畢業(yè)論文-杠桿的加工工藝及專用卡規(guī)的設(shè)計(jì)

1、鄭州電力職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)題目: 杠桿的加工工藝及專用卡規(guī)的設(shè)計(jì)系 別: 機(jī)電工程系 專 業(yè): 數(shù)控技術(shù) 班 級(jí): 數(shù)控二班 姓 名: 學(xué) 號(hào): 指導(dǎo)教師: 景紅芹 28設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書設(shè)計(jì)題目：杠桿的加工工藝及專用卡規(guī)的設(shè)計(jì) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容及要求：畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容、順序和要求1. 目錄2. 摘要 3.正文：1）.闡明設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)械加工工藝規(guī)程的目的、意義和預(yù)期效果。2）.繪制零件圖（畫出平面圖與實(shí)體圖）。3）.對(duì)零件進(jìn)行工藝分析（包括零件的作用、技術(shù)要求和加工工藝性）。4）.選擇毛坯材料、制造方法和要求。5）.擬訂零件的機(jī)械加工工藝過程： 包括選擇定位基準(zhǔn)、加工階段劃分、加工順序及方法、兩種工序

2、方案的比較和分析 選擇主要工序加工設(shè)備、確定各工序切削用量及工序尺寸等。6）、關(guān)鍵工序的工裝設(shè)計(jì)、方案選擇與計(jì)算。7).填寫工藝規(guī)程文件：機(jī)械加工工藝過程綜合卡片、關(guān)鍵工序工藝卡片。 8).結(jié)束語9).參考文獻(xiàn)(包括與設(shè)計(jì)有關(guān)的書、期刊、報(bào)告等) 10).要求文字和圖形要清淅、完整、正確、合理，圖形一律用所學(xué)軟件繪制，圖幅大小視 零件大小自行決定。 需要上交的材料： （1）零件圖、實(shí)體圖 （2）零件毛坯圖 （3）關(guān)鍵工序工裝圖 （4）零件加工工藝規(guī)程綜合卡片 （5）零件加工工藝規(guī)程工序卡片（含目錄卡片、工序卡片、檢驗(yàn)卡片、成檢卡片） （6）畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書一份，一律用A4紙、縱向打印.。 完成時(shí)

3、間: 2013年05月 前言 機(jī)械的加工工藝及專用卡規(guī)的設(shè)計(jì)是在完成了大學(xué)的全部課程之后，進(jìn)行的一次理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際的綜合運(yùn)用，使我對(duì)專業(yè)知識(shí)，技能有了進(jìn)一步的提高，為以后從事專業(yè)技術(shù)的工作打下基礎(chǔ)。機(jī)械加工工藝是實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)，保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、節(jié)約能源、降低成本的重要手段，是企業(yè)進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備，計(jì)劃調(diào)度、加工操作、生產(chǎn)安全、技術(shù)檢測(cè)和健全勞動(dòng)組織的重要依據(jù)，也是企業(yè)上品種、上質(zhì)量、上水平，加速產(chǎn)品更新提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的技術(shù)保證。同時(shí)，好的夾具設(shè)計(jì)可以提高產(chǎn)品勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率，保證和提高加工精度，降低生產(chǎn)成本。當(dāng)今激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和企業(yè)信息化的要求，企業(yè)對(duì)夾具的設(shè)計(jì)與制造提出了更高的要求。所以機(jī)械的加工工藝及夾具設(shè)

4、計(jì)對(duì)即將進(jìn)入工廠的機(jī)械類畢業(yè)生來說很必要。 在夾具設(shè)計(jì)過程中，通常是解決如下問題：表面加工方法的確定、定位基準(zhǔn)及定位方法的選擇、夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)的選擇、夾具各零件的布置、加工精度的保證等。一個(gè)好的夾具是將這些問題很好的協(xié)調(diào)好的一個(gè)統(tǒng)一整體，在此次的夾具設(shè)計(jì)也正是向著這個(gè)目標(biāo)靠近。 目錄 第一部分 零件的技術(shù)要求及工藝分析71杠桿（二）的技術(shù)要求7零件的技術(shù)要求72零件的工藝分析7第二部分 確定零件毛坯81毛坯種類的選擇：82. 毛坯余量確定8第三部分 工藝路線的制定91、基準(zhǔn)的選擇92各個(gè)表面加工方法的選擇93. 加工順序的安排11加工階段的劃分11工序集中與分散114工序順序的安排11(1) 機(jī)械加

