動(dòng)詞的ing-形式做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)

1、B4Unit 2 Grammar The -ing form as the Subject and Object動(dòng)詞的ing 形式如何構(gòu)成？有哪些規(guī)則？一找出句子中有動(dòng)詞-ing做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)1Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.2As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.3Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expand

2、ing the area of the fields.4He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.5Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.6Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.7Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a

3、kind of rice that could feed more people.二.練習(xí)與歸納1.Fill in the blank (tips from the pictures) (1)._ _ is my favourite sport.(play football)(2).My sister enjoys_ alone on the seashore. (stand)(3).The cartoon is _. (amuse)(4).China is a _ country. (develop)(5).We heard Tommy _ in his room.(sing)(6)She

4、sat at the desk _ a newspaper.(read)2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài):動(dòng)詞-ing形式的構(gòu)成：是在動(dòng)詞末加 -ing 形式構(gòu)成。否定形式：not + -ing 構(gòu)成.動(dòng)詞-ing形式不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，沒(méi)人稱和數(shù)的變化，但可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，還有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般doing 完成having done3.在本單元講解動(dòng)詞-ing形式在句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的用法。即動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)Part1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)1. 直接置于句首(1)Playing tricks on others is something we should never do.

5、(2)Learning new words is very important for me. (3)Talking is easier than doing.說(shuō)比做容易。2. 用形式主語(yǔ)it，把真正的主語(yǔ)-ing形式移置句尾。但這種句子形式有一定的限制，作表語(yǔ)的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞。(1)It is useless trying to argue with Shylock.(2)Its worth making the effort.這事值得努力去做。 (3)It is pleasant working with you.常用-ing形式作主語(yǔ)的句型It + be + a waste

6、of time doing做是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的It is/was no good/use doing 做是沒(méi)益/用處的It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做不值得It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的3. 在there be no doing結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語(yǔ)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相當(dāng)于“It is impossible to do ”。(1)There is no _(hide)of evil but not to do it.若要人不知，除非己莫為。(2)Here is no _(joke)about such matter.這種

7、事開(kāi)不得玩笑。(3)There was no _(know)when he would leave. 無(wú)法知道他什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)。There is no sense in doing 做沒(méi)有道理Part2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)1. 只能后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ), 常見(jiàn)的有avoid，consider，enjoy，2. 既可接動(dòng)詞-ing又可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，remember，hate等。A. 在like，love，hate，prefer等動(dòng)詞之后，用-ing或不定

8、式意義上沒(méi)有什么不同，只是側(cè)重點(diǎn)有些不同，動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示泛指的動(dòng)作，不定式表示具體的一次性動(dòng)作。B. 在begin/start，continue之后，用動(dòng) 詞-ing和不定式，意義無(wú)甚區(qū)別，尤其是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人的時(shí)候。 C. 在動(dòng)詞forget，remember，regret之后，用動(dòng)詞-ing與不定式意義不同。動(dòng)詞-ing表示動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生，不定式表示后于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作。如：I remember posting the letter.我記得我已把信寄了。Ill remember to post the letter.我會(huì)記著去寄信的。I shall never forget seeing th

9、e famous writer.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記見(jiàn)到過(guò)那位著名作家。Dont forget to write to your mother.不要忘了給你母親寫(xiě)信。 D. 在try，mean之后，意義各不相同，如try to do (設(shè)法)，try doing (試試)， mean to do (打算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味著)。 E. go on doing和go on to do: go on doing 繼續(xù)做一直在做的事；go on to do 接著做另一件事。如：Please go on doing the same exercise.請(qǐng)接著做同一個(gè)練習(xí)。 Pl

10、ease go on to do the other exercise.請(qǐng)做另外一個(gè)練習(xí)。F. stop doing與stop to do: stop doing 停止做;stop to do 停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如：We stopped talking.我們停止了交談。/We stopped to talk.我們停下來(lái)去談話。3. 作介詞賓語(yǔ)下列短語(yǔ)中的to都是介詞，所以后面跟名詞或-ing形式：devote to，object to，pay attention to，get down to，lead to，look forward to，stick to，be used to等。

11、Step3 Practice1._ provides us with essentialnutrients (營(yíng)養(yǎng)), while _ provides us with oxygen. (eat, breath)2. Have you forgotten _ $1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow? (borrow, bring)3. My brother keeps _ me with my work. (help)4. We should often practise _ English with each other. Speaking. Though it sounds a bit too dear (昂貴), it is worth _. (buy). He devoted his life to _ the atomic theory. (st