八年級英語上冊語法要點

1、Unit 1 How often do you exercise?Grammar: 特殊疑問句：wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成及用法：結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問詞+ 一般疑問句， 即：特殊疑問詞+be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+謂語/表語（+其他）疑問代詞：1) Who:誰。做主語，用來指人 Who is the boy under the tree?2）Whom 誰，做賓語，用來指人 Whom are you writing to?3) Whose 誰的，用來指所屬關(guān)系，如果做定語，一般后接名詞

2、 Whose pen is this?4) Which 哪個，哪些，用來指對人或物在一定范圍之內(nèi)進行選擇 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lilys?5)What什么，通常指物，也可指人，一般用在沒有指出范圍的情況下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?疑問副詞：When:何時，詢問時間 When will she come back?Where何地，詢問地點， Where do you come from?Why為什么，詢問原因， Why ar

3、e you late for school?How 如何，詢問手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?How old多大，詢問年齡，How old is Jims little brother?How many/much多少，詢問數(shù)量 How many birds are there in the tree?How far多遠，詢問距離， How far is it form your home to school?How long多長，多久，詢問時間的長度或距離 How long will you stay in Beijing?How o

4、ften多長時間按一次，詢問頻率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?How soon多久，詢問時間 How soon will you come back?頻率副詞：表示動作發(fā)生的頻率，never, sometimes, often, usually, always.Unit 2 Whats the matter with you? Grammar:1. 用have 來描述身體不適 have/have got a +疾病名字；得了病 2.情態(tài)動詞should,情態(tài)動詞should,can, may, must沒有人稱和時態(tài)的變化，后接動詞

5、原形Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?Grammar:現(xiàn)在進行時表將來 一般將來時表示將要做某事或計劃打算做某事要用到句型“be+doing”其中be是助動詞，它有人稱和單復數(shù)的變化。Be: am, is, are. be + v.ing是現(xiàn)在進行時的形式，但用于表示將來。用進行時表將來，常用于表示即將來臨的未來預定要做的事情，一般指個人計劃要做的事。用于此情況的動詞一般是表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞，如，go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。一肯定句中，結(jié)構(gòu)為“be+doing.”I am going shopping

6、this afternoon.二否定句是在be之后加not. Im not going to shopping this afternoon.三一般疑問句是將be置于句首 Are you going shopping this afternoon?Yes, I am/ we are. No, Im not./ We arent.四特殊疑問句“疑問詞+一般疑問句語序。”What are you doing for vacation? When is he going camping? Who are you going there with? Where is she going?Unit 4

7、How do you get to school?Grammar: How引導的特殊疑問句：是指以How, how far, how long, how old,how many, how much等詞開頭的疑問句。How does he get to shool?- He takes the train to get to shool.How long does it take to walk? -It takes about 35 minutes to walk. How far is it from your home to school? Its four miles from my

8、home to school.How old is he now? She is twelve years old now.How many storybooks do you have? I have five storybooks.How much is this coat? This coat is 200 yuan.特殊疑問句的簡略結(jié)構(gòu)：how about?+ 名詞或動詞-ing形式，用于提出建議、請求或征求意見、詢問消息等。如：How about playing tennis? Unit 5 Can you come to my party?Grammar:情態(tài)動詞can及邀請句式及

9、其問答情態(tài)動詞can的用法：Can 是最長用的情態(tài)動詞，其后跟動詞原形，can的否定形式為cannot，cant.can表“能力”，意思是：能，會 I can paly basketball,but I cant swim.can表示能力時可和be able to 互換，be able to有更多的時態(tài)，常被用來表示can所 不能表示的將來或完成的概念。E.g. They will be able to run this machine on their own in three months.表示“可能性”，意思是：可以，可能。That big cinema can seat 5,000 p

10、eople.表示允許，意思是可以能夠 You can have the book when I have finished it.表示“驚訝、不相信等（用于疑問句、否定句或感嘆句中”。意思是“會、可能?！盩his cant be true. Can it be true?如何發(fā)出、接受和謝絕別人的邀請表達邀請的常用句型：Can you come to? Could you come to?Would you like to come to?Do you want to come to?接受邀請的常用句型：Sure. Certainly. OK. Id love to.謝絕邀請的常用句型：Im

11、sorry, I cant. I have toIm afraid I cant. I have toI dont think I can. I have toUnit 6 Im more outgoing than my sister.Grammar:形容詞的比較級規(guī)則變化、不規(guī)則變化（課本P93）than 是比較級中最常見的標志詞，意思是“比”。用于引出比較的對象。1.He draws better than me.2.Youre older than I am. You are older than me.形容詞比較級前，有時可以用much,far, a little,a bit, ev

