語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)策略

1、SECTION FIVE第五部分Language Learning Strategies語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)策略For ParentsKids whose parents take an active interest in their childs education will be much more likely to become successful language learners. Let them know that you care by communicating with them regularly about what they are learning at EF. Rega

2、rdless of your own English level, the strategies below can help you guide your child to improve their English language skills. Use the points below to coach your child. (TIP: Successful language learners have intensive and extensive exposure to the target language. Look for opportunities to develop

3、your childs skills outside of the classroom).致家長(zhǎng)的話如果家長(zhǎng)在孩子教育中是積極參與的態(tài)度，那對(duì)孩子的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)是非常有益的。經(jīng)常與他們溝通，讓他們知道你很關(guān)心他們?cè)贓F的學(xué)習(xí)情況。不管你的英語(yǔ)程度如何，以下介紹的技巧都有助于你引導(dǎo)你的孩子提高他們學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的技巧。運(yùn)用以下幾點(diǎn)來(lái)教導(dǎo)你的孩子。（小帖示： 成功的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者對(duì)目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言都有廣度和深度的接觸。為孩子在課堂外尋找機(jī)會(huì)提高學(xué)習(xí)技巧。）Reading Strategies1. Look at the task/questions before reading.2. Look at the title

4、, headings and any photos or illustrations before reading. Read the first paragraph and the last paragraph. Can you predict what the text might be about before reading the full text? (N.B.: The first sentence of a paragraph will usually give you a general idea of the whole paragraph.)3. On your firs

5、t reading, try to understand as much as possible without using a dictionary.4. Skim to find the general idea of the whole text. Fast repeated reading is more effective than slow careful reading.5. Scan to find key words. Read around the key words to find the answer to the comprehension questions or

6、to guess the meaning of unknown words. For any unknown words consider the following:a) What part of speech is it?b) Is it a positive or negative word?c) What is the context of the paragraph or sentence?閱讀技巧1. 閱讀前先看問(wèn)題。2. 閱讀前先看標(biāo)題，圖片或者說(shuō)明。先看第一段和最后一段在你閱讀前，你可以估計(jì)出文章大意嗎？（一般每段的第一句告訴你整段的大意）3. 第一次閱讀時(shí)，盡量多的去理解，而

7、不是查字典。4. 快速瀏覽尋找文章大意，快速反復(fù)閱讀比慢速閱讀更有效率。5. 快速查找關(guān)鍵詞。圍繞關(guān)鍵詞查找問(wèn)題答案或猜出生詞意思，對(duì)于生詞可以考慮下列要點(diǎn)：a) 詞性是什么？b) 褒義詞還是貶義詞？c) 段落或句子的上下文是什么？Immerse Yourself in English: Reading1. Access interactive websites on the internet. There are many that are especially relevant to young learners.2. Read the EF Magazine3. Read Graded

8、Readers” (short books written with language graded to the students language level ability). There is a wide range of materials available to meet your childs language level or interests. They can be found at most English language bookstores or can be ordered online.4. Read to your parent every day (o

9、r, if you know English, you can read to your child.)5. Join a local library6. Subscribe to online English-language newsletters, which are mailed to your inbox讓自己沉浸于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)之中的辦法之一：閱讀1. 在iLAB中做閱讀理解在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上查找你所感興趣的話題的更多相關(guān)信息2. 閱讀EF雜志3. 讀 Graded Readers (根據(jù)學(xué)生語(yǔ)言水平而編寫的短文書籍)。這套書籍有豐富的閱讀材料，一定有適合你孩子的英文水平的書。在大多數(shù)的外文書店

10、都可以買到，或者從因特網(wǎng)上定購(gòu)。4. 每天讀英文給家長(zhǎng)聽（或者，如果你懂英文，你可以讀給孩子聽）5. 去當(dāng)?shù)氐膱D書館6. 加入在線英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言郵件列表，郵件可以直接發(fā)到你的電子郵件Speaking Strategies1. Aim for fluency first and accuracy second!2. Learn delaying words/sounds used by English speakers to give themselves time to think, such as, “er”, “umm”, “well”3. Use a mirror to practice ma