5、工工序11(2)熱處理工序及表面處理工序的安排12(3)輔助工序安排12（4）. 詳細(xì)工藝過程的制定，參考教材P261中的表6-13。12第四部分 余量和工序尺寸的確定131. 孔和軸的余量和工序尺寸（工序基準(zhǔn)不變的工序尺寸計(jì)算）132.工步計(jì)算14第五部分 工藝裝備、切削用量和工時(shí)14第六部分 填寫機(jī)械加工工序卡18表格參考P255頁表6-1218第七部分 專用卡規(guī)的設(shè)計(jì)··················

6、3;··································第八部分 設(shè)計(jì)心得··············&

7、#183;···········································第九部分 參考文獻(xiàn)····

8、3;·················································

9、3;···零件工藝規(guī)程的設(shè)計(jì)綱要及步驟第一部分 零件的技術(shù)要求及工藝分析1杠桿（二）的技術(shù)要求零件的技術(shù)要求加工表面尺寸及偏差/mm公差/mm及精度等級(jí)表面粗糙度Ra形位公差/mm28H7孔加工20H71.610H7孔加工10H71.62零件的工藝分析分析零件圖可知，杠桿零件中的10H7、28H7孔的外端面均要求銑削加工,并在軸向方向上均高于相鄰表面，這樣既減少了加工面積，又提高了其接觸剛度；10H7和28H7孔的端面均為平面，可以防止加工過程中鉆頭偏離，以保證加工精度；另外，該零件除主要工作表面外，其余表面加工精度較低，不需要高精度機(jī)床加工，通過銑削、鉆床的粗加

10、工就可以達(dá)到加工要求；而主要工作表面雖然加工精度相對(duì)較高，但也可以在正常的生產(chǎn)條件下，采用較經(jīng)濟(jì)的方法保質(zhì)保量的加工出來。由此可見，該零件的工藝性較好。第二部分 確定零件毛坯1毛坯種類的選擇：根據(jù)零件材料、結(jié)構(gòu)和大小選擇毛坯種類零件材料是QT45-5。零件年產(chǎn)量為中批量，而且零件加工的輪廓尺寸不大，在考慮提高生產(chǎn)率保證加工精度后可采用鑄造成型中的金屬模鑄造。零件形狀復(fù)雜，因此毛坯形狀可以與零件的形狀盡量接近，10H7孔不鑄出，中間28H7大孔鑄出。毛坯尺寸通過確定加工余量后再?zèng)Q定。2. 毛坯余量確定分析本零件，所有加工表面Ra1.6，因此這些表面的毛坯尺寸只需將零件的尺寸加上所查得的余量即可加

11、工表面基本尺寸加工余量等級(jí)加工余量/mm說明毛坯公差/mm毛坯尺寸/mm10H7兩孔外端面15mmCT81.25單邊余量1.116.25 ()28H7孔外端面15mmCT81.25單邊余量1.116.25 ()10H7孔上端面48.5mmCT93.0單邊余量251.5 ()毛坯圖第三部分 工藝路線的制定1、基準(zhǔn)的選擇根據(jù)該杠桿零件的技術(shù)要求和裝配要求,對(duì)于精基準(zhǔn)而言，主要考慮到基準(zhǔn)重合的問題，當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)基準(zhǔn)與工藝基準(zhǔn)不重合時(shí)，應(yīng)該進(jìn)行尺寸換算，本題目以28H7的孔為精基準(zhǔn)，基本滿足要求。粗基準(zhǔn)的選擇重點(diǎn)考慮到既要保證在各加工面均有加工余量的前提下，使重要孔或面的加工余量盡量均勻，又要保證定位夾緊的

