fā)光聚合物biodegradable polymermedical polymerbiomedical polymerpolymer drugdegradable polymerhigh performance polymerhigh modulus polymerspeciality polymerintelligent polymerhydrophilic polymerhydrophobic polymeramphiphilic polymerwater absorbent polymerwater soluble polymermacropor

16、ous polymerfine polymerpolymerpyrolytic polymerdystectic polymerphotoresponsive polymeroptical active polymerphotosensitive polymerphotoelastic polymerphotopolymerphotoluminescence polymerelectroluminescent polymerthermosensitive luminescence polymer又稱特種高分子俗稱米花狀聚合物(popcorn polymer )。1541551561571581

17、59160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181光交聯(lián)聚合物photocrosslinkable polymer182光固化聚合物photocureable polymer183輻射固化聚合物radiation curable polymer184光降解聚合物photodegradable polymer185輻射降解聚合物radiation-degradable polymer186光電導(dǎo)聚合物photoconductive polymer187導(dǎo)電聚合物conducting polymer188超導(dǎo)聚合

18、物superconductive polymer189高分子半導(dǎo)體semiconducting polymer190電活性聚合物electroactive polymer191壓電局分子piezoelectric polymer192熱電性高分子pyroelectric polymer193電致變色聚合物electrochromic polymer194磁性聚合物magnetic polymer195超離了導(dǎo)電聚合物super ion-conductive polymer196鐵磁聚合物ferromagnetic polymer197鐵電聚合物ferroelectric polymer198燒

19、蝕聚合物ablative polymer199局分十離十macroion200聚合物駐極體polymer electret201高分子添加劑polymeric additive202液晶高分子liquid crystal polymer203溶致液晶高分子lyotropic liquid crystalline polymer204熱致液晶高分子thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer205側(cè)鏈型液晶聚合物side chain liquid crystalline polymer206主鏈型液晶聚合物main chain liquid crystallin

20、e polymer207高分子催化劑polymer catalyst208高分子載體polymeric carrier, polymer support209高分子試劑polymer reactant, polymer reagent210離子交聯(lián)聚合物ionomer211離子交換聚合物ion exchange polymer212離子交換樹脂ion exchange resin213止離子父換樹脂cation exchange resin214負(fù)離子父換樹脂anion exchange resin215大網(wǎng)絡(luò)樹脂macroreticular resin216離子聚合物ionic polyme

21、r217聚電解質(zhì)polyelectrolyte又稱高分子電解質(zhì)(polymer elec-trolyte)。"218兩性聚電解質(zhì)polyampholyte, polyamphoteric electrolyte219聚合物溶劑polymer solvent220樹脂resin221熱敏性樹脂thermally sensitive resin222天然樹脂natural resin223熱塑性樹脂thermoplastic resin224熱固性樹脂thermosetting resin225塑性體plastomer226燒類樹脂hydrocarbon resin227石油樹脂petr

22、oleum resin228苗樹脂indene resin229苯并吠喃-苗樹脂coumarone-indene resin230菇烯樹脂terpene resin231丙烯睛-.二烯-苯乙烯 樹脂acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin簡(jiǎn)稱“AB削脂”。232丙烯睛-苯乙烯樹脂acrylonitrile styrene resin (AS)233丙烯酸酯類樹脂acrylic resin234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258氟碳樹脂fluorocar

23、bon resin縮醛樹脂acetal resin縮甲醛樹脂methylal resin箱丁醛樹脂butyral resin酚醛樹脂phenol-formaldehyde resin, phenolic resin甲階酚醛樹脂resol又叫“可溶酚醛樹脂”。乙階酚醛樹脂resitol又叫“半熔酚醛樹脂”。丙階酚醛樹脂resite又叫不溶不熔酚醛樹脂”?？啡渲琭urfural resin糠醛苯酚樹脂furfural phenol resin苯酚醛樹脂phenol ether resin吠喃樹脂furan resin氨基樹脂amino resin月尿醛樹脂urea-formaldehyde re

24、sin聚月尿樹脂carbamide resin又叫 碳酰胺樹脂”。尿素樹脂urea resin三聚鼠胺樹脂Aminotriazine resin三聚鼠胺-甲醛樹脂melamine-formaldehyde resin, melamineresin聚酯類樹脂polyester resin醇酸樹脂alkyd resin烯丙基樹脂allyl resin有機(jī)硅樹脂silicone resin氟樹脂fluoroethylene resin環(huán)氧樹脂epoxy resin脂肪族環(huán)氧樹脂aliphatic epoxy resin25926026126226326426526626726826927027127

