基于GIS環(huán)境下物流配送中心選址研究外文翻譯

1、基于GIS環(huán)境下物流配送中心選址研究外文翻譯 外文翻譯原文Study on Logistics Distribution Center Location Based on GIS EnvironmentMaterial Source: School of Traffic and Transport Beijing Jiao'Tong University Author: LIANG Yanping,ZHANG Xingpiang,SUN Qi Abstract-Logistics distribution center location is a complicated spatial

2、 analysis and spatial decision-making issue, and it also is a hot research topic in logistics system. According to influence factors of logistics distribution center location, the analysis process is divided into qualitative selection of candidate regions and quantitative calculation based on GIS en

3、vironment. Then the main database tables are designed to meet model calculating needs. The analysis process and steps are also expounded detailed in the article. It is proved that GIS technology can make up lacks of traditional mathematics models, and it is operable and practical by applying GIS to

4、logistics distribution center location. Keywords-GIS; Logistics distribution center location; Influence factors; Spatial decision-making; qualitative and quantitative locationI .INTRODUCTION Logistics distribution center is a bridge between supplying and demand in logistics network, and it plays a c

5、rucial role in logistics system. A distribution center is located suitably or not will directly effect on the efficiency and serving quality of the whole system. Many scholars have discussed the modeling issue of logistics distribution center location from different points of view, and the models ma

6、inly are those, such as algorithms of mathematics programming, multi-rule decision-making, heuristic algorithm and simulation and so on. And most of those have been validated by instances. The objective functions of those models usually are to make transportation expense and fixed investment less in

7、 location selection. The distances among road network nodes are usually presumed to be linear distance when calculating transportation expense in the models. Sometimes, even if the linear distance is transferred into mileage of highroad, railway or other traffic and transportation network by introdu

8、cing a scale factor in the models, a larger error is always existed when comparing with the factual distance. In fact, distribution center location is a complicated decision-making process, and an optimal location of the distribution center is often decided synthetically by many factors.The candidat

9、e regions of distribution center are always assumed to be existed already or be disposed simply in traditional models, which are always not agreed with facts Influence factors of logistics distribution center location are discussed firstly, and then the function and significance of GIS technology ar

10、e analyzed in this article.Further, the location process of logistics distribution center is divided into two steps: the one is to select some candidate regions by qualitative analysis using many spatial analysis methods on GIS environment, and the other is to extract an optimal region from the cand

11、idate regionsuantitatively by mathematics model. The analysis process and steps are expounded detailed, and the database tables are also designed to meet the needs of quantitative analysis. It's proved that GIS technology can make up lacks of traditional mathematics models, and it's operable

12、 and practical by applying GIS to logistics distribution center locationII ANALYSIS ON INFLUENCE FACTORS OF LOGISTICS DISTRIBUTION CENTER LOCATION The common location models are always divided into four stages: data preparing, influence factors analysis, comprehensive influence estimating and locati

13、on selection analysis, and analysis of influence factors is a key step among the four stages in location model. Inputting least comprehensive expense investment or getting largest comprehensive economy benefit is the target of locating an optimal distribution center, so the influence factors which a

14、re closely associating with expenses are mainly taken into account. The expenses mainly include two parts: building expenses and distribution expensesor running expenses. Except for the influence factor of nature environment, the multi-influence factors of economy and policy also should be taken int

15、o account comprehensively when locating an optimal logistics distribution center, so it's different from a common location model AInfluence Factors Associating with Building Expenses Building expenses of logistics distribution center location are influenced greatly by factors of nature environme

16、nt. Factors of geological condition, hydrological condition and climate should be taken into account comprehensively, such as keeping land have enough carrying capacity, avoiding from bad geologic conditions of coast, gully and earthquake and so on, locating a higher altitude region if possible, and

17、 keeping goods dryness from floodwater.In urban collectivity planning, a map of urban land evaluation is usually drawn according to influences of different natural conditions.And this map can be used as an important reference when locating a logistics distribution center In addition, the factor of p

18、olicy also will be taken into account when locating, such as enterprise preferential prices, urban planningLand development and consolidation,road building, and regional industry policies and so on B. Affecting Factors Associating with Logistics DistributionExpense Distribution expenses will be calc

19、ulated in three stages: the first is the transportation expenses from supplying points to logistics distribution centers, and the second is the depositing and handling expenses in logistics distribution centers and the last is the transportation expenses from logistics distribution center to all cli

20、ent networks. The expenses in first and third stage are associating with an optimal location closely. So the main factors really depend on spatial distribution of resource points, spatial distribution of client networks, and status and condition of road traffic networksIII.FUNCTIONS OF GIS TECHNOLOG

