高中英語 定語從句關(guān)系代詞講解ppt課件

1、定語從句定語從句The Attributive Clause先來看幾個(gè)相關(guān)術(shù)語先來看幾個(gè)相關(guān)術(shù)語1.定語定語2.定語從句定語從句3.先行詞先行詞4.關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞1.定語：定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對定語：定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用漢語中常用的的表示。表示。 a clever boy The boiling waterFallen leavesThe man who you are looking for2.定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句。定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句。D

2、o you know the man who came to see Xiao Yang this morning? What is the function of the underlined part?Tom is a handsome boy.The little boy needs a blue pen.The boy in the classroom needs a pen.The pen bought by her is made in China.The man standing there is my teacher.The boy who is reading needs t

3、he pen which you bought yesterday.單詞作定語時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語。單詞作定語時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語。短語和從句作定語時(shí)那么放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置定語。短語和從句作定語時(shí)那么放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置定語。 定語從句：一個(gè)句子充任定語定語從句：一個(gè)句子充任定語3.先行詞：先行詞：4.關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom, whose, as關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞where, when, why等。等。關(guān)系詞常有關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用：個(gè)作用：1，引導(dǎo)定語從句。，引導(dǎo)定語從句。2，替代先行詞。，替

4、代先行詞。3，在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。，在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞；被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞；引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。The boy who is reading needs the pen.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞定語從句定語從句先行詞：被修飾限定的詞先行詞：被修飾限定的詞關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞定語從句：一個(gè)句子充任定語定語從句：一個(gè)句子充任定語God helps those who help themselves. He who laugh

5、s last laughs best.Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.自助者天助。自助者天助。誰笑到最后，誰笑得最好。誰笑到最后，誰笑得最好。世上無難事，只怕有心人。世上無難事，只怕有心人。Guess the meaning of the following proverbsAll that glitters(閃光閃光) is not gold.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.閃閃發(fā)光的不一定是金子閃閃發(fā)光的不一定是金

6、子.不到長城非好漢不到長城非好漢 .Some sentences with attributive clause in the text1.Then, later that afternoon, another big quake _shook Tangshan. 2.The army organized teams to dig out those_ and to bury the dead . which was almost as strong as the first onewho were trappedBut the people in the city, _ _ went to

7、sleep as usual that night.It was heard in , _ who thought little of these events,which is more than 200 kilometers away.A huge crack _ _ cut across houses, roads and canals.The number of people _ _ reached more than 400,000. that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide who were killed or in

8、juredDescription He is a Chinese. He plays an important part in NBA.He was born in Shanghai.Shanghai is an international city.He is a good man.People all like him.People are proud of him.He is a famous basketball player.His wife is Ye Li.He loves basketball.He plays basketball very well.He is a Chin

9、ese. He plays an important part in NBA.He is a Chinese who/ that plays an important part in NBA.變?yōu)槎ㄕZ從句變?yōu)槎ㄕZ從句He was born in Shanghai.Shanghai is an international city.He was born in Shanghai which / that is an international city.summary關(guān)系詞在從關(guān)系詞在從句中所作的句中所作的成分成分先行詞的類先行詞的類別別關(guān)系詞的選關(guān)系詞的選擇擇主語主語人人物物who/thatw

10、hich/thatThose who are against the plan put up your hands.The man who is next to us sells vegetable.Tom is one of the students who praised by the teacher yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who praised by the teacher yesterday.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)必需與先行詞堅(jiān)持一致。數(shù)必需

11、與先行詞堅(jiān)持一致。werewasHe is a good man.He is a good man.People all like him.People all like him.People are proud of him.People are proud of him.He is a good man whom/ that people are proud of.He is a good man whom / that people all like.He is a good man of whom people are proud.Or: He loves basketball.He

12、plays basketball very well.He loves basketball which/that he plays very well.summary關(guān)系詞在從關(guān)系詞在從句中所作的句中所作的成分成分先行詞的類先行詞的類別別關(guān)系詞的選關(guān)系詞的選擇擇賓語賓語人人物物whom/that/who/省略省略which/that/省略省略He is a famous basketball player.His wife is Ye Li.He is a famous basketball player whose wife is Ye Li.He has a wife.Her name