25、2273274275276277278279280281282283284285雙酚A環(huán)氧樹脂氧化還原樹脂烯類聚合物雙烯聚合物烯煌共聚物乙烯基聚合物聚烯煌聚乙烯超高分子量聚乙烯高密度聚乙烯低密度聚乙烯線型低密度聚乙烯超低密度聚乙烯長(zhǎng)支鏈聚乙烯聚丙烯全同立構(gòu)聚丙烯聚1-丁烯聚異丁烯聚4-甲基-1-戊烯聚（1-辛烯）聚苯乙烯高抗沖聚苯乙烯聚乙快丙烯酸酯類聚合物聚丙烯酸聚丙烯酸鹽聚丙烯酸酯bisphenol A epoxy resinredox resinvinyl polymerdiene polymerolefine copolymer (OCP)vinyl polymerpolyolefinp

26、olyethyleneultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, UHMWPEhigh density polyethylene, HDPElow density polyethylene, LDPElinear low density polyethylene, LLDPEultra low density polyethylene, ULDPElong chain branched polyethylenepolypropylene又稱等規(guī)聚丙烯isotactic polypropylene(iPP )poly(1-butene)polyisobuty

27、lenepoly(4-methyl-1-pentene)poly(1-octene)polystyrenehigh impact polystyrene, HIPSpolyacetyleneacrylic polymerpoly(acrylic acid)polyacrylatepolyacrylate286聚甲基內(nèi)烯酸酯polymethacrylate287聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯poly( methyl methacrylate)288乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)289聚乳酸poly(lactic acid) , polylac

28、tide290聚（伊氨基丙酸）poly( 3 alanine)又稱尼龍3"、聚酰 胺3”。291聚（氨基己酸）poly( w amino caproic acid)又稱尼龍6"、聚酰 胺6”。292聚（8-氨基辛酸）poly(8 amino caprylic acid)又稱尼龍8"、聚酰 胺8”。293聚胱氨酸polycysteine294聚谷氨酸poly(glutamic acid)又叫聚2-氨基戊二 酸”。295聚甘氨酸polyglycine296聚丙烯睛polyacrylonitrile297聚乙酸乙烯酯poly( vinyl acetate)俗稱“聚醋酸乙

29、烯 酯”。298聚乙二醇poly(oxyethylene glycol)299聚乙烯醇poly(vinyl alcohol)300聚乙烯醇縮甲醛poly(vinyl formal)301聚乙烯醇縮.醛poly(vinyl butyral)302聚氯乙烯poly(vinyl chloride)303聚1,2-二氯亞乙烯poly(vinylene chloride)304聚偏二氯乙烯poly(vinylidene chloride)又稱聚偏二氯乙 烯”。305聚氟乙烯poly(vinyl fluoride)306聚偏二氟乙烯poly(vinylidene fluoride)又稱聚偏二氟乙 烯”。3

30、07聚三氟氯乙烯poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene), PCTFE308聚四氟乙烯poly(tetrafluoroethylene)對(duì)于環(huán)烯煌的聚合產(chǎn) 物，由于聚合機(jī)理的 不同，一種是開環(huán)聚 合，一種是保留環(huán)打 開雙鍵的聚合。309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333聚全氟丙烯聚丁二烯1,4-聚丁二烯1,2-聚丁二烯順式-1,4-聚丁二烯反式-1,4-聚丁烯聚環(huán)戊二烯聚異戊二烯1,2-聚異戊二烯3,4-聚異戊二烯順式-1,4-聚異戊二烯反式-1,4-聚異戊二烯聚氯丁

31、二烯開環(huán)聚環(huán)烯燃聚降冰片烯醛類聚合物丙烯醛類聚合物乙快類聚合物丙二烯聚合物二乙快聚合物二烯丙基聚合物偶氮類聚合物氧雜環(huán)丁烷聚合物配位聚合物阻透聚合物poly(perfluoropropene) polybutadiene1,4-polybutadiene1,2-polybutadiene cis-1,4-polybutadiene trans-1,4-polybutadiene polycyclo pentadienepolyiso prene1,2-polyisoprene3,4-polyisoprene cis-1,4-polyisoprenetrans-1,4-polyisoprene