12、可靠性，裝夾的方便性，減少輔助時(shí)間，所以選杠桿零件28H7孔及10H7孔外端面為粗基準(zhǔn)。2各個(gè)表面加工方法的選擇1、杠桿零件中零件28H7、10H7孔的外端面，它是毛坯鑄造出來之后第一個(gè)加工的端面，此面將作為粗基準(zhǔn)，表面粗糙度為3.2。根據(jù)表面粗糙度要求我們采取粗銑、半精銑的加工方式，即節(jié)省時(shí)間又能達(dá)到技術(shù)要求。2、10孔上端面，表面粗糙度為3.2，根據(jù)表面粗糙度要求我們采取粗銑的加工方式。5、28H7孔加工，它將作為精基準(zhǔn)以完成以后的加工，為達(dá)到題目要求我們采取粗?jǐn)U精擴(kuò)鉸的工序過程，最終完成28H7孔加工。6、加工時(shí)對(duì)于28H7孔有平行度要求，表面粗糙度為1.6，根據(jù)表面粗糙度要求我們采取鉆

13、精鉸的加工方式。7、10孔加工，表面粗糙度為12.5，根據(jù)表面粗糙度要求我們采取鉆孔就能達(dá)到要求。8、缺口的加工，表面粗糙度為12.5，根據(jù)表面粗糙度要求我們采取粗車就能達(dá)到要求。各表面加工方案如下表加工表面尺寸精度等級(jí)表面粗超度Ra/m加工方案?jìng)渥?8H7、10H7孔外端面IT73.2粗銑半精銑10H7孔上端面IT712.5粗銑28H7孔加工IT71.6粗?jǐn)U精擴(kuò)鉸10H7孔加工IT71.6鉆精鉸3. 加工順序的安排加工階段的劃分該杠桿加工質(zhì)量要求一般，可將加工階段劃分成粗加工和精加工兩個(gè)階段。在粗加工階段，首先將精基準(zhǔn)（28H7孔）準(zhǔn)備好，使后續(xù)工序都可采用精基準(zhǔn)定位加工，保證其他加工表面的

14、精度要求；然后粗銑三個(gè)圓孔的外端面、粗銑10孔上端面在精加工階段，進(jìn)行三個(gè)圓孔的外端面的半精銑、工序集中與分散在生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)一確定成批生產(chǎn)的情況下，考慮到經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，工藝簡(jiǎn)單，盡量降低成本等因素我們采用工序集中。該杠桿的生產(chǎn)類型為中批生產(chǎn)，可以采用萬用型機(jī)床配以專用工、夾具，以提高生產(chǎn)率；而且運(yùn)用工序集中原則使工件的裝夾次數(shù)少，不但可縮短輔助時(shí)間，而且由于在一次裝夾中加工了許多表面，有利于保證各加工表面之間的相對(duì)位置精度要求。4工序順序的安排(1) 機(jī)械加工工序表3.2 撥叉機(jī)械加工工序安排（初擬）工序號(hào)工 序 內(nèi) 容簡(jiǎn) 要 說 明10半精銑28H7、10H7孔外端面“先基準(zhǔn)后其他” 20粗銑兩孔之

15、間的表面“先面后孔”、“先主后次”30擴(kuò)粗鉸精鉸28H7孔“先面后孔” 、“先主后次”40檢驗(yàn)50粗銑10孔上端面“先主后次”(2)熱處理工序及表面處理工序的安排1、鑄造成型后，為改善工件材料切削性能和消除毛坯內(nèi)應(yīng)力而安排的熱處理工序：時(shí)效處理。2、在粗加工之后，為消除切削加工過程中工件的內(nèi)應(yīng)力而安排的熱處理工序：人工時(shí)效處理(3)輔助工序安排在粗加工和熱處理后，安排去毛刺；在精加工后，安排去毛刺、清洗和終檢工序。綜上所述：該杠桿工序的安排順序?yàn)椋夯鶞?zhǔn)加工主要表面粗加工及一些余量大的表面粗加工熱處理主要表面精加工。4. 詳細(xì)工藝過程的制定，參考教材P261中的表6-13。杠桿工藝路線及設(shè)備、工