13、is Ye Li.He has a wife whose name is Ye Li.The room is mine.The rooms window faces southThe room whose window faces south is mine.summary關(guān)系詞在從關(guān)系詞在從句中所作的句中所作的成分成分先行詞的類先行詞的類別別關(guān)系詞的選關(guān)系詞的選擇擇 定語定語人人物物whosewhose關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞在從句中可以：關(guān)系代詞在從句中可以：指人指人指物指物subject (主語主語)object (賓語賓語)attribute定語定語whomwhowhich

14、thatwhose何時(shí)可以省略？何時(shí)可以省略？做賓語時(shí)可以省略做賓語時(shí)可以省略從括號(hào)中選擇正確的關(guān)系代詞完成句子從括號(hào)中選擇正確的關(guān)系代詞完成句子1.The season _ follows spring is summer. (that / who / 不填不填)2. This is the museum we visited last Saturday. (that / whom / 不填不填)3. The boy John is speaking with is my brother. (which / whom/ 不填不填)4. The building _ walls are whi

15、te is my uncles house. (which / whose / 不填不填)練習(xí)穩(wěn)定練習(xí)穩(wěn)定thatthat / 不填不填whom/ 不填不填whose5. Will you please lend me the book _ you bought yesterday? (which / that / whose)6. The girl _ leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to hospital. (who / whom / whose)7. The student _ the teacher praise at the cl

16、ass meeting is our monitor. (which / whom / whose)8. I found some photos of tourist sites _ were not far away from our city. (which / that /不填不填 )which / that whosewhomwhich / that 看圖填句看圖填句The man _ is Liuxiang.who ran fastestLiuxiang is the man _.who ran fastesta boy， has a scar， forehead Harry Por

17、ter is a boy _ _. who/that has a scar on his foreheadxinji is a city _ _.Xinji a citydevelop fast which /that develops fast根底練習(xí)根底練習(xí)1. Is that the house _ you bought last year? A. where B. which2. Is that the picture _ you are laughing at? A. which B.where3. It is the most interesting book _Ill ever

18、read. A. which B. thatBBA4.The street _is to the park is very narrow. A. where B. which5.The person _finds my watch will get a reward. A. who B. when6.This is the room _ we listened to the lecture. A. which B. whereBAB7.The boy _mother is ill can not come to the party.A. who B. whose8.Tell me the re

19、ason _ you are late.A. which B. whyBB翻譯翻譯1.他指給我看他丟錢包的地方。他指給我看他丟錢包的地方。2.我不認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)和他說話的女孩。我不認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)和他說話的女孩。3.她是一個(gè)叫瑪麗的女孩。她是一個(gè)叫瑪麗的女孩。 He showed me the place where he lost his wallet.I dont know the girl whom/that you speak to.She is a girl who is called Mary.4.那些正在打網(wǎng)球的男孩是我的朋友。那些正在打網(wǎng)球的男孩是我的朋友。 Those boys who a

20、re playing tennis are my friends.關(guān)系代詞that和which在很多情況下可以互換，但哪些情況只能用that?考點(diǎn)一只用只用that，不用，不用which1.all, little, much, few, none, everything, nothing, something, anything 等不定代詞作等不定代詞作先行詞或者先行詞被其所修飾時(shí)；先行詞或者先行詞被其所修飾時(shí)； All that can be done has been done.2. 序數(shù)詞或描畫詞最高級(jí)修飾先行詞時(shí)；序數(shù)詞或描畫詞最高級(jí)修飾先行詞時(shí)； This is the best T

21、V that is made in China.3. 先行詞前有先行詞前有the only, the very, the same, the right等修飾時(shí)；等修飾時(shí)；4.先行詞既有人也有物先行詞既有人也有物5.主句以主句以which, who, what開頭的疑問句開頭的疑問句.Who that you have ever seen can do it better ?有哪些情況關(guān)系代詞不用有哪些情況關(guān)系代詞不用thatthat，而用，而用whichwhich，whowho，whom?whom?考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二只用只用which，不用，不用that有機(jī)器的房間是車間。有機(jī)器的房間是車間。Th