32、polychloroprenepolyalkenamerpolynorbornene aldehyde polymeracrolein polymer acetylenic polymerallene polymer diacetylene polymerdiallyl polymerazo polymeroxetane polymercoordination polymerbarrier polymer334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360氧化性聚合物縮聚物共縮聚物聚竣

33、酸酯聚酯脂肪族聚酯芳香族聚酯共聚酯飽和聚酯不飽和聚酯聚對(duì)苯二甲酸乙二酯聚對(duì)苯二甲酸丁二酯聚對(duì)苯二甲酸對(duì)苯二酯聚碳酸酯雙酚A聚碳酸酯聚酰胺聚醛酰胺聚己內(nèi)酰胺聚己二酰己二胺聚芳酰胺多肽聚醒芳香族聚醍共聚醒嵌段聚醛酯聚甲醛低聚甲醛oxidative polymerpolycondensateintercondensation polymerpolycarboxylatepolyesteraliphatic polyesteraromatic polyestercopolyestersaturated polyesterunsaturated polyesterpoly(ethylene tereph

34、thalate)poly(tetramethyleneterephthalate),poly(butylene terephthalate)poly(p-phenylene terephthalate)polycarbonatebisphenol A polycarbonatepolyamidepoly(ether amide)polycaprolactampoly(hexamethylene adipamide)polyaramide, aromatic polyamidepolypeptidepolyetherpoly (aryl ether)copolyetherblock poly(e

35、ster ether)polyoxymethylene, polyformaldehydeparaformaldehyde又稱多聚甲醛”。361362共聚甲醛聚環(huán)氧乙烷copolyoxymethylenepoly(ethylene oxide)又稱“聚氧化乙烯(polyoxyethylene)。"363聚環(huán)氧丙烷poly(propylene oxide)又稱“聚氧化丙烯(polyoxytrimethyl-ene)O364聚環(huán)氧氯丙烷polyepichlorohydrin365聚四氫吠喃polytetrahydrofuran, polyoxytetramethylene366聚苯醛po

36、lyphenylene oxide又稱聚亞苯醛”。367聚硫醒polythioether368聚硫化物polysulfide369聚對(duì)亞苯確醍poly(p-phenylene sulfide)俗稱聚苯硫醍一。370聚對(duì)亞聚poly(p-phenylene)371聚碉polysulfone372聚芳硼poly(aryl sulfone) (PAS)373聚芳碉酰胺aromatic polysulfonamide374聚醒碉poly(ether sulfone)375聚一聚醒碉poly(diphenyl ether sulfone)376聚酰亞胺polyimide377聚均苯四酰亞胺-1,4-亞p

37、oly(pyromellitimido-1,4-phenylene)苯378聚苯并咪陛polybenzimidazole379聚苯并曝陛polybenzothiazole380聚唾喔咻polyquinoxaline381聚醒酮poly(ether-ketone), PEK382聚醒醒酮poly(ether-ether-ketone), PEEK383聚醒酮酮poly(ether-ketone-ketone), PEKK384聚氨基甲酸酯polyurethane簡(jiǎn)稱聚氨酯”。385聚月尿polyurea386聚醛氨酯poly(ether-urethane)387聚苯胺polyaniline388

38、苯醍聚合物quinone polymer389硅酸鹽聚合物silicate polymer, polysilicate390塑料plastic391塑料合金plastic alloy392工程塑料engineering plastic393增強(qiáng)塑料reinforced plastic394纖維增強(qiáng)塑料fiber reinforced plastic395自增強(qiáng)聚合物self-reinforcing polymer396復(fù)合材料composite397納米復(fù)合材料nanocomposite398分子復(fù)合材料molecular composite399原位復(fù)合材料in situ composite

39、400有機(jī)-無(wú)機(jī)雜化材料organic inorganic hybrid material401混雜復(fù)合材料hybrid composite402橡膠rubber403高彈體elastomer又稱彈性體”。404合成橡膠synthetic rubber405飽和橡膠saturated rubber406不飽和橡膠unsaturated rubber407氫化橡膠hydrogenated rubber408集成橡膠integrated rubber409異戊橡膠isoprene rubber410苯乙烯-異戊一烯-一styrene isoprene butadiene rubber (SIBR)