16、裝的選用工序號(hào)工序名稱機(jī)床設(shè)備刀具量具1粗銑28H7、10H7孔外端面立式銑床X51端銑刀游標(biāo)卡尺2半精銑,精銑28H7、10H7孔外端面立式銑床X51端銑刀游標(biāo)卡尺3擴(kuò)、粗鉸、精鉸28H7孔立式鉆床ZX525麻花鉆、擴(kuò)孔鉆、鉸刀卡尺、塞規(guī)4粗銑兩10H7孔之間的表面立式銑床X51端銑刀游標(biāo)卡尺5去毛刺鉗工臺(tái)平銼6檢驗(yàn)塞規(guī)、百分尺、卡尺等7粗銑10孔上端面立式銑床X51端銑刀游標(biāo)卡尺8粗銑缺口立式銑床X51端銑刀游標(biāo)卡尺9鉆精鉸10H7孔立式鉆床ZX525麻花鉆、擴(kuò)孔鉆卡尺、塞規(guī)10鉆10孔立式鉆床ZX525麻花鉆塞規(guī)11清洗清洗機(jī)12終檢塞規(guī)、百分表、卡尺等5. 填寫機(jī)械加工工藝過程卡，表格

17、參考教材P253中的表6-10。第四部分 余量和工序尺寸的確定1. 孔和軸的余量和工序尺寸（工序基準(zhǔn)不變的工序尺寸計(jì)算）確定加工余量：由表2-1和2-5查得對(duì)于中批生產(chǎn)，采用金屬型鑄造成型，取其尺寸公差等級(jí)為7級(jí)，加工余量等級(jí)為F級(jí).1. 由表2-35（平面粗加工余量），查得：上端面的加工余量為3mm2. 由表3-15（直柄立銑刀），查得：銑刀的直徑為10.0mm.2. 平面及軸向尺寸的余量和工序尺寸（工序基準(zhǔn)變化的工序尺寸計(jì)算）杠桿尺寸公差零件毛坯尺寸公差10H7兩孔外端面 16.25mm0.1428H7孔外端面 30.25mm0.142.工步計(jì)算4.3.1加工端面工序（1）、背吃刀量的確定

18、 ：一次走刀，ap=51.5-48.5=3（2）、進(jìn)給量確定：由表5-7，按機(jī)床功率510kw，工件夾具系統(tǒng)剛度為中等條件選取，該工序的每齒進(jìn)給量fz取為0.2mm/z（3）、銑削速度的計(jì)算：由表5-9，按鑲齒銑刀，d/z=80/10的條件選取，銑削速度v可取為40m/min。由公式（5-1）n=1000v/d，n=1000*40/（3.14*80）=159.24r/min，參照表4-15所列X51型立式銑床的主軸轉(zhuǎn)速，取n=160r/min。再將轉(zhuǎn)速帶入公式（5-1），可求出實(shí)際轉(zhuǎn)速v=nd/1000=160*80=40.2m/min。第五部分 工藝裝備、切削用量和工時(shí)內(nèi)容包括：1、工藝裝備

19、包括機(jī)床、刀具和夾具切削用量；2、切削速度、進(jìn)給量和背吃刀量；工序1：粗銑28H7、10H7孔外端面， 1：粗銑28H7、10H7孔外端面1）選用機(jī)床：查工藝手冊(cè)表3.1-73P904可知，選用X52K立式升降臺(tái)銑床2）夾具：專用夾具3）量具：查機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)課程設(shè)計(jì)指南（以下簡(jiǎn)稱設(shè)計(jì)指南）表5-108P174可知，選用量具0-200（0.05）4）刀具：查金屬設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)表10-38P872和10-40P882可知，選用硬質(zhì)合金可轉(zhuǎn)位端銑刀，材料YG6,D=100mm,d=32mm，齒數(shù)Z=5，粗齒銑刀，根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)指南表5-143P197可知，選用前角=，后角=，5）選擇銑刀磨鈍標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及耐用度。根

20、據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)指南表5-148P199和表5-149P200可知，用硬質(zhì)合金端銑刀粗加工，銑刀刀齒后刀面最大磨損量為1mm；銑刀直徑為100mm，耐用度為T=180min。6）確定切削速度和工作臺(tái)每分鐘進(jìn)給量切削深度：=3mm每齒進(jìn)給量：=0.2mm/z，根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)指南表5-144P197可查銑削寬度：=35mm切削速度：查設(shè)計(jì)指南表2-17P32可知，查表得知，其中=245，=180，m=0.32，=3，=0.15，=0.35，=0.2，=0，=1代入公式得=85.12mm/min=1.42m/s機(jī)床主軸轉(zhuǎn)速：按機(jī)床取實(shí)際轉(zhuǎn)速=300r/min，根據(jù)工藝手冊(cè)表3.1-74P905實(shí)際銑削速度進(jìn)給量：根