22、e room _ there is a machine is a workshop.The room _ there is a machine in is a workshop.in which(which/ that)一、非限制性定語從句一、非限制性定語從句二、用在介詞后二、用在介詞后I have lost the pen, _ I like very much.which1、在非限制性定語從句中，指事物用、在非限制性定語從句中，指事物用which，指人用指人用who或或whom.He made the same mistakes again ,_ made his parents very

23、 angry.Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_ cost me more than 100 yuan .Mr Smith,_ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.My uncle has come back from abroad,_ I havent met for a long time.whichwhichwhowhomFill in the blanks1.Her bag ,in which she put all her money, has been stolen.2.This is the

24、 ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.3.Xiao Wang ,with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed himself very much.2、在介詞后面，指事物用、在介詞后面，指事物用 which，指人用，指人用whom.(3) whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句留意點(diǎn)引導(dǎo)的定語從句留意點(diǎn)whose引導(dǎo)定語從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成名引導(dǎo)定語從句，其后應(yīng)緊跟名詞，構(gòu)成名詞短語。詞短語。 whose與它所修飾的名詞一同可以作介詞的賓語。與它所修飾的名詞一同可以作介詞的賓語。如：如：The boss in whose depa

25、rtment he worked had heard the news.他任務(wù)所在部門的老板曾經(jīng)聽說他任務(wù)所在部門的老板曾經(jīng)聽說了這個(gè)音訊。了這個(gè)音訊。whose的先行詞指物時(shí)，可用的先行詞指物時(shí)，可用of which替代，但語替代，但語序不同，即序不同，即whose+名詞名詞 = the+名詞名詞+of which，或，或= of which + the + 名詞。如：名詞。如：The novel whose title (= the title of which或或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting. whose

26、引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其先行詞既可以指人引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其先行詞既可以指人也可以指物。也可以指物。whose的先行詞指人時(shí)，可用的先行詞指人時(shí)，可用of whom替代，替代，但語序不同，即但語序不同，即whose+名詞名詞 = the+名詞名詞+of whom，或，或= of whom + the + 名詞。如：名詞。如：The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend.The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous wh

27、om in the world. that (2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.The dress which she is wearing is new. that (1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.穩(wěn)定練習(xí)：穩(wěn)定練習(xí)：1. 用定語從句合并句子用定語從句合并句子(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. (4) This is the best film. I have ever

28、seen this film.He is the kind person who I have ever worked with. whom that This is the best film that I have ever seen. 四四. 介詞介詞+which/ whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句引導(dǎo)的定語從句1. 介詞的選用原那么：介詞的選用原那么：根據(jù)定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配來決議。根據(jù)定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配來決議。This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars.This is the book for which I paid 8 dollar

29、s.(2) 根據(jù)先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配來決議。根據(jù)先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配來決議。I remember the day on which I joined the Party.I remember the days during which I lived there.2. 當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前面時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前面時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用whom(指人指人)或或which(指物指物)，且關(guān)系代詞不能，且關(guān)系代詞不能省略。省略。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. I cant find the pen with which

30、 I was writing .3. 當(dāng)介詞位于定語從句末尾時(shí)，可用當(dāng)介詞位于定語從句末尾時(shí)，可用 which/that(指物指物), who/whom/that(指人指人)作從句作從句中介詞的賓語中介詞的賓語.而且作介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以而且作介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以省略。省略。(whom/who/that)(which/that)Dad is a person_ I can easily talk to.Is this the play _ you were talking about just now?4. 在一些固定搭配的動(dòng)詞短語中，由于動(dòng)詞在一些固定搭配的動(dòng)詞短語中，由于動(dòng)詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關(guān)系代和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前。如：詞之前。如：This is the watch (that/ which) I am looking for.The babies (who/ whom/ that) the nurse is looking