哈爾濱供暖設(shè)計(jì)熱負(fù)荷

1、第一章：采暖設(shè)計(jì)熱負(fù)荷計(jì)算圖2-7為哈爾濱市某學(xué)校兩層教學(xué)樓的平面圖。試計(jì)算一層101圖書(shū)館的采暖設(shè)計(jì)熱負(fù)荷。已知條件：采暖室外計(jì)算溫度twn=-26;冬季主導(dǎo)風(fēng)向：SSD；冬季室外風(fēng)速：3.8m/s。室內(nèi)計(jì)算溫度：101圖書(shū)館16。圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)：外墻：二磚墻（490mm），外表面水泥砂漿抹面，內(nèi)表面水泥砂漿抹面、白灰粉刷、厚度均為20mm；外窗：雙層木框玻璃窗C-1，尺寸為2000mm*2000mm（冬季用密封條封窗）：外門(mén)：雙層木框玻璃門(mén)M-1，尺寸為4000mm*3000mm：層高：4m（從本層地面上表面算到上層地面上表面）：地面：不保溫地面：屋面：構(gòu)造如圖2-8.解：一、確定圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的傳熱

2、系數(shù)K（1） 查表1-1、表1-2、附錄1-3得到：圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)表面換熱系數(shù)n=8.7w/(·)外表面換熱系數(shù)w=23w/(·)外表面水泥砂漿抹面導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)1=0.87 w/(m·)內(nèi)表面水泥砂漿地面、白灰粉刷導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)2=0.87 w/(m·)紅磚墻導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)3=0.81w/(m·)外墻傳熱系數(shù)K計(jì)算得K=11n+1w+ii=10.020.87+123+0.020.87+0.490.81+18.7=1.24w/(·)(2)屋面：屋面的構(gòu)造如圖2-8，查表得：內(nèi)表面換熱系數(shù)n=8.7w/(·)板下抹混合砂漿1=0.87 w/(m&#

3、183;) 1=20mm屋面預(yù)制空心板2=1.74 w/(m·) 2=120mm1:3水泥砂漿 3=0.87 w/(m·) 3=20mm一氈二油 4=0.17 w/(m·) 4=5mm膨脹珍珠巖 5=0.07 w/(m·) 5=100mm1:3水泥砂漿 6=0.87 w/(m·) 6=20mm三氈四油卷材防水層7=0.17 w/(m·) 7=10mmwumianXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

4、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX外表面換熱系數(shù)w=23w/(·)屋面?zhèn)鳠?/p>

5、系數(shù)為K=11n+1w+ii=10.020.87+0.121.74+0.0050.17+123+0.020.87*3+0.490.81+18.7=0.55w/(·)（3）外門(mén)、外窗：查附錄1-4，雙層木框玻璃窗K=2.68 w/(·)雙層木框玻璃門(mén)K=2.68 w/(·)wumianXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

6、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX（4）地面：不保溫地面，按表1-5取各地帶傳熱系數(shù)。二、101圖書(shū)館計(jì)算：1、圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)基本耗熱量Q1（1）南外墻：南外墻傳熱系數(shù)K=1.24 w/(·

7、)，溫差修正系數(shù)=1，傳熱面積F=(6.0+0.37)*4-(2*2*2)=17.48按公式（1-3）計(jì)算南外墻的基本耗熱量Q1KF(tn-twn) 1.24*17.48*(16+26)*1910.36W查附錄1-5得哈爾濱南向的朝向修正率，取-17%則朝向修正耗熱量Q1910.36*(-0.17) -154.76W本教學(xué)樓不需要進(jìn)行風(fēng)力修正，高度未超過(guò)4米也不需要進(jìn)行修正。wumianXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

8、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX南外墻的實(shí)際耗熱量Q1Q1+ Q1910.36-154.76755.6W(2)南外窗