21、據(jù)銑床工作臺(tái)進(jìn)給量設(shè)計(jì)指南表5-73P151可知，選擇=250mm/min工作臺(tái)每分進(jìn)給量：6）檢驗(yàn)機(jī)床功率根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)指南表2-18P34可知，式中，=54.5，=0.9，=0.74，=1，=0，=1，=0.83（設(shè)計(jì)指南表2-97）切削工時(shí)：被切削層長(zhǎng)度：由毛坯可知=66mm刀具切入長(zhǎng)度：查工藝手冊(cè)表2.5-10P699或設(shè)計(jì)指南表2-28P40刀具切出長(zhǎng)度：，故取2切削工時(shí)2：半精銑8F9孔的外端面1）選用機(jī)床：查工藝手冊(cè)表3.1-73P904可知，選用X52K立式升降臺(tái)銑床2）夾具：專用夾具3）量具：查機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)課程設(shè)計(jì)指南（以下簡(jiǎn)稱設(shè)計(jì)指南）表5-108P174可知，選用量具0-2

22、00（0.02）4）刀具：查金屬設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)表10-38P872和10-40P882可知，選用硬質(zhì)合金可轉(zhuǎn)位端銑刀，材料YG6,D=100mm,d=32mm，齒數(shù)Z=8，細(xì)齒銑刀5）切削用量：切削深度：=0.5mm每齒進(jìn)給量：=0.7/8=0.09mm/z，根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)指南表5-144P197可知銑削寬度：=35mm切削速度：查設(shè)計(jì)指南表2-17P32可知，查表得知，其中=245，=180（根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)指南表5-149P199可知，m=0.32，=0.5，=0.15，=0.35，=0.2，=0，=1代入公式得=147mm/min=2.45mm/s機(jī)床主軸轉(zhuǎn)速：按機(jī)床取實(shí)際轉(zhuǎn)速=475r/min，根據(jù)工藝手

23、冊(cè)表3.1-74P905實(shí)際銑削速度進(jìn)給量：=213.8mm/min根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)指南表5-73P151可知，選=200mm/min工作臺(tái)每分進(jìn)給量：6）切削工時(shí)：被切削層長(zhǎng)度：由毛坯可知=66mm刀具切入長(zhǎng)度：查工藝手冊(cè)表2.5-10P699或設(shè)計(jì)指南表2-28P40刀具切出長(zhǎng)度：，故取2切削工時(shí)5.1.1基本時(shí)間計(jì)算：根據(jù)表5-43中面銑刀銑平面（對(duì)稱銑削，主偏角）的基本時(shí)間計(jì)算公式可求出該工序的基本時(shí)間。式中； ， ，d=80，l=23， =0.2*10*160=320mm/min，代入解得該工序基本時(shí)間：5.1.2輔助時(shí)間的計(jì)算：輔助時(shí)間與基本時(shí)間之間的關(guān)系為=（0.150.2），取=0.1

24、5則各工序輔助時(shí)間分別為：工序輔助時(shí)間：；5.1.3其他工作的時(shí)間：工序1其他時(shí)間：5.1.4單件時(shí)間的計(jì)算：工序1的單件時(shí)間 第六部分 填寫機(jī)械加工工序卡 表格參考P255頁表6-12 專用卡規(guī)設(shè)計(jì) 根據(jù)對(duì)零件的分析，和 ag an employment tribunal clai Emloyment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you don't agree wi

25、th the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more informu, take advice from one of the organisations listed under Further help. Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but

26、 it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations lis

27、ted under Further help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haven't appealed against the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may

28、 reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal. Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit,

29、the tribunal will not usually accept i. If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as a damages-b

30、ased agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor can't charge you more than 35% of your compensation  if you win the case.you're clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau.  To fin

31、d your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click on nearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, see Employment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch m Cay man Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is

32、 in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City's Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Ya ya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me it's about how he felt and I w

33、ould like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the "racist behaviour of their fans" during City's 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also or

34、dered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA."Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May

35、 be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write som

36、ething. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?；蛟S是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個(gè)不同的日子過成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過去，對(duì)自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來，思緒一直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏。總覺得自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點(diǎn)什么，或者寫點(diǎn)什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生

37、，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three year

38、s later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isn't really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think don't want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when gradu