11、king difficult English sounds by repeating after a English audio recording. Pay attention to the shape of your mouth and lips and the position of your tongue.4. Record yourself speaking English and listen afterward, paying attention to stress, intonation and problem sounds. Raising awareness is the

12、first step towards improvement.5. Ask follow-up questions. Keep the other person talking by asking “Why?”, “How did you feel about that?”, “And then what happened?”, etc. 6. Comment on what the other person has said with expressions like, “Really!”, “Exactly!”, “I totally agree”, etc. This also show

13、s the other person that you are listening carefully and are interested in what the other person has to say.7. Ask for repetition or explanation if you need it. “Im sorry, I didnt quite catch that”, “Im sorry, what you do mean exactly?”8. Give reasons for your statements. Try to finish sentences with

14、 because. . . For example, “I like my teacher because shes really friendly”.9. For more cohesive speech, use linking devices to glue sentences together. For example, “On the other hand”, “Despite”, “On a similar note”口語(yǔ)技巧1. 先流利，再準(zhǔn)確！2. 學(xué)會(huì)使用延時(shí)詞，英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人通常使用延遲詞來(lái)?yè)Q得更多的思考時(shí)間。例如：er, umm, well3. 在聽錄音來(lái)練習(xí)發(fā)一些較難的

15、發(fā)音時(shí)，用鏡子來(lái)幫助練習(xí)。注意你的唇形，口形以及舌頭的位置。4. 把你說(shuō)的話錄下來(lái)，然后聽。注意重音，語(yǔ)調(diào)，和問(wèn)題發(fā)音。提高的第一步是了解。5. 問(wèn)深入性問(wèn)題。通過(guò)問(wèn)“為什么？”“你怎么認(rèn)為？”“人后發(fā)生了什么？”這一類的問(wèn)題讓對(duì)方繼續(xù)談下去。6. 富有表情的對(duì)對(duì)方的言論發(fā)表看法。比如：“真的！”“很好！”“我完全同意”這可以讓對(duì)方覺得你在認(rèn)真聆聽并對(duì)他所說(shuō)的話感興趣。7. 如果你不清楚對(duì)方在說(shuō)什么，要求對(duì)方重復(fù)或解釋?！皩?duì)不起，我不是很明白。”“對(duì)不起，你得意思到底是什么？”8. 為你的說(shuō)法提出理由。使用“因?yàn)椤眮?lái)結(jié)束句子。例如：“我喜歡我的老師因?yàn)樗苡押?。?. 為了更有連貫性，使用連接

16、詞來(lái)連接句子。例如：“另一方面來(lái)說(shuō)”“盡管”“與此相似的是.”Immerse Yourself in English: Speaking1. Attend SMART Club regularly for extra language exposure2. Try speaking to your family and friends in English3. Try to use English at all times in class, even when speaking to your classmates4. Help foreign visitors to your city5.

17、 Visit places where there are likely to be English speakers. English Corners can be found in most cities in China. Public places such as bookstores or parks often hold free English Corners. Dont be shy. Go along and take part. Ask questions. 6. Daydream: think how you would express yourself in Engli

18、sh in a variety of situations. Create fantasy dialogues and imaginary encounters in English讓自己沉浸于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)之中的辦法之二：會(huì)話1. 定期參加Life Club以增加語(yǔ)言接觸的機(jī)會(huì)。2. 嘗試與你的家人和朋友用英語(yǔ)交談。3. 在課堂中盡量全部說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，即使在和你同學(xué)說(shuō)話時(shí)候也要說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。4. 幫助你城市旅游的外國(guó)朋友。5. 去講英語(yǔ)的人可能去的地方。在中國(guó)大多數(shù)地方都可找到英語(yǔ)國(guó)家來(lái)的人。在公共場(chǎng)所如書店，公園等地方經(jīng)常有英語(yǔ)角。去參與，問(wèn)問(wèn)題。6. 進(jìn)行假象：想象你在不同的情況下如何用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)自己的想法