9、：南外窗傳熱系數(shù)K=2.68 w/(·).，傳熱面積F=2*2*2=8（兩個(gè)外窗）基本耗熱量Q1KF(tn-twn) 2.68*8*(16+26)*1900.48W朝向修正耗熱量wumianXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

10、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXQ1900.48*（-0.17）-153.08WwumianXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

11、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX南外窗實(shí)際耗熱量wumianXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

12、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

13、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Q1Q1+ Q1900.48-153.08747.40W(3)東外墻：東外墻傳熱系數(shù)K=1.24 w/(·)，溫差修正系數(shù)=1，傳熱面積F=(4.5+0.37)*4-2*2=15.48基本耗熱量Q1KF(tn-twn) 1.24*15.48*（16+26）*1806.20W查附錄1-5得哈爾濱東向的朝向修正率，取+5%則朝向修正耗熱量Q1806.20*（+5%）40.31W東外墻實(shí)際耗熱量wumianXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

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15、XXXX Q1Q1+ Q1806.20+40.31846.51W(4)東外窗：東外窗傳熱系數(shù)K=2.68 w/(·)，溫差修正系數(shù)=1，傳熱面積F=2*2=4基本耗熱量Q1KF(tn-twn) 2.68*4*（16+26）*1450.24W朝向修正耗熱量wumianXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

16、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXQ1450.24*（+5%）22.51W東外窗實(shí)際耗熱量wumianXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

17、XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Q

18、1Q1+ Q1450.24+22.51472.75W（5）地面：地面劃分地帶如圖2-9第一地帶傳熱系數(shù)K1=0.47 w/(·)F1=（6.0-0.12）*2+（4.5-0.12）*2=20.52第一地帶傳熱耗熱量Q1= K1F1(tn-twn) 0.47*20.52*（16+26）*1405.06W第二地帶傳熱系數(shù)K20.23 w/(·)F2（3.88+0.38）*28.52第二地帶傳熱耗熱量Q2= K2F2(tn-twn) 0.23*8.52*（16+26）82.3W第三地帶傳熱系數(shù)K30.12 w/(·)F31.88*0.380.71第三地帶傳熱耗熱量Q3=

19、 K3F3(tn-twn) 0.12*0.71*（16+26）3.58所以地面的傳熱耗熱量Q1Q1+Q2+Q3405.06+82.3+3.58490.94綜上，101圖書(shū)館圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的總傳熱耗熱量Q1Q1南墻+Q1南窗+Q1東墻+Q1東窗+Q1地755.60+747.40+846.51+472.75+490.943313.20W2、冷風(fēng)滲透耗熱量（按縫隙法計(jì)算）（1）南外窗，如圖2-10外窗為四扇，帶上亮，兩側(cè)窗扇可開(kāi)啟，中間兩扇固定。外窗（兩個(gè)）縫隙總長(zhǎng)為L(zhǎng)（1.5*4+0.5*8）*220m（包括氣窗）查表1-6，在3.8m/s的風(fēng)速下雙層木窗每米縫隙每小時(shí)滲入的冷空氣量為2.84m

20、79;/(m·h)由于采用密封條封窗，滲入量減少。L。2.84*0.61.70 m ³/(m·h)據(jù)twn-26查的w1.4/m ³查附錄1-5，哈爾濱南向修正系數(shù)n1.00由公式VL。ln1.70*10*1.0034m ³/h得南外窗冷風(fēng)滲透耗熱量Q20.287VwCp（tn-tw）0.287*1*1.4*34*（16+26）555.78W（2）東外窗，如圖2-10縫隙長(zhǎng)度l1.5*4+0.5*810m（包括氣窗）哈爾濱的東向修正系數(shù)n0.20東外窗的冷空氣滲入量VL。ln1.70*10*0.203.4 m ³/h東外窗冷風(fēng)滲透耗熱