39、ation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already can't remember his appearance.童年時(shí)，覺得壓歲錢和新衣服是過年必備，但是隨著年齡的推進(jìn)，會(huì)越來越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無；初中時(shí)，以為要有一場(chǎng)暗戀才意味著真正的成長(zhǎng)，但三年過去后，自己心平氣和的寫同學(xué)錄的時(shí)候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長(zhǎng)了，好

40、像并沒有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個(gè)句點(diǎn)，但畢業(yè)晚會(huì)的時(shí)候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場(chǎng)，看著他投過籃球的球框時(shí)，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原來，這個(gè)世界上，對(duì)某個(gè)事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的，除了非做不可的堅(jiān)決，還有，時(shí)間。A person's time, your ide

41、as are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have be

42、en doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一個(gè)人的時(shí)候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒有什么可以撼動(dòng)自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時(shí)候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過自己的怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分，有很多錯(cuò)過，好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強(qiáng)心劑，或者說，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。At the moment,

43、the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that haven't start planning. Those years, those days

44、of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍(lán)格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場(chǎng)還沒有開始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計(jì)劃那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions h

45、ave to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.

46、5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. We often close ourselves off when traumatic events happe

47、n in our lives; instead of letting the world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. We try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesnt exist, but although we can try this all we want, in the end, we cant hide from ourselves. We need to learn to open our hearts to the potential

48、s of life and let the world soften us.生活發(fā)生不幸時(shí)，我們常常會(huì)關(guān)上心門；世界不僅沒能慰藉我們，反倒使我們更加消沉。我們假裝一切仿佛都不曾發(fā)生，以此試圖忘卻傷痛，可就算隱藏得再好，最終也還是騙不了自己。既然如此，何不嘗試打開心門，擁抱生活中的各種可能，讓世界感化我們呢？Whenever we start to let our fears and seriousness get the best of us, we should take a step back and re-evaluate our behavior. The items listed b

49、elow are six ways you can open your heart more fully and completely.當(dāng)恐懼與焦慮來襲時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該退后一步，重新反思自己的言行。下面六個(gè)方法有助于你更完滿透徹地敞開心扉。Whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to embrace it instead of running away or trying to mask the hurt. When the sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it.

50、 When we run away from sadness thats unfolding in our lives, it gets stronger and more real. We take an emotion thats fleeting and make it a solid event, instead of something that passes through us.當(dāng)生活中出現(xiàn)痛苦的事情時(shí)，別再逃跑或隱藏痛苦，試著擁抱它吧；當(dāng)悲傷來襲時(shí)，試著深呼吸，然后直面它。如果我們一味逃避生活中的悲傷，悲傷只會(huì)變得更強(qiáng)烈更真實(shí)悲傷原本只是稍縱即逝的情緒，我們卻固執(zhí)地耿耿于懷By

51、 utilizing our breath we soften our experiences. If we dam them up, our lives will stagnate, but when we keep them flowing, we allow more newness and greater experiences to blossom.深呼吸能減緩我們的感受。屏住呼吸，生活停滯；呼出呼吸，更多新奇與經(jīng)歷又將拉開序幕。2. Embrace the uncomfortable We all know what that twinge of anxiety feels lik

52、e. We know how fear feels in our bodies: the tension in our necks, the tightness in our stomachs, etc. We can practice leaning into these feelings of discomfort and let them show us where we need to go.我們都經(jīng)歷過焦灼的煎熬感，也都感受過恐懼造成的生理反應(yīng)：脖子僵硬、胃酸翻騰。其實(shí)，我們有能力面對(duì)這些痛苦的感受，從中領(lǐng)悟到出路。The initial impulse is to run away

53、 to try and suppress these feelings by not acknowledging them. When we do this, we close ourselves off to the parts of our lives that we need to experience most. The next time you have this feeling of being truly uncomfortable, do yourself a favor and lean into the feeling. Act in spite of the fear.我們的第一反應(yīng)總是逃避以為否認(rèn)不安情緒的存在就能萬事大吉，可這也恰好妨礙了我們經(jīng)歷最需要的生活體驗(yàn)。下次感到不安時(shí)，不管有多害怕，也請(qǐng)?jiān)囍赂颐鎸?duì)吧。3. Ask your heart what it wants傾聽內(nèi)心Were often confused at the next ste