21、Y IN LOGISTICS DISTRIBUTION CENTER LOCATION Most of the problems in logistics system are spatial analysis and spatial decision-making issues, such as overall arrangement of logistics distribution centers, optimal path of distributing and so on. Geographic information system i. e. GIS is a computer s

22、ystem which can input, deposit, edit, query, analyze and display geo-spatial data and attribute information.GIS is also a high technology which integrates geography, geometry, computer science and all kinds of application objects together. GIS technology has a stronger power to integrate data from d

23、ifferent sources together and analyzing spatial data powerfully, so it's plays a significant role in the field of spatial decision-making Functions of GIS technology in logistics distribution center location can be described as followings: As an information platform, GIS is used to integrate all

24、 kinds of information and factors together in decision-making Road network stored in GIS has a topology relationship which describes current roads factually, and the topological network can be used to calculate the true transportation distance accurately, and such errors caused by supposition of lin

25、ear distance in traditional mathematics model can be avoided. GIS provides with many spatial analysis methods, such as spatial network analysis, spatial buffer analysis, spatial overly analysis and so on. All those methods can be chose to solve different problems. For example, buffer analysis and ov

26、erly analysis can be used to select candidate regions primarily, and spatial network analysis can be used to select an optimal path in distribution route planning, which can make transportation expenses lower GIS expresses objects abundantly and visibly, and it can make the process of locating and a

27、nalysis result visible by using thematic map and visualization technology. Most of GIS software provide with secondary developing function. Traditional mathematics models can be modularized into GIS environment, and GIS platform offers data supporting,graphical interfaces and human-computer interact

28、ion interface when calculating quantitativelyIV.PROCESS OF LOGISTICS DISTRIBUTION CENTER LOCATION BASED ON GIS ENVIRONMENT In GIS environment, the process of locating a logistics distribution center can be divided into two stages:the one is to select candidate regions qualitatively, and the other is

29、 to extract an optimal region from candidate regions quantitatively. The quantitative analysis model in this article adopts the decision-making model of Multi-distribution-center and Multi-variety-goods as a reference, which is described in reference. And the main database tables are also designed t

30、o meet model calculating in the first stages when preparing and handling data A Selecting Candidate Regions Qualitatively In first stage of selecting candidate regions qualitatively, the analysis steps are described as followings: 1 Collect information and build database All kinds of maps, spatial d

31、ata and information associating with location closely should be collected and disposed on GIS platform, such as the map of urban road network,map of urban land assessing, map of urban land use, map of urban land-value, map of resource network distribution, map of client network distribution and so o

32、n. All those spatial data and their attribution information are stored and managed in object-relation spatial database integratively 2 Output ofcandidate regions ofdistribution center aFirstly, apply spatial overlay analysis in GIS to overlay the layers of urban land assessing and urban land use, th

33、en get some candidate regions primarily which meet the needs of nature environments, and intersection arithmetic is adopted in the analysis process bSecondly, the results of step aare used to overlay thelayer of urban land-value, and certain candidate regions with lower building expenses will be obt

34、ained, and intersection arithmetic is adopted at the same time when overlaying. cThirdly, make a certainty width buffer to main roads in the layer of urban road network, then the buffer areas are used to overlay the results of step bwith intersection arithmetic. And then such areas are come into bei

35、ng with lower building expense and closer distance to urban trunks, and those areas are also meeting the needs of nature environments at the same time. dAt last,the result layer of analysis will be outputted by functions of query,measure and drawing of GIS technology. The result layer is just the da

36、ta of candidate regions to be used in next quantitative analysis B. Locating Distribution Center with Quantitative Analysis Decision-making model of location in this article adopts the model of Multi-distribution-center and Multi-variety-goods as a reference described in reference, and modeling and

37、design are finished in GIS environment Most of GIS software provide with secondary development, so the integration in GIS environment can be realized by programming.Data needed by model can be obtained directly from attribute tables stored in GIS spatial database, and the spatial coordinates of supp

38、lying points, client points and road traffic networks can also be got from the database. When calculating transportation distances from supplying points to distribution centers, or distances from distribution centers to client points, the actual distance can be got in GIS environment,which is often

39、assumed in traditional models if without GIS supporting.The method of tour-problem analysis in GIS will contributed to select an optimal distribution route. The spatial data and precise coordinates make the selecting process more feasible and practical. The methods and process of applying GIS to log