12、en, three times等詞來修飾。Much 和far表示“得多”,much better好得多，a little, a bit表示稍微，一些，一點。a little shorter, 稍微矮點；even表示“甚至，更加，還要”even bigger還要大些，three times表示 “三倍”，如three times bigger than 比大三倍Very絕不可以用來修飾比較級，very,so,too, quite 修飾原級Unit 7 How do you make banana milk shake?Grammar: 可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞一可數(shù)名詞英語中的物質(zhì)名詞大體上可分為可

13、數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞指物體的數(shù)量可數(shù)。其單數(shù)形式可在名詞前加a或an,表示一個，如a pear. 其負數(shù)形式要在詞尾加-s,或-es（特殊情況除外），如two bananas, three tomatoes. Many many apples a few students few bags二不可數(shù)名詞1.不可數(shù)名詞指物體的數(shù)量不可數(shù)。不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復數(shù)之分，也不能在詞前直接加冠詞a 或an.表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量時可在不可數(shù)名詞前加相應(yīng)的由量詞構(gòu)成的短語。如a bag of 2.常見的量詞短語有：a piece of a cup of a teaspoon of a bottle of

14、 3.不可數(shù)名詞還可以用下面的詞表示數(shù)量：much much rain a little little4.既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞有：Lots of= a lot of許多，大量 some一些（用于肯定句）any一些（用于否定句和一般疑問句）Unit 8 How was your school trip?Grammar:一般過去時：指在過去某一時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去意義的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday, last year(week,month),two years ago, in2006等。有時也可用when,after,before, as s

15、oon as引導的時間狀語從句。該時態(tài)在句中的體現(xiàn)是謂語動詞用過去式。謂語be動詞was/were 否定：wasnt /werent Be動詞句型 一般疑問句：was/were +主語特殊疑問句：疑問詞+was/were+主語陳述句：主語+was/were+(肯定句) 否定句：主語+wasnt/werent+行為動詞句型（當句中的動詞為行為動詞時，要借助動詞did構(gòu)成一般疑問句和否定句）肯定式：主語+動詞過去式否定式：主語+didnt+動詞原形一般疑問句：Did +主語+動詞原形特殊疑問句：Did+主語+動詞原形Unit 9 When was he born?Grammar: 一般過去時的特殊

16、疑問句一般過去時的特殊疑問句的變法同一般現(xiàn)在時一樣，不同之處在于須將be動詞或助動詞改為過去時態(tài)，即“特殊疑問詞+were或was(第三人稱單數(shù))+主語+（表語）+其他成分”或“特殊疑問詞+助動詞did+主語+實義動詞+其他成分。”以when引導的特殊疑問句，對某人的出生年月進行提問，句型是：When was/wereborn? was/were born in +時間When was David beckham born? 大衛(wèi).貝克漢姆是什么時候出生的？He was born in 1975.二以how long 引導的特殊疑問句，對表示某一短時間的狀語進行提問。句型是： How long

17、 did + 主語+動詞？How long did Charles Smith hiccup? He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.三When did he start hiccupping? 他什么時候開始打嗝？When +did+主語+動詞？Unit 10 Im going to be a basketball player.Grammar:一般將來時 表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)常或反復發(fā)生的動作，常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。1. be going to + 動詞原形 What are you going to do n

18、ext Sunday?2. will/shall + 動詞原形 I will go to my hometown next week.3.be +v.ing The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.4. be +動詞不定式 You are to be back by 10 oclock.5. be + about + 動詞不定式 The meeting is about to begin.Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?Grammar:情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞，表示說話者

19、對某一動作的看法和態(tài)度，包括可能、懷疑、允許、愿望、必要、猜測等。Can(能、會),may( 可以),must( 必須、一定)等。情態(tài)動詞的特點：(1)情態(tài)動詞有一定詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，必須和另一個動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語，且沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。1. I can speak English. 2. She must be a teacher. 3. We may go home now. (2)變否定句時，直接在情態(tài)動詞后面加not,無需加助動詞。He cant play the guitar well.He cant answer the question. You mustnt be late.(3)含有情態(tài)動詞的句子變一般疑問句時，須將情態(tài)動詞提前。Can you help me? Must I go there at once?(4)can 可表示能力、允許、可能性、懷疑猜測，意為“能，會，可以?！眂ant, 意為“不能，不會，不可以?！?，還有“不可能”之意。-Can you drive? Sorry, I cant. It cant be true.(5)can 也可表示請求與邀請Can you please swee