19、。想象用英語(yǔ)如何進(jìn)行完美的虛擬對(duì)話。Listening Strategies 1. Predict:a) What do you know about the topic before listening?b) What do you know about the speakers? What are they likely to say?c) What can you guess about the listening from visual support, the context, any gestures or facial expressions?2. Plan:a) Read an

20、y tasks or comprehension questions before you listenb) Think about possible answers3. As you listen:a) First listen for overall meaning, then listen for specific informationb) Dont translatec) Listen for clues in background noises, character/speakers, tone of voice.聽力技巧1. 預(yù)測(cè)：a) 在聽之前你了解多少有關(guān)話題的內(nèi)容？b) 你

21、了解聽力內(nèi)容中的說(shuō)話的人嗎？你認(rèn)為他們會(huì)說(shuō)些什么？c) 從屏幕視圖，文字，手勢(shì)語(yǔ)及人物面部表情上你可以推測(cè)出聽力的內(nèi)容嗎？2. 準(zhǔn)備：a) 在做聽力前閱讀所有聽力的任務(wù)和聽力理解問(wèn)題。b) 思考可能性的答案。3. 聽的過(guò)程：a) 初次聽大概意思，然后聽具體的信息。b) 不要將聽力內(nèi)容翻譯成中文。c) 從背景音及說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)調(diào)得到一些話外音及線索。Immerse Yourself in English: Listening1. Listen to songs in English. These, along with the lyrics, can often be downloaded from

22、 the internet.2. Watch animated films on DVDs with language options. Choose films and TV programs in English suitable to your age and level: (This will also help you understand different English-speaking cultures)a) Watch films with stories you are already familiar with. This will help you focus on

23、the language rather than the plotb) Use English subtitles 3. Access radio websites4. At home, listen to the CD accompanying your EF course book讓自己沉浸于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)之中的辦法之三：聽力練習(xí)1. 聽英文歌曲（借助英語(yǔ)歌曲歌詞）。包括歌詞，這可從網(wǎng)站lyrics下載。2. 觀看英語(yǔ)DVD及英文電視。（這可以幫助你理解不同英語(yǔ)國(guó)家文化的差異）a) 選擇觀看你熟悉劇情的英文電影，這有助于你學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言本身b) 利用英文字幕3 瀏覽并收聽英文網(wǎng)絡(luò)電臺(tái)。4 在家聽與課本

24、配套的CD。Writing Strategies1. Write down all of your ideas quickly2. Think about the language you will need.3. Organize your notes into a logical structure (beginning, middle, end)4. Organize your sentences into paragraphs. Start paragraphs with topic sentences and then follow with sentences that give

25、examples, analogies, arguments, statistics, anecdotes, etc to support the topic of the paragraph.5. Write6. Read and check7. Make necessary changes寫作技巧1. 快速寫下你的所有想法。2. 思考你將使用的語(yǔ)言。3. 將所有的思考要點(diǎn)組織成有邏輯的段落結(jié)構(gòu)（前，中及結(jié)為）。4. 將你所思考的句子組合成段落，起始段落先指出話題，然后給出例子，分析主體，列出分歧，羅列重點(diǎn)等以支撐主題段落。5. 寫作。6. 閱讀并檢查。7. 進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的修改。Immerse

26、Yourself in English: Writing1. For lower levels, copy new words ten times each. This improves handwriting and reinforces word recognition and spelling.2. For higher levels, notice the layout and format of a variety of text types. Pay attention to any formulaic language and try to incorporate it into