21、量Q20.287VwCp（tn-tw） 0.287*1*1.4*3.4*(16+26) 57.38W3、圖書(shū)館的總耗熱量為QQ1+Q23313.20+(555.78+57.38) 3926.36W房間熱負(fù)荷計(jì)算房間編號(hào)房間名稱(chēng)圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)室內(nèi)計(jì)算溫度（）室外計(jì)算溫度（）計(jì)算溫度差（）溫度修正系數(shù)圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)傳熱系數(shù)KW/()基本耗熱量Q（w）附加率（%）實(shí)際耗熱量Q（w）名稱(chēng)及朝向尺寸長(zhǎng)*寬(m*m)面積F（）朝向風(fēng)力外門(mén)123456789101112131415101圖書(shū)館南外墻（60+0.37）*4-（2*2*2）17.4816-264211.24910.36-17755.60南外窗2*2*282

22、.68900.48-17747.40東外墻（45+0.37）*4-2*215.481.24806.20+5846.51東外窗2*242.68450.24+5472.75地面一（60-012）*2+（4.5-0.12）*220.520.47405.06405.06地面二（388+0.38）*28.520.2382.3082.30地面三188*0.380.710.123.583.58圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)耗熱量3313.20冷風(fēng)滲透耗熱量615.7房間總耗熱量3928.96散熱器面積及片數(shù)的計(jì)算：已知：房間設(shè)計(jì)熱負(fù)荷Q=4000W；tpj=（95+70）/2=82.5; tn=16; t= tpjtn=82.5

23、18=64.5;室內(nèi)安裝采用M-132型散熱器，散熱器明裝，供暖系統(tǒng)為雙管上供式，設(shè)計(jì)供回水溫度為：95/70 支管與散熱器同側(cè)連接，上進(jìn)下出。查附錄21，對(duì)M-132型散熱器K=2.426t0.286=2.426*(64.5)0.286=7.99 w/(·)修正系數(shù)：散熱器組裝片數(shù)修正系數(shù)：先假定11.0散熱器連接形式修正系數(shù)：查附錄2-4，2=1.0散熱器安裝形式修正系數(shù)：查附錄2-5，3=1.02據(jù)式：FQKt123=40007.99*64.5*1.0*1.0*1.02=7.92M-132型散熱器每片散熱面積為0.24,計(jì)算片數(shù)n為：n7.91/0.2433片查附錄得當(dāng)散熱器片

24、數(shù)為20以上時(shí)1=1.10因此實(shí)際所需散熱器面積為：F=F*1=7.92*1.10=8.72實(shí)際采用片數(shù)n為：n=Ff=8.720.24=36.33片 取整得 應(yīng)采用M-132型散熱器36片根據(jù)計(jì)算可知101房間的熱負(fù)荷總計(jì)為4000W，且有四個(gè)散熱器，每個(gè)散熱器的熱負(fù)荷如下圖所示，熱媒參數(shù)供回水溫度：95/70,確定供暖系統(tǒng)的并計(jì)算出101房間的系統(tǒng)阻力：1、 在圖上進(jìn)行管段編號(hào)，水平管與跨越管編號(hào)并注明了各管段的熱負(fù)荷和管長(zhǎng)。如右圖所示。2、 計(jì)算各管段管徑：水平管段：1、3、5、7、9的流量為：G=0.86Qtg-th=0.86*400095-70=137.6kg/h根據(jù)管徑分流系數(shù)知跨越管段2、4、6、8均采用DN15，則=0.36，則這些管段的流量：Gk=（10.36）G=0.64*137.6=88.1kg/h根據(jù)以上計(jì)算可以確定各管段的管徑，見(jiàn)下表；3、 各管段的局部阻力系數(shù)的確定，見(jiàn)下表：4、 跨越管的局部阻力與沿程阻力計(jì)算：跨越管2、4、6、8的阻力相等，假設(shè)長(zhǎng)度L=1.2m，R=25.86Pa/m，v=0.13m