英語(yǔ)句子中成分

1、主語(yǔ)(subject)是句子所要說明的人或事物，是句子的主體。主語(yǔ)的位置通常在句首，一般不省略。可以擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和主語(yǔ)從句。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由實(shí)義動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任。助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加其他動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形或系動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任。助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加其他動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式也構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。式也構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。英語(yǔ)介詞后也會(huì)跟賓語(yǔ)?？勺髻e語(yǔ)的有名英語(yǔ)介詞后也會(huì)跟賓語(yǔ)?？勺髻e語(yǔ)的有名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞等。詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞等。動(dòng)賓動(dòng)賓介賓介賓可作表語(yǔ)的有名詞、代詞、形容可作表語(yǔ)的有名詞、代詞、形容詞與分詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)以及表語(yǔ)從句等。詞與分詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定

2、式、介詞短語(yǔ)以及表語(yǔ)從句等。 定語(yǔ)（定語(yǔ)（attribute）是修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。）是修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前；短語(yǔ)和從句單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前；短語(yǔ)和從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在它所修飾的名詞之后。作定語(yǔ)的有名詞、作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在它所修飾的名詞之后。作定語(yǔ)的有名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、分詞及其短語(yǔ)、不等式及其短語(yǔ)、介詞短形容詞、數(shù)詞、分詞及其短語(yǔ)、不等式及其短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)以及定語(yǔ)從句等。語(yǔ)以及定語(yǔ)從句等。狀語(yǔ)（狀語(yǔ)（adverbial）是修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等的句）是修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等的句子成分。狀語(yǔ)表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的

3、、結(jié)果、條子成分。狀語(yǔ)表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、程度、方式、伴隨情況等。作狀語(yǔ)的有副詞、件、讓步、程度、方式、伴隨情況等。作狀語(yǔ)的有副詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞及其短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式及其短語(yǔ)、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞及其短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式及其短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。狀語(yǔ)從句等。主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)： Pop, a German volunteer, who works in the Olympics language service, said,“ I am looking forward to the Beijing Olympics , as it will

4、be my first volunteer experience in the Olympics.” 1.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)（表語(yǔ)（ S+Link.V+P ），說），說 明主語(yǔ)的特征、類屬、狀態(tài)、身份。明主語(yǔ)的特征、類屬、狀態(tài)、身份。You are students.2.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞 ( S + Vi. )注：注：不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 The car accident was happened yesterday.You will graduate next year.The sun rises in the east.3.主語(yǔ)主

5、語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)（S+Vt+O） I like my job very much. He grew some vegetables. Each of you has a dream . 注：及物動(dòng)詞可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)注：及物動(dòng)詞可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)People use a great deal of water in that city.4.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ) (S+Vt+Oi+Od) 雙賓語(yǔ)雙賓語(yǔ) bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, return, send, show, teach, tell, wr

6、ite, ask, buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, sing, save等。等。常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：Who can find me the eraser?Pass me the eraser. We sawWe sawWe saw5.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)(S+Vt+O+C) 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ) 注：可用作賓補(bǔ)的詞有：名詞、形容詞、注：可用作賓補(bǔ)的詞有：名詞、形容詞、 副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞。副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞。簡(jiǎn)單句之歌：簡(jiǎn)單句之歌：I like Beijing Tiananmen, Vt

7、. 之后要接賓。之后要接賓。Vi.加介也接賓，加介也接賓，We all live in Beijing.系動(dòng)詞之后是表語(yǔ)，系動(dòng)詞之后是表語(yǔ)，We are happy in Beijing.位置互換是雙賓，名形非謂來補(bǔ)賓。位置互換是雙賓，名形非謂來補(bǔ)賓。Homework: 句子成分隨堂練習(xí)句子成分隨堂練習(xí) 找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分Last week I went to the supermarket.The play was very interesting.I cant hear a word.They were talking loudly. It was

8、 Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I looked at the young man and the young woman angrily.I read a few lines, but I didnt understand a word.My holidays passed quickly, but I didnt send cards to my friends.I got up early and bought thirty cards.He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.He has just bought a car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in