27、 your own writing3. Keep a journal 4. Visit chat rooms and meet new friends by writing in English online5. Send e-mails 6. Send SMS messages 7. Use Instant Messenger in English讓自己沉浸于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)之中的辦法之四：寫作1. 對(duì)于較初級(jí)者，抄寫每個(gè)新詞十次。這有助于書寫，提高單詞的認(rèn)識(shí)和拼寫。2. 對(duì)于較高級(jí)者，留意不同文體的格式。著重留意格式化的語(yǔ)言，并盡量將其用于自己的寫作中。3. 經(jīng)常閱讀英文雜志。4. 訪問(wèn)在線英語(yǔ)聊

28、天室進(jìn)行文字聊天，通過(guò)英文文字寫作聊天結(jié)交更多的新朋友。5. 發(fā)送英文電子郵件。6. 發(fā)送英文手機(jī)短信。7. 使用英文進(jìn)行及時(shí)信息交流（OICQ, MSN）。Immerse Yourself in English: Vocabulary1. Put stickers around the house labeling objects you have recently learned. This helps to bring language alive and provides day-to-day exposure.2. Teach an adult what you learned in

29、 class. Look at the pages you studied in your course book. Identify the pictures and name objects3. Make a personal dictionary. In a notebook, write a letter of the alphabet at the top of each page. Start with A and end with Z. Record new words learnt at EF or at school on the appropriate page. Draw

30、 pictures to illustrate the meaning. Give the Chinese translation or use the work in a sentence. This can be a great way to review.4. For higher levels, record language in chunks and phrases5. For higher levels, look for clues in the word that indicate what the word means (like prefixes and suffixes

31、)讓自己沉浸于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)之中的辦法之四：詞匯1. 在房間里貼滿你所學(xué)過(guò)的單詞。這有助于你讓英語(yǔ)生動(dòng)起來(lái)，以及每天接觸英語(yǔ)。2. 教一個(gè)成年人你在教室里學(xué)到的內(nèi)容?？梢钥粗愕恼n本說(shuō)出你學(xué)過(guò)的東西。3. 制作你的“個(gè)人詞典”，在一個(gè)筆記本的每一頁(yè)的上方寫一個(gè)字母，按照字母表的順序，從A開始到Z。你可以把在EF學(xué)校學(xué)過(guò)的新單詞按照順序在每頁(yè)中記錄下來(lái)，還可以畫圖來(lái)說(shuō)明其意思，可以寫出中文翻譯或用這個(gè)單詞造個(gè)句。這是很好的復(fù)習(xí)方法。4. 對(duì)于高級(jí)別的學(xué)生，建議記錄段落和短語(yǔ)。5. 對(duì)于高級(jí)別的學(xué)生，尋找一些生詞的線索，它可以指引你理解生詞的意思 （比如前綴和后綴）。Pronunciation發(fā)音Som

32、e sounds dont exist in Chinese and cause many problems for English learners. Try to find out the correct mouth and tongue positions for making these sounds and practice saying words containing them.有些英語(yǔ)發(fā)音在漢語(yǔ)中是不存在的，很多英語(yǔ)初學(xué)者為此而困擾。盡量嘗試去發(fā)現(xiàn)這些發(fā)音的正確口型及舌頭位置，并通過(guò)反復(fù)訓(xùn)練來(lái)鞏固正確的發(fā)音。To the parent:1. All students have

33、active and passive knowledge. This means that students can understand and recognize more than they can say or write.2. Focus on what children know rather than what they have forgotten. Students often personalize new words. Lilly might remember “doll”, “skipping rope” while Tom remembers words like “

34、dinosaur”, “robot”.3. When children acquire their mother tongue, they understand and speak before they are capable of reading and writing. This is also true when learning a foreign language.4. Foreign language learners often go through a silent phase when beginning to learn a language. This is normal. They are listening and noticing language. When they are ready, they will speak. 5. Learners n