40、istics distribution center location are mainly expounded, and it's proved that GIS technology can make up lacks of traditional mathematics models. In the whole process, collection and disposal of all kinds of spatial data and model's secondary development in GIS environment are key issues wh

41、en applying GIS to logistics distribution center location. And next, more works should be done to integrate more planning models in GIS environment, and designing and finishing a whole system of logistics distribution center location also should be placed on the agenda.譯文基于GIS環(huán)境下物流配送中心選址研究 資料來源:北京交通

42、大學(xué)作者:LIANG Yanping,ZHANG Xingpiang SUN Qi 摘要:物流配送中心選址是一個復(fù)雜的空間分析和空間的決策問題,也是一個物流系統(tǒng)研究的熱門課題。根據(jù)影響物流配送中心選址的因素,分析過程分為定性的候選區(qū)域的選擇和基于GIS環(huán)境的定量計算,然后主要數(shù)據(jù)庫來滿足模型設(shè)計計算的需求。這個分析過程,也是在文章中詳細(xì)闡述了實踐證明,GIS技術(shù)可以彌補(bǔ)傳統(tǒng)數(shù)學(xué)模型缺少的步驟,在物流配送中心選擇時它是具有可操作性和實際應(yīng)用的地理信息系統(tǒng)。 關(guān)鍵詞:物流配送中心的選擇;影響因素;空間決策;定性和定量I 導(dǎo)言 物流配送中心是供給兩者之間的橋梁,并要求在物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)中起著關(guān)鍵作用,物

43、配送中心位于系統(tǒng)中適當(dāng)與否將直接影響效勞的效率和質(zhì)量。很多學(xué)者討論了建立討論模物流配送中心選址問題,其不同觀點主要在于模型,如數(shù)學(xué)編程算法,多規(guī)那么決策,啟發(fā)式算法和仿真等,這些模型的目標(biāo)函數(shù)通常是使運輸費用和固定資產(chǎn)投資的區(qū)位減少選擇。公路網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點間的距離通常假定為直線距離并且計算出運輸費用。有時,直線距離不僅被轉(zhuǎn)移到公路甚至是鐵路里程或其他交通運輸網(wǎng)絡(luò),進(jìn)入運算模型中,與實際距離比擬總是會存在很大的差距的。配送中心選址是一個復(fù)雜決策過程,一個的最正確位置配送中心常常由許多綜合因素決定。 這文章中首先對物流配送中心選址的影響因素進(jìn)行討論,然后對其的功能和意義地理信息系統(tǒng)技術(shù)進(jìn)行了分析,更多的

44、是把物流配送中心的選址過程分為兩個步驟:一種是對局部候選區(qū)域的地理信息環(huán)境用多種空間分析方法進(jìn)行定性分析,另外一種就是用定量的數(shù)學(xué)方法對候選區(qū)域進(jìn)行分析。這些分析過程和步驟必須闡述詳盡,數(shù)據(jù)庫同樣還需滿足定量的分析,GIS技術(shù)的可操作性可以彌補(bǔ)傳統(tǒng)數(shù)學(xué)模型缺乏,通過應(yīng)用GIS在物流配送實踐中,確定配送中心位置。II 分析物流的影響因素配送中心選址 共同區(qū)位模型總是分為四階段:數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備,影響因素分析,預(yù)算影響和位置選擇分析。影響因素分析是在區(qū)位模型中關(guān)鍵的一步。 尋找一個最正確的配送中心的目標(biāo)是投入最少的資金或者全面的開支以獲得最大的綜合性經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。因此影響因素是和開支緊密聯(lián)系在一起的,其費用主

45、要包括兩個方面:建設(shè)費用和分銷開支(或者運行費用)。在定位一個最正確的配送中心時,除了自然環(huán)境因素外,經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響因素和政策的多重影響因素也應(yīng)該綜合考慮。 (1)影響因素與建筑開支的關(guān)聯(lián) 物流配送中心選址的建筑費用受自然影響環(huán)境的因素的極大影響。如土地是否有足夠的承載能力,防止在海岸,溝壑和地震等不良地質(zhì)條件上,定位更高海拔地區(qū),如果可能的話,在保持商品枯燥的城市總體規(guī)劃。此外,政策因素也將考慮到,如企業(yè)優(yōu)惠的價格,城市規(guī)劃(土地開發(fā)整理,道路建設(shè)),以及區(qū)域政策等。 影響因素與物流配送費用關(guān)聯(lián)' 分銷費用將被計算在三個階段:首先是從供給點到物流配送中心的交通費,第二個是存放和處理物流配送中心的費用和最后是