40、烯橡膠411三元乙丙橡膠ethylene propylene terpolymer, EPT, ethylene又稱“乙丙三元橡propylene diene monomer, EPDM膠”。412二元乙丙橡膠ethylene propylene rubber, EPR, ethylene又稱“乙丙二元橡 膠”。propylenecopolymer, ethylene propylenemonomer, EPM413丁睛橡膠butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, nitrile rubber414氫化丁睛橡膠hydrogenated butadiene-acryloni

41、trile rubber415竣基丁睛橡膠carboxy terminated nitrile rubber416順丁橡膠cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber417基橡膠butyl rubber418鹵化基橡膠halogenated butyl rubber419苯橡膠styrene butadiene rubber, SBR420溶聚.苯橡膠solution polymerized butadiene styrene rubber(SSBR)421乳聚.苯橡膠emulsion polymerized butadiene styrene rubber(ESBR)422氯丁橡

42、膠chloroprene rubber423氯化聚乙烯chlorinated polyethylene (CPE)424氯磺化聚乙烯chlorosulfonated polyethylene425聚硫橡膠polysulfide rubber426丁口比橡膠pyridine butadiene rubber427氟橡膠fluororubber, fluoroelastomer428氟硅橡膠fluorosilicone rubber429氟醍橡膠fluoroether rubber430三嗪氟橡膠fluorinated triazine rubber431亞硝基氟橡膠nitrosofluoro r

43、ubber432硅橡膠silicon rubber433二甲基硅橡膠dimethyl silicone rubber434甲基乙烯基硅橡膠methylvinyl silicone rubber435室溫硫化硅橡膠room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber436丙烯酸酯橡膠acrylate rubber437聚氨酯橡膠polyurethane rubber438氯醛橡膠epichloro-hydrin rubber439硫化橡膠vulcanized rubber, vulcanizate440粉末橡膠powdered rubber441液體橡膠liqu

44、id rubber442熱塑T彈性體thermoplastic elastomer443苯乙烯-一烯-苯乙烯styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer嵌段共聚物(SBS)444苯乙烯-一烯-苯乙烯styrene isoprene styrene block copolymer嵌段共聚物(SIS)445撓性聚合物flexomer446橡膠改性塑料rubber modified plastics, rubberresin blends447纖維fiber448天然纖維natural fiber449初生纖維as-formed fiber450原纖fibril

45、451半合成纖維semi-synthetic fiber452合成纖維synthetic fiber453化學(xué)纖維chemical fiber454單組分纖維homofiber455異質(zhì)復(fù)合纖維heterofiber456粘膠纖維viscose fiber457聚酰胺纖維polyamide fiber又稱錦綸“、尼龍”。458聚芳酰胺纖維aramid fiber又稱芳綸"芳香尼龍”。459聚酯纖維polyester fiber又稱滌綸”。460聚丙烯睛纖維acrylic fiber又稱睛綸”。461聚丙烯纖維polypropylene fiber又稱丙綸”。462聚乙烯醇纖維poly

46、vinyl alcohol fiber463聚乙烯醇縮甲醛纖維formalized PVA fiber又稱維尼綸”。464聚氯乙烯纖維polyvinyl chloride fiber又稱氯綸”。465聚氨酯彈性纖維polyurethane elastic fiber又稱氨綸”。466碳纖維carbon fiber467活性碳纖維active carbon fiber468碳化硼纖維boron carbide fiber469碳納米管carbon nano-tube470全纖維素hollocellulose471組合纖維conjugate fiber472改性纖維differential fib

47、er俗稱差別纖維473納米纖維nano-fiber474功能纖維functional fiber475光導(dǎo)纖維photoconductive fiber476激光光纖laser fiber477粘合劑adhesive又稱膠粘劑”。478熱熔膠melt adhesive479反應(yīng)性熱熔膠reactive heat-melting adhesive480厭氧黏合劑anaerobic adhesive481壓敏型黏合劑pressure sensitive adhesive482涂料coating483功能涂料functional coating484油漆paint05.2 聚合匕高分子化學(xué)反應(yīng)1 單體monomer2 官能度f(wàn)unctionality3平均官能度average functionality4雙官能基單體bifu